The MATLAB 5 Handbook

Transcription

1 The MATLAB 5 Handbook

2 Springer New York Berlin Heidelberg Barcelona Budapest Hong Kong London Milan Paris Singapore Tokyo

3 Darren Redfern Colin Campbell The MATLAB 5 Handbook Springer

4 Darren Redfern Practical Approach Corporation 151 Frobisher Drive, Suite C-21O Waterloo, ON N2V 2C9 Canada Colin Campbell Infonnation Systems and Technology University of Waterloo Waterloo, ON N2L 3G 1 Canada Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Redfern, Darren. The MATLAB 5 Handbook / [Darren Redfern, Colin CampbellJ. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. I. MATLAB. 2. Numerical analysis-data processing. I. Campbell, Colin, II. Title. QA297.R '0285'53-dc Printed on acid-free paper. MATLAB is a registered trademark of the Mathworks, Inc Springer-Verlag New York, Inc. Softcover reprint of the hardcover lst edition 1998 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, etc., in this publication, even if the former are not especially identified, is not to be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by the Trade Marks and Merchandise Marks Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone. Production managed by Anthony K. Guardiola; manufacturing supervised by Joe Quatela. Photocomposed copy prepared from the authors' LaTeX files I ISBN-13: DOl: lo.1007/ e-isbn-13:

5 Contents List of Tables List of Figures Vll viii Introduction 1 MATLAB Quick Start 5 Linear Equations 21 Sparse Matrices 42 N on-linear Equations 76 Optimization 85 Integration and Differentiation 100 Ordinary Differential Equations 105 Mathematical Functions and Operators 122 Symbolic Computations 149 Graphing Points and Curves 163 Graphing Surfaces and Volumes 197 Animation 233 Graphics Properties 246 Graphical User-Interface Functions 328

6 vi Contents Programming in MATLAB 368 File Input/Output 408 Debugging MATLAB Programs 426 Advanced Data Structures 437 Object-Oriented Programming 446 Miscellaneous 458 MATLAB Resources 476 Index 479

7 List of Tables 1 Properties of Graphic Elements in Example Properties of Graphic Elements in Example, continued Properties of Graphic Elements in Example, continued Properties of Graphic Elements in Example, continued Properties of Graphic Elements in Example, continued Properties of Graphic Elements in Example, continued Properties of Graphic Elements in Example, continued Properties of Graphic Elements in Example, continued Alternate Commands for Changing Property Values Default units for objects 'PaperType's and their sizes (in Portrait orientation)..283

8 List of Figures 1 Plot of quadratic Plot of para.dat - column 2 vs. column 1 3 Plot of para.dat with best fit quadratic. 4 Plot of baseball supply and demand model 5 Plot of house rotated by 60 four times.. 6 Comparison of CPU time to solve Ax = b (for tridiagonal A) in full versus sparse storage modes, for various sizes of n. 7 Plot of a simple polynomial Plot of lacrosse ball supply and demand model. 9 Plot of lacrosse ball surplus Surface plots of spring-mass-damper system 11 Contour plot of spring-mass-damper system 12 Plot of a simple polynomial Plot of a paraboloid Plot of a paraboloid, with one constraint 15 Plot of lacrosse ball Transportation. 16 Solution to ODE computed by ode23 17 Solution to ODE computed by ode45 18 Spring-mass-damper system Analytic solution to 2nd-order spring-mass-damper problem 20 Numeric solution to 2nd-order spring-mass-damper problem 21 Sample starting points for BVP form of spring-mass-damper problem Numeric solution to BVP form of spring-mass-damper problem 23 Plot of sin (x) Plot of sin (x) and cos (x).. 25 Plot of sin (x) and cos (x), with axis labels, title, legend and grid lines

9 List of Figures ix 26 Plot of sin (x) with dashed line between points, and cos (x) with circle marker at points Available line styles and markers Plot of cos (x) and sin (x) with both markers and line styles. 29 Plot of sin (x) and cos (x), varying line width and marker size 30 Sample plot using 2 shades of gray 31 Four typical viewpoints Plotting a function using fplot Four combinations of linear and logarithmic axes 34 3-D plot with logarithmic z-axis Polar plot of r = () and r = 5 cos (()) Polar plot using regular linear axes.. 37 Spherical plot produced using plot3 on cartesian axes 38 Sample data and histogram Histogram with bins of non-uniform width. 40 "Rose plot" - polar histogram Using fill to shade a histogram Plotting complex matrix elements using compass, feather, and quiver Plotting a complex 3 x 2 matrix using quiver.. 44 Plotting points on surface z(x, y) using plot3 45 Plotting mesh surface through z(x, y) using mesh 46 Plotting contours below mesh surfaces using meshc, and plotting vertical lines around surfaces using meshz.. 47 Omitting mesh lines in one direction using waterfall 48 Plotting matrices using 'YDir', 'normal/reverse' Visualizing the complex numbers in the matrix we wish to pass to mesh Mesh plot of matrix after "zeroing-out" complex elements 51 Mesh plot of matrix after replacing complex elements with NaN 52 Mesh plot of matrix defined over polar grid Plot of (x, y, z) points, where (x, y) points are irregularly distributed Mesh plot of interpolated (XI, YI, 21) points on grid, above original irregularly distributed (x, y) points Surface plots of (x, y, z) points defined on: (1) a coarse grid, and (2) a finer grid

10 x List of Figures 56 Surface plots of (x, y, z) points, varying the shading to be proportional to: (1) X + Y, and (2) aos(z) Plotting contours below shaded surface using surfc Plotting contours through surface defined by X, Y, and Z. 59 Contours labels Contours lines at specific z-values (labelled) 61 Contours lines at specific z-values, plotted in 3-D (unlabelled) 62 Plotting surfaces using pcolor Plotting surfaces using image Plotting volumetric slices using slice 65 Mesh and surface plots from triangularized data (top) and interpolated data (bottom) Voronoi diagram Hierarchy of graphics objects, using quads.m as an example. (Same as Figure 73.) Light gray axes area with medium-gray figure in the background Positioning figure in the middle of the screen using pixels and normalized units First figure with three sets of axes created using the subplot command Second figure with one set of axes created (and positioned) using the axes command Four plots in one figure. axes was called directly to specify the position, rather than using subplot Hierarchy of graphics objects, using quads.m as an example. (Handles in parentheses are rounded to one decimal place.) 74 Plot customized using only non-set commands Plot customized using only set commands Four most popular fonts (Courier, Times, Helvetica, Symbol) 77 Plot showing results of changing 'LineStyle' of individual negative contour lines to "dashed" Default 'PaperPosition' is an 8 x 6 inch print area centered on page 79 The value of a figure's 'PaperSize' property is influenced by changes to one or more of its 'PaperUnits', 'PaperOrientation' and 'PaperType' properties The value of a figure's 'PaperPosition' property is not affected by changing between portrait and landscape mode Hierarchy of graphics objects, using quads. m as an example. (Same as Figure 73.)

11 List of Figures xi 82 Fahrenheit-to-Celsius conversion Fahrenheit-to-Celsius conversion, using a "slider" 84 Fahrenheit-to-various conversion, using a "popup" menu 85 Fahrenheit-to-various conversion, using three radio buttons 86 Fahrenheit-to-various conversion, using three "check" boxes 87 Fahrenheit-to-various conversion, using three push buttons 88 Question "dialog box" for quitting conversion program, created using questdlg Menu added along top of figure window 90 Entries in File submenu Dialog box displayed by uigetfile 92 Entries in "Format" submenu. 93 Entries in "Digits" subsubmenu 94 Context plot Guide Control Panel. 96 Guide Property Editor 97 Guide Menu Editor.. 98 Planetary motion of 0.5 Earth years 99 Planetary motion of 0.5 Earth years 100 Tree diagram showing scripts and functions used by solar.m 101 Effect of increasing eccentricity, e, on the shape of an ellipse 102 Relationship between eccentricity (e) and minor axis length (b) 103 MATLAB Editor/Debugger window