Development of fast imaging techniques in MRI From the principle to the recent development

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1 Development of fast imaging techniques in MRI From the principle to the recent development Yoshio MACHIDA and Issei MORI Health Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, , Japan Received on October 13, 2012 Abstract : The purpose of this paper is to review the development of fast imaging techniques in MRI. After the brief introduction of the principle of Fourier transform MRI, conventional fast imaging techniques mainly based on the improvement of pulse sequences are described. Next, further fast imaging techniques such as parallel imaging, k-t imaging technique, and finally, recently developed compressed sensingcsmri techniques are discussed. Key words : Fourier transform MRI, fast imaging, pulse sequence, parallel imaging, compressed sensing MRI MRI MRI International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine: ISMRM Compressed Sensing : CS MR CS-MRI CS-MRI MRI MRI k MR 2 3 k CartesianRadial Spiral k [2-4] k k CS-MRI MRI 2 MR Lauterbur 1973 a [1] x, y k kx, ky Fig.1 MR 7

2 Fig.3 Fig.2 k [5]1-2-1 MRI 1970 MRI [6]1980 MRI [7] 2 MRI 2 3 k k 1980 Gradient Echo : GRE FLASH [8] MR MRA3 [9] 1977Mansfield EPIEcho Planar Imaging[6] EPI EPI Fast Spin Echo: FSE RARE TrueFISP balanced SSFP : bssfp 90 RF SNR PI PI SMASH SENSE [10] PI k PI 3 Fig.4 8

3 2000 RF 3 k t k-t k [11] A L1 b CS y 0 K c x0 M N [12] A A A A A yax L1 M N A MRI CS MRI MR MRI CS-MRI [12, 13] CS yax A MR Lustig CS [14, 15]MRA T1 T2 Wavelet Lustig MRI k L1 3 k MRI CS 2012 ISMRM d 1MRI yaxaγfts S FT Γ Fig.5 arg min x 1 subj.to yax x k-t MRI 2 k-t 9

4 k-t p k-p N MRI MRI CS 3CS MRI Lagrangian form minmize yax 2λ1 x 1λ2TVx A 1 2 e 3 Total Valiation : TV λ1λ2 CS-MRI CS CS 3 MRI k Wavelet t k TeFSE [16] CS-MRI 3 CS-MRI CS A A Γ FTS 1 CS 3 k Lustig f CS CS MRI CS-MRI Lustig JSPS [ 1 ] Lauterbur PC : Image Formation by Induced Local Interactions : Examples Employing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Nature 242, , [ 2 ] Bernstein MA, King KF, Zhou Xj : Handbook of MRI pulse sequences, Elsevier academic press, [ 3 ] MRI 2 Fig

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