Introduction Surface Water Modeling System (SMS) & Case Study using SMS 2D Modeling Software
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1 A.D. Latornell Conservation Symposium November 18, 2015 Introduction Surface Water Modeling System (SMS) & Case Study using SMS 2D Modeling Software Dr. Bahar SM P.Geo.(Ltd), P Eng 1
2 Topics Education, Knowledge & Experience on Modeling Introduction of SMS & its Hydraulic Modeling Features 1D & 2D Model Integrating/Coupling Dam Break & Flood Hazard Analysis, SMS 2D Modeling Cost & Benefit of SMS Software 2
3 Modeling Education & Experience M. Sc.: Physical Modeling Experiment Ph. D.: 2D Hydrodynamic Model Code, FORTRAN Post Doc: 2D Coupled Hydrodynamic & Sediment Transport Model Code, FORTRAN 3
4 Flow PHYSICAL MODEL EXPERIMENT Bank Model of 11.5 Hours 50cm NWS Eroded bank 10cm 11.5 hours model 10cm 45cm UWS Eroded bank 6cm 25cm Cross-section near NWS eroded bank 15cm 8cm 14cm 6cm NWS Eroded bank 3cm UWS Eroded bank 3cm 25cm 11cm Cross-section near UWS eroded bank Experimental conditions Upstream-eroded surface angle(degrees) NWS UWS Erosion length (cm) Flow rate (l/s) Case E Case E
5 2-D model b t t u h u h H gh r h u u r h u u u u h u u h u u t h u 2 b t t u h u h H gh r h u u r h u u u u h u u h u u t h u 2 Governing equations of 2-D numerical model: Continuity equation: Momentum equation in direction: Momentum equation in direction: t uh 6 * b g nu u u h b g nu u u h Eddy viscosity coefficient: Bed shear stresses: 0 r h u r h u h u h u t h 2-D NUMERICAL ANALYSIS CHAPTER 4.2 Near-water-surface Model bank 41
6 Water depth, cm Transverse distance, cm Eroded bank B 2-D COMPUTED AND MEASURED FLOW FIELDS, CASE E-1 Case E-1 computed Longitudinal distribution of water depth Near-water-surface eroded bank Flow Under-water-surface eroded bank Near-water-surface eroded bank 30(cm/s) Near-water-surface eroded bank 30(cm/s) Longitudinal distance, cm Depth averaged velocity vector Under-water-surface eroded bank Under-water-surface eroded bank Longitudinal distance, cm O Exp. Case E-1 Cal. Case E-1 Exp. Case E-1 Cal. Case E Depth averaged velocity, cm/s At 184cm distance Expt. Case E-1 Cal. Case E At 208cm distance Expt. Case E-1 Cal. Case E At 248cm distance Expt. Case E-1 Cal. Case E Cross section, cm Depth averaged cross-sectional velocity
7 q Qs SEDIMENT TRANSPORT MODELING s C U q s q sb q Bagnold s Formula for Bed load h / 0 h C. z h 0 z z m 2.5ws / u C m ss cr s 1 q s =Total sediment transport rate q sb =Bed load rate q ss =Suspended load rate Cudz Einstein-Rouse Formula for Suspended load van Rijn Expressions for Sediment Concentration near bed C =Suspended sediment concentration C =Suspended sediment concentration near bed 0 =Bed shear stress ( 0 ) cr =Critical bed shear stress '=Dimensionless coefficient D ( 1) 0.5 7
8 Modeling Education & Experience Hydrologic Model: HEC-HMS, VO2, PCSWMM, SWMM, HSPF, GAWSER, MIKE SHE, MIKE 11 NAM 1D Hydraulic Model: HEC-RAS, MIKE 11, PCSWMM, SWMM5, SWMM 2D Hydraulic Model: HEC-RAS 2D, TUFLOW, SRH2D, MIKE 21, RMA2, DELFT3D, FESWMS, ADCIRC, STWAVE 8
9 Introduction of SMS 9
10 Introduction of SMS Initially developed at Brigham Young University (1980) Environmental Modeling Research Laboratory or EMRL Funded by US Army Corps of Engineers In April 2007, EMRL team became private as Aquaveo 8,000 Users from Consulting, University & Government Agency Over 60 Countries World Wide The Largest # of Users after HEC-RAS 10
11 11
12 12
13 SMS Features & Modules Mesh Module Cartesian Grid Module Scatter Module Map Module GIS Module 1D Grid Module Particle Module Raster Module Annotation Module 13
14 SMS Features & Modules 14
15 SMS Feature: Map Module Create Conceptual Model Define Model Domain Create Line, Vertex & Node Create Polygon to Define Main Channel & Floodplain Select Mesh Type (Patch, Paving) Assign Boundary Conditions Define Bridge & Culvert Modeling Dimensions & Parameters Assign Manning s n Values Observation/Monitoring Line 15
16 SMS Feature: Scatter Module Import ASCII text file Open GIS Shape & Raster Files Define Model Topography/Bathymetry Edit & Delete Data Combine/Merge Different Data Interpolate Topography/Bathymetry to Mesh Node/Grid Export/Import XYZ data 16
17 SMS Feature: GIS Module Online Map Stream Cross-Section Shape File Stream Network Shape File GIS Orthophoto Online Map & Topo Data 17
18 SMS Feature: GIS Module 18
19 SMS Feature: GIS Module 19
20 SMS Feature: GIS Module Manning s n from Land Use Data 20
21 SMS Feature: Mesh Module 21
22 SMS Feature: Data Analysis 22
23 SMS Feature: Export Flood Map to GIS 23
24 SMS Feature: Export Flood Map to GIS 24
25 SMS Feature: Export Flood Map to GIS Imported Flood Map Shape File 25
26 SMS Animation 26
27 FESWMS Model Results: Jetty Operation FLOW TRACE PERMEABLE JETTY
28 Modeling with SMS Riverine & Flood Modeling: ADH, SRH2D, TUFLOW (1D/2D), TUFLOW AD, TUFLOW FV, HYDRO_AS-2D, RiverFlow2D, RMA2, RMA4, FESWMS, PTM Coastal Modeling: ADCIRC, STWAVE, CGWAVE, CMS Flow, CMS Wave, BOUSS-2D, TUFLOW (1D/2D), TUFLOW AD, TUFLOW FV, GENCADE, WAM, PTM FEMA APPROVED MODELS 28
29 SMS Users Coastal & Hydraulic Laboratory, US Army Corps of Engineers 29
30 1D & 2D Model Integrating/Coupling 30
31 COMPARISON 1D & 2D MODEL GRID (Plan View) 31
32 COMPARISON 2D MODEL & PCSWMM GRID (Plan View) 32
33 No Need of Coupling 1D and 2D Models 2D Model Boundary Conditions Wall Boundary Condition Upstream Boundary Condition Should be NO ARTIFICAL FORCING inside the Model domain Downstream Boundary Condition Wall Boundary Condition
34 No Need of Coupling 1D and 2D Models 2D Model Boundary Conditions Wall Boundary Condition Upstream Boundary Condition Should be NO ARTIFICAL FORCING inside the Model domain Downstream Boundary Condition Wall Boundary Condition
35 Coupling 1D & 2D Models: A Flout Method 2D Velocity Distribution & Vector 1D HEC-RAS & SMS SRH2D 20m Interval of 1D Cross-Section 20cm-30cm Grid Size of 2D Model
36 Coupling 1D & 2D Models: A Flout Method 2 Dimensional Flow Trace
37 Coupling 1D & 2D Models: A Flout Method
38 Coupling 1D & 2D Models: A Flout Method
39 Coupling 1D & 2D Models: A Flout Method
40 Interpolate Cross-Section Data Interpolated Bathymetry
41 Use Just 1D or 2D Model: But not 1D-2D Couple Interpolate XS data, if Bathymetry is Missing 1D Model Should be Completely 1D, but Less Accurate 1D & 2D Coupling is Complex, Tedious & Time Consuming Does not give any Benefit, but Instability & Potential Inaccuracy 2D Model Should be Completely 2D Full 2D Model is Easier, Faster & More Accurate
42 Case Study Tottenham Dam Break Flood Hazard Using SMS & SRH2D 42
43 Developing 2D Model using SMS 43
44 Developing 2D Model using SMS Free SRH-2D: US Bureau of Reclamation Software 2D depth-averaged dynamic wave equations Steady state or unsteady flows An implicit scheme stable model Mixed Structured and unstructured Grid Do Not Worry about Mesh Quality All flow regimes, i.e., Subcritical, Transcritical, and Supercritical Flows, may be simulated simultaneously without the need for special treatments Robust and seamless Wetting-Drying algorithm Hydraulic, Sediment Transport, Temperature & Vegetation. 44
45 SRH2D Hydraulic Structure Modeling 1D Bridge & Culvert 1D Weir Structure 1D Gate Control Structure 2D Bridge & Culvert 2D Pier & Obstruction Modeling 1D & 2D Pressure Flow for Bridge & Culvert 45
46 SRH2D : 1D Culvert using HY8 46
47 SRH2D : 1D Culvert using HY8 7m Long & 0.7m Dia Culvert 25m Long & 0.7m Dia Culvert 45m Long & 0.7m Dia Culvert 47
48 SRH2D : 2D Bridge Modeling Pressure Flow Free Surface Flow Drag Obstruction 48
49 SRH2D : 2D Bridge Modeling 49 Drag / Obstruction Pressure Flow Drag / Obstruction
50 SRH2D : 2D Bridge Modeling 50
51 SRH2D : 2D Bridge Velocity Vector No Bridge Bridge with Pressure Bridge with Drag Bridge with Drag & Pressure 51
52 SRH2D : 2D Bridge Modeling 2D Momentum & Continuity Equations 2D Pier & Obstruction Modeling 2D Gridded Pressure Flow within Bridge & Culvert 52
53 Tottenham Dam Break 53
54 Tottenham Dam Break 54
55 Tottenham Dam Break Beeton Creek about 12 km Long Unsteady Model Timmins Storm Dam Break Hydrograph Peak flows for 10 inflow Tributaries Two 1D Culverts & Ten 2D Bridges Mixted Structured & Unstructured Grid 93,815 Elements 55
56 Tottenham Dam Break 56
57 Tottenham Dam Break 57
58 Tottenham Dam Break: Land Use 58
59 Tottenham Dam Break: Manning s n 59
60 Scatter 20m DEM data 60
61 Scatter Channel Breakline Data 61
62 Combined 20m DEM & Channel Breakline Data 62
63 Mesh with Combined Topo Data Interpolated Mesh Elevation 63
64 Tottenham Dam Break: Water Surface Elevation 9th Bee, e Lin ton 64
65 Tottenham Dam Break: Velocity 65 9th Line, Beeton
66 Tottenham Dam Break: Bed Shear Stress 9th Line, Beeton 66
67 Tottenham Dam Break: Froude Number 9th Line, Beeton 67
68 Tottenham Dam Break: Water Depth 9th Bee, e Lin ton 68
69 Tottenham Dam Break: Velocity X Depth 9th Line, Beeton 69
70 Cost of Hydraulic Modeling Free HEC-RAS + $10-15k ArcGIS + $150 / Hour + More Time Software Price + Software Maintenance + Technical Assistance + Time to Develop a Model $3.5k SMS $500 Maintenance $20-30k DHI + $10k Annual Fee + $150 / Hour + More Time 70
71 Benefits of using SMS 2D Model Cheap Software Because of its Private & Public Partnership Complete Software for Hydraulic, Flood Hazard & Mapping SMS is User Friendly 2D Modeling is Easier, Faster & Stable Hydraulic Modeller (HEC-RAS) can Learn it very Quickly Remove Misconception of 2D Modeling Difficulty Aquaveo Provide Technical Support ( ) We Provide Training & Technical Support 71
72 Thank You! Contact: Dr. Bahar SM P.Geo.(Ltd), P Eng Phone: , bahar@ahydtech.ca
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