Step 2: Search & document. 2-1,2,3 Plan search 2-4 Develop main search 2-5 Save & document 2-6 Translate search

Transcription

1 Step 2: Search & document 2-1,2,3 Plan search 2-4 Develop main search 2-5 Save & document 2-6 Translate search 75

2 76 What makes this search different?? It will be evaluated by many All articles the search retrieved must be labeled Search one database at a time Sensitivity is more important than specificity Bias during the search is a one of the biggest threats to the review

3 77 Step 2-1: Previous searches Places to look Relevant reviews already found Search filters ISSG Reviews on overall topic: o Cochrane o PubmedHealth o Term collector o Evaluate and save

4 78 Search Filters: definition Search filter: set of terms to retrieve a particular type of article specific to database usually referring to methodology synonyms: hedges, optimal search strategies, quality filters, Clinical Queries Methodological search filters (main type) Examples of methodology Systematic reviews Randomized controlled trials Others Diagnostic test evaluation Observational studies Age related search filters Jenkins p153

5 79 Step 2-2: List databases Start with best/most relevant database Most of the time this is Medline But could be CINAHL or PsycINFO Then list others in order of relevance/size

6 80 Where to look Database list from previous searches List from standards Review bibliographic databases list Medline Ovid, Pubmed Started in 1950s 5200 journals 37 languages Embase Ovid Started in journals Over 7 million records not in Medline Cinahl Ebsco Started in journals

7 81 Evaluate the databases Scope: Journal title indexed Other Formats: theses/dissertations, books, research in progress Interface differences Updating schedule Consider reporting biases

8 82 2-3: Collect terms Look at Articles located in scoping search Related reviews found Previous searches Further help Medterm Search Assist Wikipedia Consider Articles in U. S. and outside for variations Variations between disciplines for the concept Historical changes

9 Step 2-4: Develop search 2-4.1) Select terms 2-4.2) Select limits 2-4.3) Review & modify 83

10 84 Cochrane standards Cochrane suggests that for each concept you combine keywords + thesaurus terms Researcher should help supply these Keywords All articles on that concept Thesaurus terms

11 85 Advanced searching techniques Remember to use as appropriate: Truncation & wildcards Wildcards Proximity searching Phrase searching Other punctuation Examples Computer$ adj2 addict$ Inform* within 2 consent

12 86 Document: Record keywords Add more terms to Tab 2-3 Include advanced search techniques These keywords will be searched in every database as close as possible Middle school Media obesity Preteen$ Media$ or movie$ or cinema$ Obesity or obes$ Adolescent$ Televis$ or tv$ overweight Teen$ Middle school student$ Advertis$ or commercial$ Internet$ or web$ or computer$ eating disorder$ Overeat$ Junior high school student$ Magazine$ or print ad Anorexia$ or bulemia$

13 87 Locate terms for each concept For each database you will search for thesaurus terms (when possible Explode when appropriate, check tree with researcher to make sure Verify scope note Take all subheadings, usually too limiting & not labeled well

14 88 Tips for Limits Limits depend on criteria Vary by database and interface Use carefully Separate each limit on different lines in case you need to undo a limit or want to report different numbers

15 89 Topic limits Choose topic limits carefully Be as specific as possible Check to see what articles are kicked out by the limit 1. Topic 1 terms 2. Topic 2 terms 3. Topic 3 terms 4. 1 and 2 and 3 5. Topics not wanted 6. 4 not 5 (articles wanted) 7. 4 not 6 (articles removed by limit)

16 90 Limiting to study type When to add: Depends on criteria If you add terms, limits, ect. Be sure to look at those that were left behind Always ok to leave off Search filters Search filters have been developed to help with this Search filter can refer to: o Limits within a database o Or specially designed filters

17 91 Years Years- should have a reason for time selected Could be that: Policy changed Last review was done 5 years ago New diagnosis was made Surveillance rules changed

18 92 Humans Not all articles about Humans are labeled Better to say NOT animals

19 93 Language Try to leave English for last to at least note how many are not be included Apply for grant money

20 94 Geography U. S. only is not an effective limit, need NOT out countries that will not be included Tip: In Medline, type in United States to see all geography tags

21 Cochrane search Workbook Page11-12 Structure of Cochrane search Cochrane example 95

22 96 What to look for Which articles are in? Which articles are out? Looking for groups of articles by topic Don t care about those in between In Out

23 97 Modify Add not s as appropriate Look at again Not trying to make the search smaller, but more efficient Tips Make sure that articles already known to be in are still retrieved by search Make the not s as specific as possible

24 Step 2-5: Peer Review Standard PRESS 98

25 99 Peer review PRESS: Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies Written by the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health Developed after analyzing 26 scales of search reports Consists of 7 questions Provided on tab 2-4

26 100 PRESS Checklist 1. Translation Is the search question translated well into search concepts? 2. Operators Are there any mistakes in the use of Boolean or proximity operators? 3. Subject headings Are any important subject headings missing? Have any irrelevant ones been included?

27 101 PRESS Checklist 4. Natural language Are any natural language terms or spelling variant missing? Have any irrelevant ones been included? Is truncation used optimally? 5. Spelling & syntax Does the search strategy have any spelling mistakes, system syntax errors, or wrong line numbers?

28 102 PRESS Checklist 6. Limits Do any of the limits used seem unwarranted? Are any potentially helpful limits missing? 7. Database adaptations Has the search strategy been adapted for each database to be searched?

29 Activity #2 Workbook page13 Review the case study main search Fill out the PRESS checklist 103

30 Step 2-6: Save & document Retrieve all Interface differences Document requirements Duplicates 104

31 105 Cochrane requirements Elements required for Cochrane review: Database name Database host Date of search Years covered Search terms Language restrictions Copy and paste search

32 106 Saving searches Save within databases Set up log ins for database whenever possible Tips record this on sheet Have researcher practice logging in If cannot save within database: Print Screen Within Excel spreadsheet

33 107 Duplicates Record # of duplicates Internal: duplicates within a database External: duplicate between databases Will be added together for flowchart

34 108 Rinse and repeat Keep all keywords the same Adapt thesaurus terms as possible Translate Keep keywords the same May need to change: Truncation Adjacency fields

35 109 Activity: Look at RIGOR