Node-Dependent Kinematic Finite Element Models With Legendre Polynomial Expansions for the Analysis of Composite Beams

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1 Node-Dependent Kinematic Finite Element Models With Legendre Polynomial Expansions for the Analysis of Composite Beams G. Li, A.G. de Miguel, A. Pagani, E. Zappino, and E. Carrera Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Politecnico di Torino Full 21 st International Conference on Composite Materials ICCM21 25 August 2017, Xi an

2 Introduction CUF 2D NDK HLE Case 1 Case 2 Conclusion Acknowledgment MUL2 - MULtilayered structures & MULtifield effects

3 Overview 1 Carrera Unified Formulation (CUF) for refined 1D models; 2 Node-dependent kinematic 1D FEM models; 3 Hierarchical Legendre Expansions as section functions of refined 1D models; 4 Numerical examples; 5 Conclusions.

4 { { How CUF Works: A Higher-order Beam Theory Displacement description u = F 1 u 1 +F 2 u 2 +F 3 u 3 +F 4 u 4 +F 5 u 5 +F 6 u 6 + v = F 1 v 1 +F 2 v 2 +F 3 v 3 +F 4 v 4 +F 5 v 5 +F 6 v 6 + w = F 1 w 1 +F 2 w 2 +F 3 w 3 +F 4 w 4 +F 5 w 5 +F 6 w 6 + K ijτs = N j F s b T CbF τ N i dv V K ijτs : Fundamental Nucleus F τ F1 = 1, FEM discretization F 2 =x, F 3 = z, F 4 = x 2, F 5 = xz, F 6 = z 2, 3 x 3 Nucleus K xx K xy K xz K yx K yy K yz K zx K zy K zz 3 X M X N =1 u(x, y, z) = N i (y)u i (x, z) = N i (y)f τ (x, z)u iτ PVD u(x, y, z) = N i (y)f τ(x, z) U iτ δu(x, y, z) = N j (y)f s(x, z) δu js δl int = δε T σdv = δu T b T CbudV V V = δu T js F sn j b T CbN i F τdv U iτ = δu T js K ijτs U iτ V δl ext = δu T pdv = δu T js N j F spdv = δu T js P js V V } } } } } } s=1 s=2,n-1 s=n =2, M-1 =M

Section Functions for Refined 1D Models u(x, y, z) = {u, v, w} T = F τ (x, z)u τ (y) ESL model adopting Taylor Expansions (TE) N u(x, y, z) = x i τ z j τ u τ (y) τ=1 LW model employing Lagrange

5 Section Functions for Refined 1D Models u(x, y, z) = {u, v, w} T = F τ (x, z)u τ (y) ESL model adopting Taylor Expansions (TE) N u(x, y, z) = x i τ z j τ u τ (y) τ=1 LW model employing Lagrange Expansions (LE) N u k (x, y, z) = L τ (x, z)u k τ(y) τ=1 Note: F τ are defined on the whole cross-section domain; DOFs: mathematical weighting factors. Note: Fτ k defined on each layer section domain; All DOFs are physically meaningful. Carrera, E., Cinefra, M., Petrolo, M. and Zappino, E. Finite element analysis of structures through unified formulation. John Wiley & Sons, 2014.

2mm(8xB4 elements) 0.2mm(7xB4 elements) B4 for transition A B4 element with NDK.

6 Beam Elements with Node-Dependent Kinematics (NDK) 1D Models with NDK u = F τ (x, z)n i (y)u iτ Application: Local kinematic refinement P u = F i τ(x, z)n i (y)u iτ z y x 0.4mm(7xB4 elements) 1D Modeling 0.2mm(8xB4 elements) 0.2mm(7xB4 elements) B4 for transition A B4 element with NDK. z z P=1000N A(a-t,b/2,h/2) B(a-t,b/2,h/2-t) Variable LW/ESL nodal capabilities; Modeling of patches; Global-local analysis. h=0.1m o TE a=0.1m x t=0.005m o t=0.005m LE x

7 Beam Elements with Node-Dependent Kinematics (NDK) Assembly approach s i=1 s i=2 s i=3 s j=1 s j=2 s j=3 s j=4 Carrera, E., and E. Zappino. One-dimensional finite element formulation with node-dependent kinematics. Computers & Structures 192 (2017): τ i=1 τ i=2 τ i=3 K xxk xyk Nucleus xz K yx K yy K yz K zxk zy K zz p x Carrera, E., Filippi, M., Pagani, A. and Zappino, E. Node-dependent kinematics, refined zig-zag and multi-line beam theories for the analysis of composite structures. In 58th AIAA/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, p Zappino, E., Carrera, E. and Li, G. τ j=1 τ j=2 Free Vibration Analysis of Beams with Piezo-Patches Using a One-Dimensional Model with Node-Dependent Kinematics. DEMEASS VIII, τ j=3 τ j=4 Assembly of stiffness matrix for 1D elements adopting NDK Carrera, E., Cinefra, M., Li, G. and Zappino, E. Node-Dependent Kinematic One-dimensional FEM Models for the Analysis of Beams with Piezo-patches. Eccomas, 2017.

Hierarchical Legendre Expansions as section functions of

and Babuška, I. Finite Element Analysis.

Polynomial degree 2 3 4 5 6 7 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

internal expansions 17 22 23 28 29 30 35 36 37 38 HLE as

Encyclopedia of computational mechanics (2004). Pagani, A.

Analysis of laminated beams via Unified Formulation and

Composite Structures, 156(2016), pp.78-92. Carrera, E.

8 Hierarchical Legendre Expansions as section functions of 1D elements 1 τ = vertex expansions Szabó, B. and Babuška, I. Finite Element Analysis. John Wiley & Sons, Polynomial degree side expansions internal expansions HLE as shape functions for 2D p version elements Szabó, B., Düster, A. and Rank, E. The p-version of the finite element method. Encyclopedia of computational mechanics (2004). Pagani, A., De Miguel, A.G., Petrolo, M. and Carrera, E. Analysis of laminated beams via Unified Formulation and Legendre polynomial expansions. Composite Structures, 156(2016), pp Carrera, E., De Miguel, A.G. and Pagani, A. Hierarchical theories of structures based on Legendre polynomial expansions with finite element applications. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 120 (2017):

9 Hierarchical Legendre Expansions as section functions of 1D elements Vertex expansions: F i (r, s) = 1 4 (1 r ir)(1 s i s) τ = 1, 2, 3, 4 V 4 S 3 V 3 Side expansions: F τ(r, s) = 1 (1 s)φp(r) τ = 5, 9, 13, 18, 2 s F τ(r, s) = 1 (1 + r)φp(s) τ = 6, 10, 14, 19, 2 S 4 I r S 2 F τ(r, s) = 1 (1 + s)φp(r) τ = 7, 11, 15, 20, 2 F τ(r, s) = 1 (1 r)φp(s) τ = 8, 14, 16, 21, 2 Internal expansions: *Basis functions: F τ(r, s) = φ p(r)φ q(r) p, q 4 2p 1 s φ p(s) = L 2 p 1 (x)dx = Lp(s) L p 2(s) p = 2, 3, 1 4p 2 Note: L p(s) are Legendre polynomials. V 1 V 2 S 1 Vertex expansions Side expansions Internal expansions Szabó, B., Düster, A. and Rank, E. The p-version of the finite element method. Encyclopedia of computational mechanics (2004).

10 Simply supported sandwich beam under local pressure Material properties used on the sandwich plate, a/h = 5 E 11[GPa] E 22[GPa] E 33[GPa] ν 12 ν 13 ν 23 G 12[GPa] G 13[GPa] G 23[GPa] Face Core Z p0 0.1h Face z o X 0.8h o x Core 0.1h Symmetry Face Geometry and loading of the sandwich beam Mesh on the cross-section Wenzel, C., P. Vidal, M. DÒttavio, and O. Polit. Coupling of heterogeneous kinematics and Finite Element approximations applied to composite beam structures. Composite Structures 116 (2014):

11 Simply supported sandwich beam under local pressure Stress evaluation on the sandwich beam with 20 B4 elements Kinematics σ yy [MPa] σ yz [MPa] σ zz [MPa] DOFs ( a 2, b 2, h 2 ) ( 9a 20, b 2, 9h 20 ) ( a 2, b 2, h 2 ) HLE HLE HLE HLE HLE HLE LE Zappino et al. 2D ABAQUS 3D Zappino, E., Li, G., Pagani, A. and Carrera, E. Global-local analysis of laminated plates by node-dependent kinematic finite elements with variable ESL/LW capabilities. Composite Structures 172 (2017): 1-14.

12 Simply supported sandwich beam under local pressure - yz [MPa] along (9a/20,b/2,z) HLE2 HLE3 HLE4 HLE5 HLE6 HLE7 192LE z Variation of σ yz along ( 9a 20, b 2, z) - yz at (9a/20,b/2,h/2) HLE2 HLE3 HLE4 HLE5 HLE6 HLE7 192LE DOFs DOFs vs σ yz on the top surface

Simply supported sandwich beam under local pressure -1.004e+06 Sigma_YZ -7.4e+5-4.8e+5-2.2e+5 4.

13 Simply supported sandwich beam under local pressure e+06 Sigma_YZ -7.4e+5-4.8e+5-2.2e e e+06 Sigma_ZZ -7.9e+5-5e+5-2.2e e+04 Contour plot of σ yz Contour plot of σ zz

14 A two-layered beam z x Carrera, E., Filippi, M., Mahato, P.K. and Pagani, A. Loading and geometry (not to scale) Accurate static response of single-and multi-cell laminated box beams. Composite Structures 136 (2016):

15 A two-layered beam yz [Pa] HL2 HL3 HL4 HL5 HL6 HL6-TBT 128LE4 DOFs: HLE HLE HLE HLE HLE HLE6 x19 -TBT x LE Absolute error of yz at (0,2b/3,h/2) HLE2 HLE3 HLE4 HLE5 HLE6 HLE-p HL6-TBT 128LE z Variation of σ yz along (0, 2b 3, z) Note: TBT Timoshenko Beam Theory DOFs DOFs vs absolute error of σ yz at (0, 2b 3, h 2 )

16 Conclusions 1 Node-dependent kinematics provide a solution to integrate the accuracy of the LW models and the low computational cost of the ESL models to obtain optimal beam models; 2 Hierarchical Legendre Expansions are extended to one-dimensional node-dependent kinematic finite elements; 3 Based on CUF, the proposed models are compact in form without using any ad hoc coupling; 4 The proposed models are computationally efficient in the analysis of multi-layered slender structures; 5 The presented approach allows the local kinematic refinement be carried out without modifying the FEM mesh.

Acknowledgment FULLComp: FULLy integrated analysis, design, manufacturing and health-monitoring of COMPosite structures Funded by the European Commission under a Marie Sklodowska-Curie Innovative

17 Acknowledgment FULLComp: FULLy integrated analysis, design, manufacturing and health-monitoring of COMPosite structures Funded by the European Commission under a Marie Sklodowska-Curie Innovative Training Networks grant for European Training Networks (Grant agreement No ). Full The full spectrum of the design of composite structures will be dealt with, such as manufacturing, health-monitoring, failure, modeling, multiscale approaches, testing, prognosis, and prognostic. Research activities are aimed at engineering fields such as aeronautics, automotive, mechanical, wind energy and space.

18 Node-Dependent Kinematic Finite Element Models With Legendre Polynomial Expansions for the Analysis of Composite Beams G. Li, A.G. de Miguel, A. Pagani, E. Zappino, and E. Carrera Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Politecnico di Torino Full 21 st International Conference on Composite Materials ICCM21 25 August 2017, Xi an

Micro-, meso- and macro-scale analysis of composite laminates by unified theory of structures

Mul 2 team FullComp project Micro-, meso- and macro-scale analysis of composite laminates by unified theory of structures Erasmo Carrera, Alberto García de Miguel and Alfonso Pagani Department of Mechanical