Locust spraying: ULV vs EC? ULV technology ULV. Droplet size and coverage quality of the treated areas. The two main locust spraying techniques

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1 ТЕCHNICAL WORKSHOP ON LOCUST CONTROL DUSHANBE, ТАJIKISTAN JIKISTAN,, ОCTOBER 2010 The two main locust spraying techniques Locust spraying: ULV vs EC? High-volume spraying Ultra-low volume spraying (ULV) -Item 10 of the technical Workshop- А.V. Latchininsky FAO International Consultant Applied volume l/ha Water-based insecticide formulations, such as Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC) Applied volume 1 l/ha Oil formulations specifically prepared for ULV Large droplets (>200 µm) Small droplets ( µm) ULV technology Developed in the 1950s to control the Desert Locust Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål 1775) The most worldwide used technology to control locusts The most efficient and cost-effective and the less harmful to human beings and the Environment Therefore, fully supported and promoted by FAO ULV High-volume spraying Droplet size and coverage quality of the treated areas No need to mix Minimal water use (for secondary needs only ) Low volatility of the oil formulation Optimum size of the droplets µm To be diluted with water Huge quantities of water needed & related costs... High volatility of the water mixture Drops either too large or too small Reducing droplet size increases the number of droplets Small droplets provide a higher density per cm 2 than the large ones Small droplets have a better penetration than large ones through dense vegetation With the same volume: Ø 200 µm Ø 100 µm 1 drop 8 droplets

2 Ø 200 µm Optimum droplet density for locust control is considered to be of 20/cm² Ø 20 µm µm Volume to apply l/ha 985 1, cm 5 seconds 5 minutes 1 cm 3m 3m Optimum Ø: µm What is important is not only the droplet size but also the droplet spectrum: the most homogeneous is the spray, the best it is Standard spray Aerosol generator: generator: droplet diameter is of 1-20 µm Spray from rotating atomizer (ULV) % % Aerosol generator: droplet diameter is of 1-20 µm Тractor-mounted fan sprayer: droplet diameter is of 300-1,000 µm ULV sprayer Micron АU 8115: droplet diameter µm

3 High-volume spraying: direct deposit of the drops ULV spraying: controlled drift Spray with controlled drift the principle of ULV technology nd Wi Way to progress with the sprayer perpendicular to wind Micron Ulva + (rotating atomizer with batteries) Hand-held ULV sprayer Vehicle-mounted ULV sprayer Micronair АU 8000 (motorized) Aircraft equipped with ULV atomizers

4 Aircraft Antonov-2 equipped with Micronair АU 5000 Advantages of ULV oil formulations Less Helicopter KA-26 equipped with Micronair АU 5000 Cannibalism among locusts volatility Better adherence to plants which is especially important for pesticides with ingestion action, such as inhibitors of chitin synthesis (IGR) Biopesticides formulated as suspension of spores in vegetal oil Attractive properties of oil vegetal oils attractive for locusts Calibration Calibration is often disregarded Failures in pest control are usually due to incorrect calibration although inefficacy of pesticides is referred to in most cases Locust are attracted to cadavers by volatile fatty acids. The same fatty acids are present in vegetable oils. Three parameters have to be calibrated: calibrated: - the size of the droplets, droplets, - the height at which the droplets will be sprayed, sprayed, - the pesticide dose. dose.

5 Which are the advantages of EC formulations as compared to ULV ones? Smaller amounts of pesticide for transportation and storage The spraying height has to be changed in relation with the wind strength For ULV spraying, the recommended wind speed is from 2 to 10 m/sec Less corrosiveness Simpler sprayers Wind-independence Versatility of EC insecticides No need for special sprayers Easier cleaning EFFICACY Performance of ULV sprayers Hand-held sprayer (no motor) 5 10 ha/day Motorized knapsack sprayer ha/day ULV EC Vehicle-mounted sprayer (without airblast) ha/day Vehicle-mounted sprayer (with airblast) ha/day Aircraft 1,500 3,000 ha/day