Technology in Action

Transcription

1 Technology in Action Chapter 5 Using System Software: The Operating System, Utility Programs, and File Management Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1

2 System Software: The OS Controls computer functions Hardware Processor Memory Devices Provides means for software to work with the CPU Responsible for management, scheduling, and interaction of tasks Provides user interface Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 2

3 System Software: Utilities Utilities: Small programs that perform helpful computer housekeeping tasks Manage system resources Improve efficiency Virus prevention Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3

4 Operating System Categories Four categories: Real-time (RTOS) Single-user, single-task Single-user, multitask Multiuser Samples of each follow: Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4

5 Real-Time Operating Systems Systems with a specific purpose and a certain result Response time-- ASAP Uses include: Industrial machines Robotic devices Automobiles Video game consoles Home appliances Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 5

6 Single-User Operating Systems Single-task systems Perform one task at a time PDAs: Pocket PC Palm OS Windows Mobile MS-DOS Multitask systems Perform simultaneous tasks Windows Mac OS Linux Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6

7 Multiuser Operating Systems Known as network operating systems Allow access to the computer system by more than one user Manage user requests Systems include: Unix, Linux Windows, Mac OS Unicos (Cray Unix) Windows Server 2008 Windows Vista Mac OS X i5/os(ibm AS400 OS) z/os (IBM mainframe OS) Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 7

8 Desktop and Notebook Operating Systems An operating system combined with a processor is known as a platform. Microsoft Windows/Intel Apple Macintosh/Motorola/Intel Desktop and notebook operating systems include: Microsoft Windows Mac OS Linux UNIX Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 8

9 Microsoft Windows Windows Vista (2007) Windows 7 (2009) This newest version of Windows, which comes in many versions, provides tighter security and improved graphical capabilities. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9

10 First commercially available OS with point-and-click technology (graphical user interface) Xerox Star 1981 Excellent in: Graphics display Processing capabilities System reliability File backup utilities Document recovery Fewer software applications available than for Windows /Intel Mac OS Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 10

11 Linux (Linus Thorvalds) Open source (modifiable) operating system Based on UNIX Stable system Free May be downloaded from the Internet Red Hat, Mandrake, Debian, SuSE, Slackware Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 11

12 Operating Systems for Servers, Minicomputers, Mainframes, Supercomputers Servers Manage network resources Minicomputers hundreds of users Mainframes thousands of users Supercomputers many users, fastest calculations Operating systems: Windows Server Unix Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 12

13 UNIX Multiuser, multitask operating system Used primarily with mainframes Developed at Bell Labs in 1971 by Ritchie and Thompson (also created C). Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 13

14 What the OS Does: it is in control of the computer Provides a user interface Manages the CPU Manages memory and storage Manages hardware and peripheral devices Coordinates application software with the CPU Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 14

15 The User Interface Enables you to interact with the computer Types of interfaces: Command-driven interface Menu-driven interface Graphical user interface (GUI) Command-driven Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 15

16 Processor Management Controls the timing of events the processor works on Interrupts Interrupt handler Interrupt table Stack Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 16

17 Memory and Storage Management The operating system allocates space in RAM for instructions and data. RAM Operating System Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 17

18 Virtual Memory Instructions and data are stored on the hard drive when RAM is full. Swap file Paging Thrashing Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 18

19 Hardware and Peripheral Device drivers Device Management Programs that enable the operating system to communicate with peripheral devices Provided by the manufacturer of the device Plug and Play Hardware and software standard Facilitates the installation of new hardware Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 19

20 Software Application Coordination Application programming interfaces (APIs) Blocks of code contained in the operating system Coordinate the operating system with software applications Similar toolbars and menus Microsoft DirectX improved graphics and sound (Direct3D, DirectDraw, DirectMusic, DirectPlay, DirectSound)--XBOX Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 20

21 Starting the Computer The Boot Process Step 1: The basic input/output system (BIOS) is activated. Step 2: A power-on self-test (POST) checks attached hardware. Step 3: The operating system loads into RAM. Step 4: Configuration and customization settings are checked. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 21

22 Safe mode Windows does not boot properly Try rebooting Uninstall any new devices or software Handling Errors in the Boot Process Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 22

23 The Desktop Gadgets Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 23

24 Windows Title bar Close button Minimize button Ribbon Maximize/Restore button Scrollbar Document view options Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 24

25 File Management The operating system provides an organizational structure for the computer s contents. Hierarchical structure of directories: Drives C: is hard drive A: or B: is floppy D: is usually CD or DVD drive E and above thumb drives Folders Subfolders» Files Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 25

26 File Management Files and folders inside MGT 111 Spring folder MGT 111 Spring folder selected Folders presented in a hierarchical structure Navigation pane with links to favorite folders Click to display the Searches Folder Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 26

27 Viewing and Sorting Files and Folders Flip 3D Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 27

28 Details view Viewing and Sorting Files and Folders Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 28

29 Viewing and Sorting Files and Folders Large Icon view Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 29

30 Viewing and Sorting Files and Folders Other views available: Tiles view List view Small and Medium Icons views Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 30

31 Naming Files Filename: Name assigned plus filename extension Characters not legal in Windows filenames: / \ *? < > : (pipe) Character not legal in Mac filenames: : Bioreport.docx or Bio report.docx Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 31

32 Filename Extensions Extension Type of Document Application.doc Word-processing document Microsoft Word 2003.docx Word-processing document Microsoft Word 2007 document.wpd Word-processing document Corel WordPerfect.xlsx Spreadsheet Microsoft Excel 2007 workbook.accdb Database Microsoft Access 2007.pptx.pdf.rtf.txt PowerPoint presentation Portable Document Format Text Text Microsoft PowerPoint 2007 presentation Adobe Acrobat or Adobe Reader Any program that can read text documents Any program that can read text documents Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 32

33 Filename Extensions (cont.) Extension Type of Document Application.htm or.html.jpg.gif Web page Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) image Graphic Interchange Format (GIF) image Any program that can read HTML Most programs capable of displaying images Most programs capable of displaying images.bmp Bitmap image Windows.zip Compressed file WinZip Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 33

34 File Path File path: Location of the file Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 34

35 Working with Files File management actions: Open Copy Move Rename Delete Recycle Bin Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 35

36 Utility Programs Small programs that perform special functions: Manage system resources Create a pleasant environment Improve efficiency Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 36

37 Display Utilities Change the appearance of: Desktop Windows colors Font sizes Include: Screen savers Screen resolution Clear Type (smooth edges, easier read) Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 37

38 Add or Remove Programs Installation wizard Uninstall wizard: Programs cannot simply be deleted Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 38

39 File Compression Utilities Reduce the size of a file Take out redundancies Make it easier and faster to send files over the Internet Generally, repeated patterns are replaced with a shorter placeholder The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 39

40 System Maintenance Utilities Disk Cleanup: Cleans unnecessary files Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 40

41 System Maintenance Utilities Disk defragmenter reorganize files to reduce fragmentation ScanDisk: Error checker Fix disk errors Task Manager terminate program that is frozen or give lower priority Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 41

42 System Restore Restores system settings back to a specific date when everything worked OK. Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 42

43 Backup System Backup Creates a copy of files from hard drive to another storage device Task Scheduler Runs selected utilities, automatically updates Windows or Viruschecker Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 43

44 Accessibility Utilities Ease of Access Center Centralized location for assistive technology Examples: High contrast Magnifier On-screen keyboard Windows speech recognition Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 44