Cyclone II FFT Co-Processor Reference Design

Transcription

1 Cyclone II FFT Co-Processor Reference Design May 2005 ver. 1.0 Application Note 375 Introduction f The fast Fourier transform (FFT) co-processor reference design demonstrates the use of an Altera FPGA as a high-performance digital signal processing (DSP) co-processor to the Texas Instruments (TI) TMS320C6000 family of programmable digital signal processors. The reference design uses the Spectrum Digital DSP Starter Kit (DSK) for the TMS320C6416, Revision E, which features the TI TMS320C6416 digital signal processor, and the DSP Development Kit, Cyclone II Edition, which features the EP2C35 FPGA. The hardware interface is a connection between the TMS320C6416 processor s External Memory Interface (EMIF) and the first-in first-out (FIFO) buffers on the FPGA. For more information on the Cyclone II EP2C35 DSP development board and the EP2C35 FPGA, refer to the Cyclone II EP2C35 DSP Development Board Reference Manual. The reference design includes Verilog hardware description language (HDL) files and C source code for the TMS320C6416 processor. Background This section provides background information and describes basic concepts for using an FPGA as a co-processor to a programmable digital signal processor. Programmable digital signal processors are widely used in a range of signal processing applications. They are designed with optimized instruction sets to execute DSP algorithms such as FFTs and finite impulse response (FIR) filters. Unfortunately, programmable digital signal processor performance has not kept up with the demands of the newest system applications, which often require dramatically higher data rates and increased channel counts. This has forced system designers to implement costly arrays of digital signal processors to satisfy these needs. However, these arrays tend to occupy more board real estate and result in increased power consumption. This affects overall system cost and poses significant implementation challenges, including the arbitration of shared memory between different processors. The FFT co-processor reference design demonstrates how to implement a design that easily interfaces to a digital signal processor. Designers can adapt the FFT FPGA co-processor reference design to their application because of the programmable nature of the FPGA s fabric. Additionally, designers can customize and construct functions that fully exploit the Altera Corporation 1 AN

2 Cyclone II FFT Co-Processor Reference Design parallel nature of the hardware implementation in the FPGA, enabling power-efficient multichannel designs (useful in communication systems) with high data throughputs. The following steps provide a high-level description of an FPGA co-processor design flow: 1. Profile applications in software to identify computationally intensive algorithms suitable for off-loading to co-processors. 2. Integrate an off-the-shelf co-processor by using an Altera intellectual property (IP) MegaCore function, or by developing a custom co-processor block using a design tool like DSP Builder, or by using HDL. 3. Evaluate co-processor system architectures and select a suitable processor interface. 4. Integrate the hardware and software design components. 5. Verify the system in hardware. FFT FPGA Co-Processor Functional Description Figure 1 shows the FFT FPGA co-processor reference design block diagram. Figure 1. FFT FPGA Co-Processor Block Diagram Atlantic Interface TMS320C6416 Digital Signal Processor 32-Bit EMIF Interface EMIF & FIFO Interface Transmit FIFO Buffer Receive FIFO Buffer FFT MegaCore Function TMS320C6416 DSK Board Cyclone II EP2C35F672 FPGA Cyclone II EP2C35 DSP Development Board 2 Altera Corporation

3 FFT FPGA Co-Processor Functional Description The direct memory access (DMA) controller within the TMS320C6416 processor transmits packets of data to be processed via the TMS320C6416 processor to the EMIF and FIFO interface on the EP2C35 FPGA. The EMIF and FIFO interface sends the data to the transmit FIFO buffer. The reference design monitors the fill level of the transmit FIFO buffer to determine when sufficient data is available for processing by the FFT MegaCore function. The FFT MegaCore function processes the data in packets the size of the FFT length. The output of the FFT MegaCore function is sent to the receive FIFO buffer. When a whole packet of processed data is available to be read from the receive FIFO buffer, a DMA transfer request is sent to the TMS320C6416 processor. Table 1 lists the scheduling of the data packets through the hardware system blocks to maximize system utilization and data throughput. Table 1. Data Packet Scheduling Through the FFT Co-Processor Reference Design Step Action EMIF & FIFO Interface Write 0 - Write 1 - Read 0 Write 2 Read 1 Write 3 Transmit FIFO Buffer - In 0 - In In 2 - FFT MegaCore Function - - FFT 0 - FFT FFT 2 Receive FIFO Buffer Out 0 - Out Table 1 lists the actions that occur in each step. The following list describes each action: Write: the TMS320C6416 processor writes to the transmit FIFO buffer In: input to transmit FIFO buffer from the EMIF and FIFO interface FFT: input to FFT MegaCore function from the transmit FIFO buffer Out: output from FFT MegaCore function into the receive FIFO buffer Read: the TMS320C6416 processor reads data from the receive FIFO buffer FFT MegaCore Function The Altera FFT MegaCore function is high-performance and highly parameterizable. It is optimized for the Stratix II, Stratix, Stratix GX, Cyclone II, and Cyclone device families. The FFT MegaCore function implements a complex FFT or inverse FFT (IFFT) for high-performance applications. Altera Corporation 3

4 Cyclone II FFT Co-Processor Reference Design The FFT MegaCore function has the following features: Radix-4 and mixed radix-4/2 implementations Block floating-point architecture to maintain the maximum dynamic range of data during processing High throughput quad-output radix 4 FFT engine Support for multiple single-output and quad-output engines in parallel Multiple I/O data flow modes: streaming, buffered burst, and burst Parameterization-specific VHDL and Verilog HDL testbench generation Transform direction (FFT and IFFT) specifiable on a per-block basis Bit-accurate MATLAB models Optimized to use Stratix II, Stratix, and Stratix GX DSP blocks and the TriMatrix memory architecture Altera Atlantic -compliant input and output interfaces (see Atlantic Interface ) Easy-to-use IP Toolbench interface IP functional simulation models for use in Altera-supported VHDL and Verilog HDL simulators Support for OpenCore Plus evaluation DSP Builder ready f For more information on the FFT MegaCore function, refer to the FFT MegaCore Function User Guide. Table 2 lists the FFT MegaCore function parameters used in the reference design. Table 2. FFT MegaCore Function Reference Design Parameters Parameter Value Target device family Cyclone II Transform length 1,024 points Data precision 16 bits Twiddle precision 16 bits FFT engine architecture Quad output Number of parallel FFT engines 1 I/O data flow Buffered burst Structure 4 multipliers and 2 adders Implement multipliers in Logic cells Implement appropriate logic functions in RAM Yes 4 Altera Corporation

5 FFT FPGA Co-Processor Functional Description Atlantic Interface The FFT MegaCore function uses the Altera Atlantic interface. The Atlantic interface is a flexible interface for high-throughput packet-based data transmission of arbitrary packet length. It provides a synchronous point-to-point connection between two blocks of logic with flexible flow control for master-to-slave and slave-to master directions. f For more information on the Atlantic interface, refer to FS 13: The Atlantic Interface Functional Specification. Transmit & Receive FIFO Buffers The transmit and receive FIFO buffers handle the flow control of data to and from the FFT MegaCore function. The transmit FIFO buffer receives data from the TMS320C6416 processor across the EMIF interface and buffers an entire packet of data before sending it to the FFT MegaCore function. As data becomes available on the output of the FFT MegaCore function, it is sent to the receive FIFO buffer. The receive FIFO buffer buffers an entire packet of data before sending it across the EMIF to the TMS320C6416 processor. The programmable thresholds in the transmit and receive FIFO buffers are set to a little less than the length of one packet. For example, for a 1,024-point 16-bit FFT, the threshold value is set at 1,022 because each packet requires 1, bit-words. This assumes that the word size of each FIFO is set to 32 bits. The FIFOs are set to a depth of 2,048 to avoid any data overflow that might occur when writing to the FIFO buffers. EMIF Connection Methods The EMIF provides an interface to a variety of external memory components including synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), and FIFO buffers. The EMIF is the preferred connection method for the FPGA co-processor because of the data transfer rates available and the possibility of using the enhanced DMA (EDMA) controller integrated within the TMS320C6416 processor. Additionally, the DSP Development Kit, Cyclone II Edition includes expansion headers that are compatible with the EMIF expansion headers on the TMS320C6416 board. Table 3 lists the peak data transfer rates achievable by the EMIF for the given clock rates. Altera Corporation 5

6 Cyclone II FFT Co-Processor Reference Design In the FFT co-processor reference design, the FPGA co-processor is connected to the TMS320C6416 processor via a 32-bit asynchronous EMIF. The FPGA co-processor appears within the TMS320C6416 processor s memory map in the chip select 3 address space. Table 3. Peak EMIF Data Rates Peak Transfer Rates (Mbps) EMIF MHz 32-bit asynchronous (1) bit synchronous bit synchronous ,064 Note to Table 3: (1) Each asynchronous access is assumed to be five EMIF clocks. The FPGA co-processor may be implemented as a memory mapped device using either a synchronous or an asynchronous EMIF connection as determined by the system s performance requirements. FIFO buffers may be used to allow EMIF burst accesses to proceed without wait states, independently of the rate at which the FPGA co-processor consumes or produces data. Transmit packets (from the processor to the FPGA) are written to the transmit FIFO buffer and receive packets (from the FPGA to the processor) are read from the receive FIFO buffer. FIFO status signals are available to the processor (from the receive FIFO buffer) and to the FFT MegaCore function (from the transmit FIFO buffer). Table 4 describes the signals in the supplied Verilog source code. Table 4. Verilog Source Code Signals (Part 1 of 2) Signal Name Width (Bits) Direction clk 1 I Clock rst_n 1 I Asynchronous reset, active low Description soft_reset 1 O Software controlled reset for FPGA co-processor emif_ea [21:0] 22 I EMIF address bus emif_ce_n 1 I EMIF device enable, device selected must be set up as asynchronous emif_be_n[3:0] 4 I EMIF byte enable 6 Altera Corporation

7 FFT FPGA Co-Processor Functional Description Table 4. Verilog Source Code Signals (Part 2 of 2) Signal Name Width (Bits) Direction emif_aoe_n 1 I EMIF asynchronous output enable emif_are_n 1 I EMIF asynchronous read enable emif_awe_n 1 I EMIF asynchronous write enable emif_ardy 1 O EMIF asynchronous ready emif_ed [31:0] 32 I/O EMIF data addr 1 O Control port address wdata 1 O Control port write data hwa_ce 1 O Control port chip enable write 1 O Control port write strobe hwa_rdata 1 O Control port read data Description tx_dma_evrq 1 O Transmit DMA event request. Asserted low to request a new block of data to be encoded rx_dma_evrq 1 O Receive DMA event request. Asserted low to signal that a block of encoded data is available tx_full 1 I Transmit (software to hardware) FIFO buffer status rx_full 1 I Receive (hardware to software) FIFO buffer status tx_dav 1 I Atlantic master source (transmit) data available tx_ena 1 O Atlantic master source (transmit) enable tx_dat [31:0] 32 O Atlantic master source (transmit) data tx_adr [3:0] 4 O Atlantic master source (transmit) address tx_eop 1 O Atlantic master source (transmit) end of packet tx_sop 1 O Atlantic master source (transmit) start of packet rx_ena 1 O Atlantic master sink (receive) enable rx_dat [31:0] 32 I Atlantic master sink (receive) data rx_eop 1 I Atlantic master sink (receive) end of packet rx_sop 1 I Atlantic master sink (receive) start of packet rx_err 1 I Atlantic master sink (receive) error rx_dav 1 I Atlantic master sink (receive) data available rx_val 1 I Atlantic master sink (receive) data valid Altera Corporation 7

8 Cyclone II FFT Co-Processor Reference Design Registers Table 5 summarizes the registers in the FFT co-processor reference design. Table 5. FFT Co-Processor Reference Design Registers Register Mnemonic Address (Hex) (1) Access Description TX_CREDIT - - Transmit credit register not directly accessible RESET_HW 526C Write Sends a soft reset to the hardware TX_CREDIT_INC 523C Write Increment TX_CREDIT register Note to Table 5: (1) The addresses are offsets from the FPGA base address of 0xB Transmit Credit Register (TX_CREDIT) The FPGA co-processor must signal a DMA event to the EDMA to trigger the writing of packets in the transmit direction. This action is ultimately under control of the TMS320C6416 processor, which must write to the TX_CREDIT register within the FPGA co-processor to give the co-processor permission, or credit, to process a packet, for example, once the associated transmit and receive buffers have been allocated in memory. When the FPGA co-processor has one or more transmit credits, it requests a transmit DMA packet whenever the EMIF is idle. The TX_CREDIT register is decremented when a packet is moved from the transmit FIFO buffer to the FFT MegaCore function. The TX_CREDIT register is not directly accessible by the TMS320C6416 processor. Soft Hardware Reset Register (RESET_HW) A soft hardware reset is performed prior to initializing the chip support library, the EDMA, and the DMA receive interrupt service routine. This ensures all registers are at a known reset state prior to initialization. The soft hardware reset is performed once within the entire example C routine included with the reference design. 8 Altera Corporation

9 FFT FPGA Co-Processor Functional Description Transmit Credit Increment Register (TX_CREDIT_INC) Table 6 lists the transmit credit increment register format. Table 6. Transmit Credit Increment Register Format Data Bit Mnemonic Description 0 S A write with the S bit asserted causes a soft reset of the FPGA co-processor 1 I A write with the I bit asserted causes the TX_CREDIT register to be incremented 31:2 0 Always write 0 for future compatibility Software Access to the FFT Co-Processor The reference design contains TMS320C6416 example C code that generates the input data stimuli and demonstrates how blocks of data are streamed through the FFT co-processor. The software project is built using the TMS320C6416 processor and BIOS libraries included with the Texas Instruments (TI) Code Composer Studio software, to configure the EDMA controller and interrupts. Two EP2C35 general-purpose I/O (GPIO) pins are dedicated for use as event triggers for the EDMA: One GPIO pin for transmit data (TMS320C6416 processor to the FPGA co-processor) One GPIO pin for receive data (FPGA co-processor to EDMA) The FPGA co-processor requests a new transmit DMA whenever the TX_CREDIT register is non-zero and the FFT MegaCore function is ready for more data. The FPGA co-processor requests a receive DMA whenever a packet of data is available from the FFT MegaCore function in the receive FIFO buffer. Each time a DMA is completed, the EDMA sends an interrupt request to the TMS320C6416 processor. The software tracks the number of packets transmitted and received. When a predefined number of packets are complete, the software calculates the performance of the FFT co-processor. Apart from a software reset and incrementing the TX_CREDIT register, all accesses to the FPGA co-processor are performed by the EDMA controller. In the reference design the EDMA is set up by calling the initedma() function in the fft_ping_pong.c source file. Altera Corporation 9

10 Cyclone II FFT Co-Processor Reference Design The example software main() routine is in the fft_ping_pong.c source file included with the reference design. main() performs the following tasks: Sets up timer0 for performance measurement Initializes the memory buffers with the sine wave data for the EDMA Resets the FPGA co-processor and FIFO buffers Initializes the TMS320C6416 processor support library Calls initedma() to initialize the EDMA controller Starts the timer Increments TX_CREDIT Waits until all blocks are processed Calculates average time to process one FFT Each time a transmit or receive DMA interrupt occurs, edmahwi() is called to handle the interrupt. This function is in fft_ping_pong.c. Counters are updated to track the number of transmit and receive interrupts received until a predefined limit is reached, at which point the EDMA and interrupts are disabled. The transmit interrupt handler increments the TX_CREDIT register to additional further blocks to be processed. 1 The example software does not perform any additional data processing. Figure 2 through Figure 5 show various plots of the FFT input and output data using the TI Code Composer Studio software GUI utility. 1 The sampled sine wave continues for 1,024 samples. The imaginary input samples are all zero. 10 Altera Corporation

11 FFT FPGA Co-Processor Functional Description Figure 2 shows a plot of the real input data in the TI Code Composer Studio software. Figure 2. TI Code Composer Studio Real Input Data Plot Figure 3 shows a plot of the real output data in the TI Code Composer Studio software. Figure 3. TI Code Composer Studio Real Output Data Plot Altera Corporation 11

12 Cyclone II FFT Co-Processor Reference Design Figure 4 shows a plot of the imaginary output data in the TI Code Composer Studio software. Figure 4. TI Code Composer Studio Imaginary Output Data Plot 12 Altera Corporation

13 FFT FPGA Co-Processor Functional Description Figure 5 shows the TI Code Composer Studio software plot of a complex FFT applied to the input data implemented entirely in C code. Figure 5. FFT Plot of the Input Data in the TI Code Composer Studio Altera Corporation 13

14 Cyclone II FFT Co-Processor Reference Design Performance Analysis and Design Enhancement This section discusses performance analysis and suggests improvements that can enhance the performance of an FFT co-processor. Designers can consider several enhancements to the solution presented in this reference design, if the designer is starting a new board-level FPGA co-processor design. The designer can integrate the TMS320C6416 processor and the EP2C35 FPGA on the same board. The designer must take care when routing board-level interconnections between the TMS320C6416 processor and the FPGA co-processor to determine if it is possible to leverage the synchronous EMIF maximum data throughput and clock rate to reduce the round-trip data delay time. The current TI C64x family of digital signal processors supports a maximum of 64-bits of EMIF data at clock rates up to 133 MHz. The designer can use FIFO buffers in the transmit and receive paths that allow the FFT co-processor function (or any other co-processor function) to run at a different clock rate than the EMIF. If the FFT co-processor function is a performance bottleneck, it can be run at a higher clock rate than the EMIF, decreasing the overall processing time. Alternatively, the co-processor may be reconfigured to exploit further parallelism of the FPGA. If system issues, other than the FFT co-processor function, cause performance bottlenecks, the co-processor clock rate can be reduced, lowering the dynamic power consumption in the FPGA. The FFT co-processor function in this reference design is a relatively simple example. For larger co-processing systems that might consist of several co-processor functions, design considerations need to be made to maximize the data processing within the FPGA. The larger co-processing reduces the data-transfer overhead between the digital signal processor and the FPGA relative to the data processing time, maximizing overall system throughput. Alternative high-speed interfaces for example, Serial Rapid I/O, or SerialLite can be considered to improve the high-speed data transfers between the digital signal processor and the FPGA co-processor, increasing overall system performance. 14 Altera Corporation

15 Getting Started Getting Started This section describes the software and hardware requirements, as well as the required steps to install the reference design files, program the Cyclone II EP2C35 DSP development board, and load the TMS320C6416 DSK binary executable program. Software Requirements The reference design requires the following software: Quartus II software version 5.0 Altera FFT MegaCore function version Texas Instruments Code Composer Studio IDE, version 2.21, which is included in the TMS320C6416 DSK Hardware Requirements You must have the following development kits to run the FFT FPGA co-processor reference design: DSP Development Kit, Cyclone II Edition, version Spectrum Digital DSP Starter Kit (DSK) for the TMS320C6416, Revision E Connect each board to their power supplies and programming cables according to the instructions listed in their respective data sheets and reference manuals. f For more information on the DSP Development Kit, Cyclone II Edition, refer to the Cyclone II EP2C35 DSP Development Board Reference Manual. For more information on the TMS320C6416 DSK, refer to the TMS320C6416 DSK Technical Reference or the DSP Starter Kit (DSK) for the TMS320C6416 (720 MHz) Quick Start Installation Guide. Both documents are included in the TMS320C6416 DSK. Connecting the Cyclone II EP2C35 DSP Development Board to the TMS320C6416 Board To connect the boards, follow these steps: 1. The Cyclone II EP2C35 DSP development board should be on top of the TMS320C6416 board. c For the Cyclone II EP2C35 DSP development board and the TMS320C6416 board, turn off the power to the board by disconnecting the power cable. Altera Corporation 15

16 Cyclone II FFT Co-Processor Reference Design 2. Connect U34 (Peripheral Expansion Interface), on the bottom of the Cyclone II EP2C35 DSP development board, to J3 (Peripheral Expansion Connector) on the TMS320C6416 board. 3. Connect U40 (Memory Expansion Interface), on the bottom of the Cyclone II EP2C35 DSP development board, to J4 (Memory Expansion Connector) on the TMS320C6416 DSK board. c Be sure to connect U34 to J3 and U40 to J4. Figure 6 shows the correct positioning of the TMS320C6416 DSK board underneath the Cyclone II EP2C35 DSP development board. If the TMS320C6416 DSK board is connected in the reverse position, it will be severely damaged. Figure 6. Correct Positioning of the TMS320C6416 DSK Board Underneath the Cyclone II EP2C35 DSP Development Board USB Port Power Supply TMS320C6416 DSK 16 Altera Corporation

17 Getting Started Installing the FFT Co-Processor Reference Design Files When you install the software from the DSP Development Kit, Cyclone II Edition CD-ROM, the design files for the FFT co-processor reference design are installed in the directory structure shown in Figure 7. Figure 7. Cyclone II FFT Co-Processor Reference Design Directory Structure <install-path> The default path is C\:altera\kits\ CycloneII_DSP_Kit-v1.0.0\Examples\HW\ReferenceDesigns\emif_ref_design_FFT Contains the FFT co-processor reference design files and documentation doc Contains documentation for the design, including this application note QuartusII Contains the example Quartus II project file and source files TI6416 Contains the example software source files and TI Code Composer Studio project files Configuring the Cyclone II DSP Development Board The compilation of the FFT co-processor design produces a Sram Object File (.sof) that is used to configure the EP2C35 FPGA. The SOF file is included with the reference design in the DSP Development Kit, Cyclone II Edition. To configure the EP2C35 FPGA, follow these steps: 1. Start the Quartus II software. 2. Choose Open Project (File menu) and browse to the directory: <install-path>\cycloneii_dsp_kit-v1.0.0\examples\hw \ReferenceDesigns\emif_ref_design_FFT\QuartusII 3. Select emif_ref_ex.qpf and click Open. 4. If a message appears asking whether you want to overwrite the database written with a prior version of the Quartus II software, click OK. 5. In the Quartus II software, choose Programmer (Tools menu). The emif_ref_ex.sof is automatically detected by the emif_ref_ex.cdf (Chain Description File) and loaded into the Quartus II software. Altera Corporation 17

18 Cyclone II FFT Co-Processor Reference Design 1 If the file does not load, click Add File, and browse to the directory: <install-path>\cycloneii_dsp_kit-v1.0.0\examples\hw \ReferenceDesigns\emif_ref_design_FFT\QuartusII a. Select emif_ref_ex.sof and click Open (see Figure 8). b. Ensure that USB-Blaster is selected in the Quartus II Programmer window. If it is not, click Hardware Setup. Select USB-Blaster and click Select Hardware. Click Close (see Figure 8). f For details on installing the USB-Blaster driver on your PC, refer to the USB-Blaster Download Cable User Guide. The driver files are installed at <quartus-install-dir>\drivers\usb-blaster. 6. Turn on Program/Configure (see Figure 8). 7. Click Start to begin programming and configuring the Cyclone II EP2C35 DSP development board (see Figure 8). 8. Programming and configuration is complete when the Progress bar reaches 100%. The Quartus II software reports: Info: Ended Programmer operation at <date, time> 9. The CONF DONE LED (D10) turns on, indicating successful completion of the configuration. 18 Altera Corporation

19 Getting Started Figure 8. Quartus II Programmer Dialog Box Running the TI Code Composer Studio Example Software To run the example software in the TI Code Composer Studio software, follow these steps: 1. Ensure that the USB cable is connected between the TMS320C6416 DSK board and your PC. The USB port on the TMS320C6416 DSK board is shown in Figure 6 on page Start Code Composer Studio. This opens the The TI Code Composer Studio software window. (see Figure 9 on page 22). Altera Corporation 19

20 Cyclone II FFT Co-Processor Reference Design 3. Ensure that the correct GEL file is loaded for the TMS320C6416 DSK under GEL files in the TI Code Composer Studio software Project window. To load the appropriate GEL file, right click on GEL files under Files in the left pane, and select Load GEL. Browse to the directory: <CCS-install-path>\cc\gel 4. Select DSK6416.gel and click Open. 5. Choose Project > Open (Project menu) and browse to the directory: <install-path>\cycloneii_dsp_kit-v1.0.0\examples\hw \ReferenceDesigns\emif_ref_design_FFT\TI Select fft_ping_pong.pjt and click Open. 7. If a message appears saying the csl6416.lib file cannot be found, click Browse and browse to the directory: <CCS-install-path>\c6000\bios\lib 8. Select csl6416.lib and click Open. 9. Choose Workspace > Load Workspace (File menu) and open fft_ping_pong.wks. This opens a saved TI Code Composer Studio software workspace that allows you to view the FFT input and output data plots in the TI Code Composer Studio software user interface. 1 Ignore any TI Code Composer Studio software messages that refer to insufficient resources or GEL file location. 10. Choose Resets > ClearBreakPts_Reset_EMIFset (GEL menu). 1 Ignore any TI Code Composer Studio software messages that refer to start address identifiers. 11. Choose Memory Map > SetMemoryMap (GEL menu). 12. To load the design onto the TMS320C6416 DSK board, choose Load Program (File menu) and browse to the debug directory. 13. Select fft_ping_pong.out and click Open. 14. Choose Enable Clock (Profiler menu) so that the profiler can keep count of the number of clock cycles it took to run the FFT function. 20 Altera Corporation

21 Getting Started 1 You may want to choose Enable Clock again in the profiler menu to ensure that Enable Clock is turned on. 15. Choose Run (Debug menu) to run the software on the TMS320C6416 DSK board. 16. As the design runs, messages appear in the Stdout window. The messages indicate the status of the program and the number of clock cycles used to run the FFT co-processor function. 17. The program prints Done in the Stdout window as the last message, indicating that the program successfully executed. 18. The graphs in the TI Code Composer Studio software user interface show the various input and output FFT plots (see Figure 9). If the signals do not look correct, right-click in the respective graph windows and click Refresh to update the signals. Altera Corporation 21

22 Cyclone II FFT Co-Processor Reference Design Figure 9. TI Code Composer Studio Workspace Graphs & User Interface Compiling the FFT Co-Processor Reference Design (Optional) To compile the FFT co-processor reference design, you must first install the FFT MegaCore function. The function can be run with a full license or using free OpenCore Plus evaluation. f For more information on OpenCore Plus, refer to AN 320: OpenCore Plus Evaluation of Megafunctions. The following directory contains the Quartus II project file, emif_ref_ex.qpf, which contains the project files and the pin mappings for the DSP Development Kit, Cyclone II Edition: <install-path>\cycloneii_dsp_kit-v1.0.0\examples\hw \ReferenceDesigns\emif_ref_design_FFT\QuartusII 22 Altera Corporation

23 Getting Started To compile the FFT co-processor reference design, follow these steps: 1. Start the Quartus II software. 2. Choose Open Project (File menu) and browse to the directory: <install-path>\cycloneii_dsp_kit-v1.0.0\examples\hw \ReferenceDesigns\emif_ref_design_FFT\QuartusII 3. Select emif_ref_ex.qpf and click Open. 4. If a message appears asking whether you want to overwrite the database written with a prior version of the Quartus II software, click OK. 5. Choose Add/Remove Files in Project (Project menu) and verify that the fft_pack.vhd file (for the FFT MegaCore function) is located in the path listed in the display (see Figure 10). 6. If the path for the fft_pack.vhd file is incorrect, remove the fft_pack.vhd file by selecting it and click Remove. To add the fft_pack.vhd file from the directory where it is installed, in the File name list, browse to the directory: <install_path>\megacore\fft-v2.1.3\lib Altera Corporation 23

24 Cyclone II FFT Co-Processor Reference Design 7. Select fft_pack.vhd and click Add (see Figure 10). Figure 10. Verifying the fft_pack.vhd File in the Settings Dialog Box 8. Choose Start Compilation (Processing menu) to begin compiling the design. 9. Click OK in the message window that appears. 24 Altera Corporation

25 Conclusion Conclusion The Cyclone II FFT co-processor reference design provides designers the flexibility to implement a design that easily interfaces the Cyclone II FPGA to a wide range of digital signal processors. Designers can adapt the FFT co-processor model to fit virtually any target application because of the programmable nature of the FPGA s fabric. 101 Innovation Drive San Jose, CA (408) Applications Hotline: (800) 800-EPLD Literature Services: lit_req@altera.com Copyright 2005 Altera Corporation. All rights reserved. Altera, The Programmable Solutions Company, the stylized Altera logo, specific device designations, and all other words and logos that are identified as trademarks and/or service marks are, unless noted otherwise, the trademarks and service marks of Altera Corporation in the U.S. and other countries. All other product or service names are the property of their respective holders. Altera products are protected under numerous U.S. and foreign patents and pending applications, maskwork rights, and copyrights. Altera warrants performance of its semiconductor products to current specifications in accordance with Altera's standard warranty, but reserves the right to make changes to any products and services at any time without notice. Altera assumes no responsibility or liability arising out of the application or use of any information, product, or service described herein except as expressly agreed to in writing by Altera Corporation. Altera customers are advised to obtain the latest version of device specifications before relying on any published information and before placing orders for products or services. Altera Corporation 25