Considering the design and analysis of antennas for a modern smartwatch

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1 Considering the design and analysis of antennas for a modern smartwatch Start time: 17:00 CET, 11:00 ET, 8:00 PT Audio will be broadcast through your computer speakers or headphones (no need to teleconference) In case of audio broadcast failure please use dial-in numbers from your registration There will be no audio until the scheduled start time. A recording will be made available, you will be notified by More information:

2 Smart watch design 1. Overview of a modern smart watch. 2. Challenges posed for the antenna design engineer. 3. An example design. 4. Discuss some approaches in relation to: Electromagnetic design and analysis Mechanical design and co-design Meeting regulatory standards Examples developed in collaboration between CST, Magus and SIMULIA

3 A modern smart watch Casing and strap Must be practical size Materials and aesthetics Touchscreen Battery and charging Electronics Flexibility and functionality

4 Concept design Modular strap. Connected to watch body. Interchangeable modules. User customization. Large screen. Differentiate touch and tap. Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, GPS and GSM capable Wireless charging required.

5 Concept design Standard mating connectors between modules and watch body. Continuous ground plane, data and power lines Maximize data transfer rates achievable between strap modules (>1 Gb/s) Minimize interference risk Adhere to exposure standards Optimise for mechanical reliability and manufacture methods Aluminium/polycarbonate casing Polycarbonate strap/module housing

6 Design process Antenna Design Sub-system design (touchscreen, charging, etc.) Mechanical design (touchscreen, connectors, etc.) Mechanical analysis EM Simulation

Concept design - Connectivity WiFi (2.401 2.

7 Concept design - Connectivity WiFi ( GHz) Bluetooth ( GHz) GPS ( GHz) GSM/Cellular (e.g MHz) S11 < -10 db Best possible radiation efficiency

alongside other electronics/systems Cater for

8 Antenna requirements Fit within the space available Efficient and well matched antennas (power use) Work alongside other electronics/systems Cater for different usage scenarios and environments Adhere to safety standards

9 Antenna challenges: Space ~75 mm < 40 mm < 8 mm < 40 mm ~70 mm

10 Antenna challenges: Space Freespace wavelength/2 WiFi ( GHz) Bluetooth ( GHz) GPS ( GHz) GSM ( MHz) ~70 mm

11 Antenna challenges: Space Metal casing (Aluminum) Touchscreen with conductive sensing grid Watch PCB Strap module and electronics Battery Metal/polycarbonate underside Wireless charging coil and circuitry

12 WiFi and Bluetooth antennas Published papers Design of a Compact UWB Diversity Antenna for WBAN Wrist-Watch Applications *Seungmin Woo, Jisoo Baek, Hyungsang Park, Dongtak Kim and #Jaehoon Choi Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Hanyang University 17 Haengdang-Dong, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, , Korea Conformal Bluetooth Antenna for the Watch-Type Wireless Communication Device Application Chih-Hsien Wu*(1), Kin-Lu Wong(1), Yuan-Chih Lin (1), and Saou-Wen Su (2) (1)Department of Electrical Engineering National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan (2)Technology Research and Development Center Lite-On Technology Corp., Taipei 114, Taiwan

13 Choose application

14 Choose application

15 Choose application

16 Choose antenna

17 Choose antenna

18 Automatic design

19 Adjust specification

20 Learn about the antenna limitations

WiFi and Bluetooth antennas Published papers Design of a Compact

Woo, Jisoo Baek, Hyungsang Park, Dongtak Kim and #Jaehoon Choi

University 17 Haengdang-Dong, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 133-791, Korea

Communication Device Application Chih-Hsien Wu*(1), Kin-Lu

Electrical Engineering National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung

21 WiFi and Bluetooth antennas Published papers Design of a Compact UWB Diversity Antenna for WBAN Wrist-Watch Applications *Seungmin Woo, Jisoo Baek, Hyungsang Park, Dongtak Kim and #Jaehoon Choi Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Hanyang University 17 Haengdang-Dong, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, , Korea Conformal Bluetooth Antenna for the Watch-Type Wireless Communication Device Application Chih-Hsien Wu*(1), Kin-Lu Wong(1), Yuan-Chih Lin (1), and Saou-Wen Su (2) (1)Department of Electrical Engineering National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan (2)Technology Research and Development Center Lite-On Technology Corp., Taipei 114, Taiwan

22 WiFi and Bluetooth antennas

23 WiFi and Bluetooth antennas Published papers Design of a Compact UWB Diversity Antenna for WBAN Wrist-Watch Applications *Seungmin Woo, Jisoo Baek, Hyungsang Park, Dongtak Kim and #Jaehoon Choi Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Hanyang University 17 Haengdang-Dong, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, , Korea Conformal Bluetooth Antenna for the Watch-Type Wireless Communication Device Application Chih-Hsien Wu*(1), Kin-Lu Wong(1), Yuan-Chih Lin (1), and Saou-Wen Su (2) (1)Department of Electrical Engineering National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan (2)Technology Research and Development Center Lite-On Technology Corp., Taipei 114, Taiwan

24 WiFi and Bluetooth antennas Polycarbonate Windows

25 WiFi and Bluetooth antennas WiFi/Bluetooth

26 WiFi and Bluetooth antennas

27 WiFi and Bluetooth antennas

28 WiFi and Bluetooth antennas

29 WiFi and Bluetooth antennas

30 WiFi and Bluetooth antennas

WiFi and Bluetooth antennas Published papers Design of a Compact UWB Diversity Antenna for WBAN Wrist-Watch

and Computer Engineering, Hanyang University 17 Haengdang-Dong, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 133-791, Korea Conformal

Wong(1), Yuan-Chih Lin (1), and Saou-Wen Su (2) (1)Department of Electrical Engineering National Sun Yat-Sen

31 WiFi and Bluetooth antennas Published papers Design of a Compact UWB Diversity Antenna for WBAN Wrist-Watch Applications *Seungmin Woo, Jisoo Baek, Hyungsang Park, Dongtak Kim and #Jaehoon Choi Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Hanyang University 17 Haengdang-Dong, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, , Korea Conformal Bluetooth Antenna for the Watch-Type Wireless Communication Device Application Chih-Hsien Wu*(1), Kin-Lu Wong(1), Yuan-Chih Lin (1), and Saou-Wen Su (2) (1)Department of Electrical Engineering National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan (2)Technology Research and Development Center Lite-On Technology Corp., Taipei 114, Taiwan

32 WiFi and Bluetooth antennas

33 GPS antennas GPS signals are Circularly Polarised Traditionally patch antennas or helix variants are used for GPS applications Literature and Antenna Magus designs show that these antennas are too large

poorly matched and realised circularly polarised

34 GPS antennas Inverted-F type antenna designed for GPS housed in the watch body The GPS antenna is poorly matched and realised circularly polarised gain is poor Performance varies on or off the wrist

35 GPS antennas Inverted-F type antenna designed for GPS housed in the watch body The GPS antenna is poorly matched and realised circularly polarised gain is poor Performance varies on or off the wrist

36 GPS antennas GPS Module GPS on-board We would like improved axial ratio and efficiency. A high-performance GPS strap module could be used

37 GPS antennas GPS on-board GPS Module

38 What about GSM? At lower frequencies (e.g. GSM 900) more space than is available in the casing is needed

39 What about GSM? Use the strap Investigate and design by simulation with simplified canonical models Will it work with the modular strap? How will electronics be influenced?

40 What about GSM?

41 What about GSM? For GSM850/900 only 5 of the 6 strap modules should be connected to form the antenna

42 Modelling the environment

43 Modelling the environment

44 Antenna challenges: Exposure European standard for limbs: SAR (Specific absorption rate) should be less than 4 W/kg averaged over 10 g Transmitter: - 2W peak power - Active for 1/8 th of every second W RMS input power

45 Concept design Maximize data transfer rates achievable between strap modules (>1 Gb/s) Minimize interference risk Large screen. Differentiate touch and tap. Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, GPS and GSM capable Optimise mechanical reliability Wireless charging required.

46 Analysis mechanical reliability Reliability of strap module connectors Material choices and manufacture methods Drop test simulation Etc.

47 Analysis - Touch Screen Movement of finger Capacitance Values

48 Analysis - Touch Screen Electric field lines Considering deformation due to finger pressure on glass Capacitance Undeformed Capacitance Deformed Mechanical and EM co-simulation

49 Analysis Wireless charging

50 Analysis Wireless charging Magnetic 6.78MHz YZ cut-plane XZ cut-plane

51 Analysis - Modular electronics Bus

52 Analysis - Modular electronics Daisy chain

53 Analysis - Modular electronics

54 Analysis - Signal Integrity Eye Diagram 1.5Gb/s Daisy-chain Achieved Target Transfer Rate 1.5Gb/s 1Gb/s Eye Opening 0.3mV 0.2mV

55 Designing in a system Each antenna and subsystem design makes assumptions about other system components An understanding of the interaction between system components and the impact of design choices takes time to evolve Each component design needs to be refined, leveraging understanding of this interaction An integrated, seamless, multi-disciplinary toolset is critical in this process

56 A design concept GSM antenna using the strap and casing body Highperformance GPS module IFA-type antennas for Wifi/Bluetooth and GPS

57 Thank you

Consider the Design and Analysis of Antennas for a modern Smartwatch

Consider the Design and Analysis of Antennas for a modern Smartwatch 3DS.COM Dassault Systèmes 5/3/2017 ref.: 3DS_Document_2015 By Tracey Vincent Smart watch design 1. Overview of a modern smart watch.