2015 APMP TC Initiative Project

Transcription

1 015 APMP TC Initiative Project - Research on the Uncertainty Evaluation and Inter-comparison of 3D Pitot Tubes for Measuring Greenhouse Gas Emission Speaker: Chun-Min Su Participants: CMS: Hsin-Hung Lee, Chun-Min Su NMI: Liang Zhang, Chi Wang KRISS: Woong Kang, Yong Moon Choi NIST: Iosif I. Shinder APMP 015, Beijing, China, Nov. 3, 015

2 Contents Introduction Synergy of Research Topics and NMIs Current Progress Activities of the Project Members Outcomes of the Project Conclusions

3 Introduction Technical challenges Swirl and inhomogeneous flow Complicated compositions Location of measurements Calibration of instruments Where on earth are you most likely to die early from air pollution? Stationary Source Emissions in air quality terminology is any fixed emitter of air pollutants, such as fossil fuel burning power plants, petroleum refineries, petrochemical plants, food processing plants and other heavy industrial sources Cited from Airflow Sciences Corporation

4 Synergy of Research Topics and NMIs 014 Pitot tube characterization Calibration method Calibration facility Uncertainty evaluation L type (NIM S type (KRISS DAT type (NIST Omni type(cms Nulling (NIST Non-nulling (CMS Traverse stage (NIST, CMS Stack simulator (NIST CEMS (KRISS 015 DAT type - CMS - KRISS - NIM - NIST Nulling - CMS,KRISS,NIST Non-nulling - CMS,NIST Traverse stage - CMS,KRISS, NIM,NIST Stack simulator - NIM,NIST CEMS - KRISS Wind tunnel - NIST 014 TCI Project: Research on the Calibration of 3D Pitot Tubes and Flow Measurements of Greenhouse Gas Emissions 015 TCI Project: Research on the Uncertainty Evaluation and Inter-comparison of 3D Pitot Tubes for Measuring Greenhouse Gas Emission

5 Current progress (1 - General-purpose traverse stage for pitot tube calibration

6 Restoration mechanism Pitch/Yaw angle adjustment (-40 to 40 / -90 to 90 degrees Rotation adjustment

7 Calibration Facilities - Angle measurements 3D Coordinate Measuring Machine

8 Angle adjustment and calibration Evaluation of the intersection of center lines

9 3D pitot tubes - Instrument used for inter-comparison Model: DAT type; Manufacturer: Airflow Sciences Corporation A detachable probe selected for fitting each traverse stage and test section Pressure data acquisition system complied to EPA method

10 Current progress ( - Uncertainty evaluation of stack flow rate by 3-dimensional probe Volumetric flow rate in the stack with 3-dimentsional probes (U.S.EPA Method F Q = Tstd Ps Vavg A (1- T P s std X w Q : dry volume flowrate at stack (m 3 /min V avg : average velocity (m/min A : cross-section area of the stack T s : average temperature of the stack gas (K T std : temperature of standard condition (73.15 K P s : average absolute pressure of the stack gas (mmhg P std : absolute pressure of standard condition (760 mmhg X w : moisture content of the stack gas (%

11 Uncertainty evaluation of volumetric flow rate in the stack Current progress ( - Uncertainty evaluation of stack flow rate by 3-dimensional probe X (1 P P T T A V Q w std s s std avg - = X (1 u c P ( u c (T u c A ( u c (V u c ( Q u w X 1 ( s P s T A avg V c w s s avg = Law of uncertainty propagation and Sensitivity coefficients X (1 Q,C P Q,C T Q,C A Q,C V Q C w X 1 ( s P s T A avg V w s s - - avg = = = = = Combined standard uncertainty equation with relative form of volume flowrate w w s s s s avg avg c X (1 X (1 u T (T u P P ( u A A ( u V (V u Q ( Q u =

12 Current progress ( - Determination of stack gas velocity with 3 dimensional probe Stack gas velocity by yaw nulling procedure (U.S.EPA Method F K: Conversion factor (constant F : 3D probe velocity calibration coefficient P1-P : Velocity head differential pressure θ yaw : yaw angle from inclinometer sensor θ pitch : pitch angle from F1 from calibration Yaw angle inclinometer for nulling (P =P 3 Z P4 P5(Pitch angle Pitch X angle(θpitch P (Yaw angle P3 P1(Total Pressure Y Yaw angle(θ yaw

13 Current progress ( - Determination of stack gas velocity with 3 dimensional probe Stack gas velocity by yaw nulling procedure (U.S.EPA Method F F 1 = (P 4 P 5 (P 1 P F 1 Calibration results F Calibration results

14 Uncertainty evaluation of stack gas velocity Current progress ( - Uncertainty evaluation of stack flow rate by 3-dimensional probe Law of uncertainty propagation and Sensitivity coefficients Combined standard uncertainty equation with relative form of volume flowrate pitch pitch yaw yqw s s s s 1 1 avg c (cosθ (cosθ u (cosθ (cosθ u T (T u 4 1 P P ( u 4 1 P P ( P P ( u 4 1 F F ( u V (V u =

15 Prism-shaped DAT type 3D Probe according to US EPA Method F Diameter = 1/4, length = 0, 5 holes for comparison with other types of 3D Pitot tubes Conduct calibration at KRISS, NIST and CMS wind tunnels Investigate characteristics of yaw and pitch angle effects at KRISS wind tunnel Uncertainty analysis of calibration process and coefficients P5(Pitch angle Y P4 Current progress ( - Inter-comparison of 3-Dimensional probe for stack gas velocity Z Flow Yaw Pitch X P1(Total Pressure P3 P (Yaw angle NIST Wind Tunnel - Test section : 1.5m 1.m up to 75 m/s CMS Wind tunnel - Open type test section up to 5 m/s KRISS Wind tunnel -Test section : 0.9m 0.9m up to 15 m/s

16 Current progress ( - Calibration of Prism-Shaped DAT Probe at KRISS Calibration procedure and ranges Nulling calibration procedure according to US EPA method F Pitch angle : -0 to 0 with interval 5 (Resolution 1 Yaw angle : nulling method (-3 to 3 Velocity : 5, 10, 15 (Re d =,100 to 1,600

17 Current progress ( - Calibration of Prism-Shaped DAT Probe at KRISS Experimental Set-up Calibrated KRISS s Standard Pitot tube as Reference velocity Simultaneous measurements in the uniform velocity profile area Comparison F 1 and F calibration results with NIST Humidity sensor Rotating Device Standard Pitot-tube Static pressure Sensor 0.9m Temperature Sensor Prism shape DAT Probe 0.9m Pressure way valve

18 Current progress ( - Comparison F 1 and F calibration results with NIST Calibration Results Pitch angle calibration curve (versus pitch angle F 1 = (P 4 P 5 (P 1 P

19 Current progress ( - Comparison F 1 and F calibration results with NIST Calibration Results Pitch angle calibration curve (versus pitch angle

20 Current progress ( - Comparison F 1 and F calibration results with NIST Calibration Results Velocity calibration curve (versus pitch angle F = C P P std (P 1 P 3 C p : Reference Pitot tube Coefficients P std : Reference Pitot differential Pressure

21 Current progress ( - Comparison F 1 and F calibration results with NIST Calibration Results Velocity calibration curve (versus pitch angle

22 Current progress (3 - Automated 3D Pitot Tube Calibration Rig (013 Yaw Angle (around Y Pitch Angle (around Z, arc approximated using X and Y stages 3D Conic Probe Z Y X D S-Probe

23 S-Probe, (used in EPA protocol Calibration Factor is a Function of 4 variables 1. Air speed. Pitch angle 3. Yaw angle 4. Turbulence intensity EPA protocol assumes calibration factor = 0.84 (literature shows small, linear dependence on air speed 3

24 EPA Method : S-Probe Calibration Calibration data for one probe; others might be different.

25 P P S-probe Pitot S-Probe response in steps 10 m/s; 0 pitch 0 Yaw 90 Yaw Yaw, [degree]

26 NIST Calibration of S-Probe Flow: 10 m/s, turbulence intensity < 0.5% P P S-probe Pitot Magnify 0 and 90 pitch angle - 30 o - 0 o - 10 o yaw angle, degrees 0 o -10 o -0 o -30 o

27 ± 5 yaw ~8% cal uncertainty S-Probe (used for CEM per EPA protocol flow: 10 m/s, turbulence intensity < 0.5% 3 zeros ± 5 yaw uncertainty yaw angle, degrees pitch angle 0 o yaw angle, degrees

28 S-Probe (used for CEM per EPA protocol Flow: 10 m/s, turbulence intensity < 0.5% Calibration depends upon pitch angle pitch angle - 30 o - 0 o - 10 o 0 o -10 o -0 o -30 o yaw angle, degrees yaw angle, degrees

29 Smoke Stack Simulator of NIM Current progress (4 - Smokestack Simulator of NIM China

30 Smoke Stack Simulator of NIM

31 Components Smoke Stack Simulator Axial Fan Test Section Tubulence & Swirl Generator Reference Section Expansion & Contraction

32 Primary Standard Dual LDA Primary Standard DN800 (31.5Inch

33 LDA Velocity Area Method 3D LDA Boundary Layer LDA 1D LDA 1D LDA

34 Pitot Tube Calibration Section Tubulence Generator Pitot Tube Calibration Section Yaw Angle Pitot Tube Pitch Angle

35 USM Working Standard Working Standard: DN800 8-Path Flowsic600 Ultrasonic Flowmeter

36 Test Section Yaw Yaw Swirl & Turbulance Generator 8-Path Flowsic100 Ultrasonic Flowmeter Pitot Tube DN1000 Circular Pipe Test Section 1*0.7m Rectangular Pipe DN700 Circular Pipe

37 Completion Time: November 015

38 Activities among Project Members International Symposium on Fluid Flow Measurement (ISFFM April 14-17, 015

39 Publications Achievements of the Project 1. Performance Evaluation of Ultrasonic Flow Meters in NIST s Smokestack Simulator Using CFD. Mechanism Analysis and Estimation Tool of Flow Error Due to Disturbed Flow Filed for Multipath Ultrasonic 3. Uncertainty Analysis of Stack Gas Flowrate Measurement with the S-Type Pitot Tube for Estimating Greenhouse Gases Emission 4. NIST s New 3D Airspeed Calibration Rig Addresses Turbulent Flow Measurement Challenges 5. Automated 3D Traverse System Design and Pitot Tubes Calibration in the Wind Tunnel Knowledge dissemination/exchange Workshop: Measurement Challenges and Metrology for Monitoring CO Emissions from Smokestacks (April 0-1, 015

40 Conclusion Through the collaboration, Four kinds of Pitot tubes (L, S, DAT, Omni have been studied and traverse stages applied to open-/close-loop wind tunnel are also developed accordingly Studies in pressure data processing techniques (nulling, nonnulling are initiated Uncertainty evaluation would be more concrete due to close technical exchange Deeper understanding would be attained through inter-comparison, leading eventually to improved measurement capability of NMIs Most importantly, Research alliance has been consolidated and friendship among NMIs is strengthened more than ever before

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