Chapter 3 Computer Software

Transcription

1 Chapter 3 Computer Software Learning Objectives LO3.1: Explain system software and operating systems LO3.2: Identify operating systems for desktop PCs LO3.3: Identify operating systems for handheld PCs and larger computers LO3.4: Describe common types of application software LO3.5: Describe application software used for business LO3.6: Describe application software used for working with multimedia LO3.7: Describe other types of application software CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 2 1

2 LO3.1: Introduction to System Software and Operating Systems Topics Covered: Functions of an Operating System Processing Techniques for Increased Efficiency Differences Among Operating Systems CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 3 Functions of an Operating System CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 4 2

3 Functions of an Operating System The operating system configures all devices connected to a computer. During the boot process, the essential portion, or core, of the operating system (called the kernel) is loaded into memory. CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 5 Functions of an Operating System Small programs called device drivers (or simply drivers) are used to communicate with peripheral devices, such as monitors, printers, and keyboards. Another important task that the operating system performs is file management, which involves keeping track of the files stored on a computer so that they can be retrieved when needed. CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 6 3

4 Processing Techniques for Increased Efficiency One way computers operate more efficiently is to multitask. Operating systems that support multithreading have the ability to rotate between multiple threads. If a computer has two or more CPUs, techniques that perform operations simultaneously are possible. Multiprocessing Parallel processing CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 7 Processing Techniques for Increased Efficiency CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 8 4

5 Processing Techniques for Increased Efficiency Another key function of the operating system is memory management, which involves optimizing the use of main memory (RAM). A buffer is an area in RAM or on the hard drive designated to hold input and output on their way into or out of the system. The process of placing items in a buffer so they can be retrieved by the appropriate device when needed is called spooling. CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 9 Processing Techniques for Increased Efficiency CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 10 5

6 Differences Among Operating Systems Most operating systems today use a graphical user interface (GUI), in which users can click icons or commands on the screen to issue instructions to the computer. The older DOS operating system and some versions of the UNIX and Linux operating systems use a command line interface, which requires users to type commands to issue instructions to the computer. CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 11 Differences Among Operating Systems Other types of Operating Systems: Personal operating systems (desktop operating systems) Server operating systems (network operating systems) Mobile operating systems Embedded operating systems CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 12 6

7 Differences Among Operating Systems CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 13 LO3.2: Operating Systems for Desktop PCs Topics Covered: DOS Windows Windows Server and Windows Home Server Mac OS and Mac OS X Server Unix Linux CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 14 7

8 DOS During the 1980s and early 1990s, DOS (Disk Operating System) was the dominant operating system for microcomputers. DOS traditionally used a command line interface, although newer versions of DOS support a menu-driven interface. DOS is not widely used with personal computers today because it does not utilize a graphical user interface and does not support modern processors and processing techniques. CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 15 DOS CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 16 8

9 Windows Microsoft created the original version of Windows(Windows 1.0) in 1985 in an effort to meet the needs of users frustrated by having to learn and use DOS commands. Other versions of Windows included: Windows 95 & Windows 98: GUI similar to Windows 3.x but supported multitasking, customization, etc. Windows NT: first 32-bit version of Windows Windows Vista: available in 32-bit and 64-bit versions Windows 7: newest version of Windows CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 17 Windows Server and Windows Home Server Windows Server is the version of Windows designed for server use. Windows Server 2008 includes: Internet Information Services 7.0, which is a powerful Web platform for Web applications and Web services Built-in virtualization technologies A variety of new security tools and enhancements Streamlined configuration and management tools CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 18 9

10 Mac OS and Mac OS X Server Mac OS is the proprietary operating system for computers made by Apple Inc. Mac OS X Server is the server version of Mac OS X. CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 19 UNIX UNIX was developed in the late 1960s at AT&T Bell Laboratories as an operating system for midrange servers. UNIX is a multiuser, multitasking operating system. Computer systems ranging from microcomputers to mainframes can run UNIX, and it can support a variety of devices from different manufacturers. CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 20 10

11 Linux Linux is an operating system developed by LinusTorvaldsin 1991 when he was a student at the University of Helsinki in Finland. Linux was released to the public as open source software; that is, a program whose source code is available to the public and can be modified to improve it or to customize it to a particular application. CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 21 Linux CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 22 11

12 LO3.3 Operating Systems for Handheld PCs and Larger Computer Topics Covered: Mobile and Embedded Versions of Windows Mobile Phone Operating Systems Operating Systems for Larger Computers CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 23 Mobile and Embedded Versions of Windows Windows Mobile is the version of Windows designed for mobile phones. Windows Embedded is a family of operating systems based on Windows that is designed primarily for consumer and industrial devices that are not personal computers, such as cash registers, digital photo frames, GPS devices, ATMs, medical devices, and robots. CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 24 12

13 Mobile Phone Operating Systems Android: Linux-based that supports multitasking iphoneos: designed for Apple mobile phones and mobile devices BlackBerry OS: designed for BlackBerry devices Palm OS: original operating system designed for Pam devices Palm webos: Linux-based, designed for next-generation Pam mobile phones Symbian OS: supports multithreading and multitasking Embedded Linux: an operating system alternative for mobile phones, GPS devices, portable digital media players, and other mobile devices CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 25 Operating Systems for Larger Computers Larger computer systems such as high-end servers, mainframes, and supercomputers sometimes use operating systems designed solely for that type of system. Larger computer systems may also use a customized operating system based on a conventional operating system. Such as AIX or UNICOS CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 26 13

14 LO3.4: Introduction to Application Software Topics Covered: Software Categories Desktop vs. Mobile Software Installed vs. Web-Based Software CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 27 Software Categories The four basic categories of software are: Commercial software Shareware Freeware Public Domain software Software that falls into any of these four categories can also be open source software programs whose source code is available to the public. CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 28 14

15 Software Categories CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 29 Software Categories CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 30 15

16 Desktop vs. Mobile Software Mobile phones and other mobile devices usually require mobile software; that is, software designed for a specific type of mobile phone or other mobile device. CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 31 Installed vs. Web-Based Software Installed software must be installed on a computer before it is run. CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 32 16

17 Installed vs. Web-Based Software Web-based software is run directly from the Internet. CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 33 LO3.5: Application Software for Business Sometimes, related software programs (such as a group of graphics programs, utility programs, or office-related software) are sold bundled together as asoftware suite. Typical office suites include the following programs: Word processing software Spreadsheet software Database software Presentation graphics software CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 34 17

18 LO3.5: Application Software for Business Topics Covered: Word Processing Concepts Spreadsheet Concepts Database Concepts Presentation Graphics Concepts CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 35 Word Processing Concepts Word processing refers to using a computer and word processing software to create, edit, save, and print written documents, such as letters, co tracts, manuscripts, newsletters, invoices, marketing materials, and reports. Word processing programs typically include improved collaboration, security, and rights-management tools (tools used to protect original content from misuse by others). CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 36 18

19 Spreadsheet Concepts Spreadsheet software is the type of application software used to create computerized spreadsheets. A spreadsheet is a group of values and other data organized into rows and columns, similar to the ruled paper worksheets traditionally used by book-keepers and accountants. Most spreadsheet programs have built-in Web capabilities. CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 37 Database Concepts A database is a collection of related data that is stored on a computer and organized in a manner that enables information to be retrieved as needed. A database management system (DBMS) also called database software is the type of program used to create, maintain, and organize data in a database, as well as to retrieve information from the database. CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 38 19

20 Presentation Graphics Concepts A presentation graphic is an image designed to visually enhance a presentation typically to convey information more easily to people. Electronic slide shows are created with presentation graphics software and can be run on individual computers or presented to a large group using a computer projector. CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 39 LO3.6: Application Software for Working with Multimedia Topics Covered: Graphics Software Audio Capture and Editing Software Video Editing and DVD Authoring Software Media Players Graphics, Multimedia, and the Web CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 40 20

21 Graphics Software Graphics software also called digital imaging soft-ware is used to create or modify images. Painting programs traditionally create bitmap images, which are created by coloring the individual pixels in an image. Drawing programs typically create vector graphics, which use mathematical formulas to represent image content instead of pixels. CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 41 Graphics Software CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 42 21

22 Audio Capture and Editing Software For creating and editing audio files, audio capture and audio editing software is used. To capture sound from a microphone, sound recorder software is used; to capture sound from a CD, ripping software is used. CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 43 Video Editing and DVD Authoring Software Digital video can be imported directly into a video editing program by connecting the camera to the computer or by inserting the storage media containing the video (such as a DVD) into the computer. DVD authoring refers to organizing content to be transferred to DVD, such as importing video clips and then creating the desired menu structure for the DVD to control the playback of those videos. CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 44 22

23 Video Editing and DVD Authoring Software CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 45 Media Players Media players are programs designed to play audio and video files available via your computer such as music CDs, downloaded music, or video streamed from the Internet. CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 46 23

24 Graphics, Multimedia, and the Web Graphics and multimedia software is often used by individuals and businesses alike to create Web sites or content to be shared or distributed via the Web. Games, tutorials, videos, demonstrations, and other multimedia content available on the Web are often created with multimedia software. CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 47 LO3.7: Other Types of Application Software Topics Covered: Desktop and Personal Publishing Software Educational, Entertainment, and Reference Software Note Taking Software and Web Notebooks CAD and Other Types of Design Software Accounting and Personal Finance Software Project Management, Collaboration, and Remote Access Software CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 48 24

25 Desktop and Personal Publishing Software Desktop publishing refers to using a personal computer to combine and manipulate text and images to create attractive documents that look as if they were created by a professional printer. CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 49 Educational, Entertainment, and Reference Software Educational software is designed to teach one or more skills, or to help prepare for standardized tests. Entertainment software includes games, simulations, and other pro- grams that provide amusement. Reference software includes encyclopedias, dictionaries, atlases, mapping/travel programs, cookbook programs, and other software designed to provide valuable information. CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 50 25

26 Note Taking Software and Web Notebooks Note taking software is used by both students and business people to take notes during class lectures, meetings, and similar settings. Web Notebooksare online versions of a note taking software program. CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 51 CAD and Other Types of Design Software Computer-aided design (CAD) software enables users to design objects on the computer. CAD is useful in fields such as art, advertising, law, architecture, and movie production. CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 52 26

27 Accounting and Personal Finance Software Accounting software is used to automate common accounting activities. Personal finance software is commonly used at home by individuals to write checks and balance checking accounts, track personal expenses, manage stock portfolios, and prepare income taxes. CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 53 Project Management, Collaboration, and Remote Access Software Project management software is used to plan, schedule, track, and analyze the tasks involved in a project. Project management capabilities are often included in collaboration software software that enables a group of individuals to work together on a project and are increasingly available as Web-based software programs. Remote access software enables individuals to access content on another computer they are authorized to access, via the Internet. To make it easier to share single large files with others, you can use Web-based file sending applications. CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 54 27

28 Project Management, Collaboration, and Remote Access Software CMPTR Chapter 3: Computer Software 55 28