Species Distribution according to Annex III, 19 Species Distribution data specification version 2.0.

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1 INSPIRE Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe Species Distribution according to Annex III, 19 Species Distribution data specification version 2.0. Nils Valland Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre

Definitions Raw observations aggregated in 10x10 km grids 2000s 1990s 1980s 1970s 1960s 1940-50s 1920-30s 1900-10s before 1900 Source: Steve Wilkinson, JNCC Polygon enclosing occurrence data for a

unit or other analytical unit [Directive 2007/2/EC] Occurrence is chosen to mean the spatial representation of a species at a specific location Species is a human expert judgement or interpretation

Closely related to, but not synonymous with the term amalgamated, which means to combine to form one structure.

2 Definitions Raw observations aggregated in 10x10 km grids 2000s 1990s 1980s 1970s 1960s s s s before 1900 Source: Steve Wilkinson, JNCC Polygon enclosing occurrence data for a certain period Distribution using prediction models Species Distribution is defined as geographical distribution of occurrence of animal and plant species aggregated by grid, region, administrative unit or other analytical unit [Directive 2007/2/EC] Occurrence is chosen to mean the spatial representation of a species at a specific location Species is a human expert judgement or interpretation of a defined concept, debated and not consistent throughout the world, names needs to refer to an authoritative list or register Aggregated means to form into a class or cluster. Closely related to, but not synonymous with the term amalgamated, which means to combine to form one structure. Both terms are used throughout the text of the data specification, as being suitable for describing the process of converting raw observations into a distribution of occurrence From these definitions the distributions may be represented in a wide range of formats, such as points, grid cells at different scales or polygons of specific defined areas

Challenges and possibilities Distribution map in Atlas Florae Europaeae http://www.luomus.fi/english/botany/afe/publishing/sample.htm Occurence map in http://artskart.artsdatabanken.

Ballmustard Overwhelming number of species, potentially 150 000-200 000 species in Europe Data of species occurrence is extremely fragmented in institutions and organisations in and between

3 Challenges and possibilities Distribution map in Atlas Florae Europaeae Occurence map in Neslia paniculata (L.) Desv. Ballmustard Overwhelming number of species, potentially species in Europe Data of species occurrence is extremely fragmented in institutions and organisations in and between memberstates Numerous worldwide, european and national inititatives to collect and present species distribution data, most of them by environmental or scientific institutions or networks. Generally each species group initiatives use specific datamodels, aggregation methods, representions and dataportals INSPIRE Dataspecification of Species distribution provides an unique possibility to share harmonized spatial data across country borders and species groups in an interoperable webmap service and thus enable maximum data distribution between various sources Occurence map in

4 European atlas of dragonflies (Odonata) Lestes sponsa (Hansemann,1823) Emerald Damselfly Artskart Lestes sponsa Map: Vincent Kalkman, European Invertebrate Survey Nederland / Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity naturalis IUCN Odonata Specialist Group

5 Use cases 1. Generate European Species Distribution Spatial Data Report (Art.17, conventions etc.) 2. Simple Query and View Species Distribution 3. Expertly Query, View, Visualise and Analyse Species Distribution 4. Download Species Distribution Data 5. Provide Species Distribution Data Using INSPIRE Specifications

6 Dataspecifications Species Distribution GCM Coverage Coverage Coverages (Domain and Range):: CoverageByDomainAndRange + coveragefunction: CoverageFunction [0..1] + domainset: Any + rangeset: Any [0..*] {ordered} {gridfunctionrequiresgriddom ain} SpeciesDistributionCov erage + inspireid: Identifier + referencespeciesid: CharacterString + referencespeciesschem e: ReferenceSpeciesSchem evalue ::CoverageByDomainAndRange + coveragefunction: CoverageFunction [0..1] + domainset: Any + rangeset: Any [0..*] {ordered} ::Coverage + m etadata: Any [0..*] + rangetype: RecordType «voidable, lifecycleinfo» + beginlifespanversion: DateTim e + endlifespanversion: DateTime + domainextent: EX_GeographicExtent {domainism ultisurfaceorrectifiedgridorm ultipoint} {rangesetisspeciesdistributionunit} SourceInformation + aggregationmethod: AggregationMethodValue [1..*] sourcem ethod: SourceM ethodvalue + inspireid: Identifier [0..1] +m etadata + methodreference: CharacterString [0..1] + sourceprovider: SourceProviderType [1..*] + validfrom: DateTim e + validto: DateTime [0..1] + localspeciesname: LocalSpeciesNameType [0..*] SourceM ethodvalue AggregationM ethodvalue + observationaggregation + scientificanalysis GeneralSourceM ethodvalue + linesampling Article17SourceM ethodvalue + m onitoring + statisticalsam pling + com pletesurvey + gridmapping + estim atepartial + random + estim ateexpert + litterature + absentdata SourceProv idertype + inistitutionnam e: CI_ResponsibleParty + sourcedatabase: CharacterString [0..*] QualifierValue LocalSpeciesNameType + congruent + localspeciesnamevalue: CharacterString + includedin + localspeciesschem eid: CharacterString + includes + overlaps + qualifier: QualifierValue [0..1] + excludes ReferenceSpeciesSchemeValue + eunomen + eunis + naturedirectives SpeciesDistributionUnit + inspireid: Identifier [0..1] + distributioninfo: DistributionInfoType [0..*] DistributionInfoType + countingmethod: CountingMethodValue + countingunit: CountingUnitValue + numericalrange: RangeType [0..1] + specificnumericalcount: Integer [0..1] + residencystatus: ResidencyStatusValue [0..1] + sensitiveinfo: Boolean [0..1] {num ericalrangeem pty} {specificnumericalcountem pty} ResidencyStatusValue CountingMethodValue + concentration + counted + cultivated + estimated + extinct + calculated + introducedestablished + introducedimperm anent + native + naturallyim permanent + perm anent + probablyextinct RangeType + re-introducedortranslocated + reproducing + upperbound: Integer [0..1] + wintering + lowerbound: Integer [0..1] CountingUnitValue Article17CountingUnitValue GeneralCountingUnitValue + adults + colonies + individuals + localities + males + pairs + breedingfemales + callingm ales + floweringstem s + inhabitedlogs + inhabitedstonesorboulders + inhabitedtrees + shoots + tufts + length + area SpeciesDistributionCoverage The spatial representation of a species occurrence Multisurfaces Rectified grids Multipoints ReferenceSpeciesShemeValue Reference list defining a nomenclatural and taxonomical standard where all local names and taxonomic concepts have to be mapped to Eu-nomen Eunis Natura2000 Recommended Directive species (about 1200), IUCN Red List species (2314), responsibility species, etc.

7 Dataspecifications Species Distribution GCM Coverage Coverage Coverages (Domain and Range):: CoverageByDomainAndRange + coveragefunction: CoverageFunction [0..1] + domainset: Any + rangeset: Any [0..*] {ordered} {gridfunctionrequiresgriddom ain} SpeciesDistributionCov erage + inspireid: Identifier + referencespeciesid: CharacterString + referencespeciesschem e: ReferenceSpeciesSchem evalue ::CoverageByDomainAndRange + coveragefunction: CoverageFunction [0..1] + domainset: Any + rangeset: Any [0..*] {ordered} ::Coverage + m etadata: Any [0..*] + rangetype: RecordType «voidable, lifecycleinfo» + beginlifespanversion: DateTim e + endlifespanversion: DateTime + domainextent: EX_GeographicExtent {domainism ultisurfaceorrectifiedgridorm ultipoint} {rangesetisspeciesdistributionunit} ReferenceSpeciesSchemeValue + eunomen + eunis + naturedirectives SpeciesDistributionUnit + inspireid: Identifier [0..1] + distributioninfo: DistributionInfoType [0..*] DistributionInfoType + countingmethod: CountingMethodValue + countingunit: CountingUnitValue + numericalrange: RangeType [0..1] + specificnumericalcount: Integer [0..1] + residencystatus: ResidencyStatusValue [0..1] + sensitiveinfo: Boolean [0..1] DistributionInfoType The description of the status of the subject of distribution within the aggregation unit, like the indication of the abundance by counting, estimation or calculation of the number of occurrences or populationsize of the particular species CountingMethodValue Code list SourceInformation + aggregationmethod: AggregationMethodValue [1..*] sourcem ethod: SourceM ethodvalue + inspireid: Identifier [0..1] +m etadata + methodreference: CharacterString [0..1] + sourceprovider: SourceProviderType [1..*] + validfrom: DateTim e + validto: DateTime [0..1] + localspeciesname: LocalSpeciesNameType [0..*] SourceM ethodvalue AggregationM ethodvalue + observationaggregation + scientificanalysis {num ericalrangeem pty} {specificnumericalcountem pty} ResidencyStatusValue + concentration + cultivated + extinct + introducedestablished + introducedimperm anent + native + naturallyim permanent + perm anent + probablyextinct + re-introducedortranslocated + reproducing + wintering CountingMethodValue + counted + estimated + calculated RangeType + upperbound: Integer [0..1] + lowerbound: Integer [0..1] CountingUnitValue 2 Code lists ResidencyStatusValue 2 Code lists GeneralSourceM ethodvalue CountingUnitValue + linesampling Article17SourceM ethodvalue + m onitoring + com pletesurvey + estim atepartial + estim ateexpert + absentdata + statisticalsam pling + gridmapping + random + litterature Article17CountingUnitValue GeneralCountingUnitValue SourceProv idertype + inistitutionnam e: CI_ResponsibleParty + sourcedatabase: CharacterString [0..*] LocalSpeciesNameType + localspeciesnamevalue: CharacterString + localspeciesschem eid: CharacterString + qualifier: QualifierValue [0..1] QualifierValue + congruent + includedin + includes + overlaps + excludes + adults + colonies + individuals + localities + males + pairs + breedingfemales + callingm ales + floweringstem s + inhabitedlogs + inhabitedstonesorboulders + inhabitedtrees + shoots + tufts + length + area

8 Dataspecifications Species Distribution GCM Coverage Coverage «featuret ype» Coverages (Domain and Range):: CoverageByDomainAndRange + coveragefunction: CoverageFunction [0..1] + domainset: Any + rangeset: Any [0..*] {ordered} {gridfunctionrequiresgriddomain} SpeciesDistributionCov erage + inspireid: Identifier + referencespeciesid: CharacterString + referencespeciesschem e: ReferenceSpeciesSchem evalue ::CoverageByDomainAndRange + coveragefunction: CoverageFunction [0..1] + dom ainset: Any + rangeset: Any [0..*] {ordered} ::Coverage + metadata: Any [0..*] + rangetype: RecordType «voidable, lifecycleinfo» + beginlifespanversion: DateT im e + endlifespanversion: DateTime + dom ainextent: EX_GeographicExtent {domainismultisurfaceorrectifiedgridorm ultipoint} {rangesetisspeciesdistributionunit} «featuret ype» SourceInformation + aggregationmethod: AggregationMethodValue [1..*] sourcem ethod: SourceMethodValue + inspireid: Identifier [0..1] +m etadata + methodreference: CharacterString [0..1] + sourceprovider: SourceProviderType [1..*] + validfrom : DateT im e + validto: DateTime [0..1] + localspeciesname: LocalSpeciesNameType [0..*] SourceMethodValue AggregationMethodValue + observationaggregation + scientificanalysis GeneralSourceM ethodvalue + linesampling Article17SourceM ethodvalue + monitoring + statisticalsam pling + com pletesurvey + gridm apping + estimatepartial + random + estimateexpert + litterature + absentdata ReferenceSpeciesSchemeValue + eunomen + eunis + naturedirectives SpeciesDistributionUnit + inspireid: Identifier [0..1] + distributioninfo: DistributionInfoType [0..*] «datat ype» DistributionInfoType + countingmethod: CountingM ethodvalue + countingunit: CountingUnitValue + numericalrange: RangeType [0..1] + specificnumericalcount: Integer [0..1] + residencystatus: ResidencyStatusValue [0..1] + sensitiveinfo: Boolean [0..1] {num ericalrangeem pty} {specificnum ericalcountempty} ResidencyStatusValue CountingM ethodvalue + concentration + counted + cultivated + estimated + extinct + calculated + introducedestablished + introducedim perm anent + native + naturallyimpermanent + perm anent «datat ype» + probablyextinct RangeType + re-introducedort ranslocated + reproducing + upperbound: Integer [0..1] + wintering + lowerbound: Integer [0..1] CountingUnitValue Article17CountingUnitValue GeneralCountingUnitValue SourceInformation Refers to the methods hows observations have been made or recorded that are aggregated by using a given aggregationmethod assigned to the species distribution unit SourceMethodValue 2 code lists AggregationMethod observationaggregation scientificanalysis SourceProvider Name of institution compiling data from source databases to a complete dataset SourceProv idertype + inistitutionnam e: CI_ResponsibleParty + sourcedatabase: CharacterString [0..*] «datat ype» LocalSpeciesNameType + localspeciesnamevalue: CharacterString + localspeciesschem eid: CharacterString + qualifier: QualifierValue [0..1] QualifierValue + congruent + includedin + includes + overlaps + excludes + adults + colonies + individuals + localities + males + pairs + breedingfemales + callingmales + floweringstem s + inhabitedlogs + inhabitedstonesorboulders + inhabitedt rees + shoots + tufts + length + area

9 Species occurrence representations Total registrations (occurrence) of a species 2. Distribution as centre points in 10x10 km grid cells 3. Distribution as grid cells 10x10 km 4. Polygon distribution based on enclosing cells

10 Species presence and absence User interpretation of species distribution datasets improved by reason for absence Not searched for Searched for, but not found Presence

Species distribution test pilot Implemented in cooperation between the Norwegian Mapping Authority (INSPIRE coordinator in Norway) and the Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre Bird data from

11 Species distribution test pilot Implemented in cooperation between the Norwegian Mapping Authority (INSPIRE coordinator in Norway) and the Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre Bird data from Norway Sweden Denmark Finland (coming later) WMS-implementation in an Open Layers client with grid cells 10x10 km and 100x100 km in ETRS89/UTM33 html

12 Northern Lapwing

13 Yellow-billed Loon

15 King Eider

TWG BR-HB-SD. INSPIRE Thematic Working Group on Biogeographical Region, Habitats and Biotopes, Species Distribution

TWG BR-HB-SD. INSPIRE Thematic Working Group on Biogeographical Region, Habitats and Biotopes, Species Distribution TWG BR-HB-SD INSPIRE Thematic Working Group on Biogeographical Region, Habitats and Biotopes, Species Distribution Presenter: Anders Friis-Christensen, Editor, TWG BR-HB-SD INSPIRE Conference 2011, Edinburgh,