CORMIX Models for Mixing Processes

Transcription

1 CORMIX Models for Mixing Processes Balloon aerial infrared survey of a regulatory mixing zone Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Models

2 Section Outline Types of mixing models CORMIX description Features/components System requirements Ambient schematization Input data requirements CORMIX1 single port specification Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Models 3-2

3 General Features of CORMIX Predicts quantitative & qualitative features of mixing process Covers NPDES regulatory concerns for conventional & toxic discharges Provides guidance to improve designs and associated dilutions Figure 3-3: Chronic and acute Regulatory Mixing Zones for conventional and toxic discharges, respectively Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Models 3-3

4 Near-field vs. Far-Field Mixing Near-field mixing Close to source Region of buoyant jet mixing Time scales of seconds to minutes Space scales of 1-m to 100-m Source properties dominate mixing Far-field mixing Ambient conditions dominate mixing Time scales of minutes to hours Space scales of 10-m to 1000-m Boundary Interaction Provides transitions from near-field to far-field Mixing Side View Near-Field Far-Field Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Models 2-4

5 Predictive Models for Mixing Processes A) Complete Models Single domain with one set of governing equations Drawbacks Numerical limitations Turbulence Models Boundary Conditions Fluent, Flow3D, STAR3D B) Zone Models Divide domain into sub-regions with specific mixing processes Allows use of simplified equations Jet Integral Models Mixing Zone Expert System - CORMIX Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Models 3-5

6 Jet integral models Near-field Models Integrate dynamic terms along trajectory, across cross-sectional plane simple ordinary differential equations empirical equations for turbulence closure: rate of entrainment, ambient drag force, and frontal spreading velocity fast & easy BUT: infinite, steady ambient waters (no boundary interactions) Mixing zone models (CORMIX) Amplifications for boundary interaction, unstable near-field, buoyant spreading, passive diffusion full range of discharge geometries and ambient conditions boundary interaction, buoyant spreading and passive diffusion few parameters easy input, fast calculations, no calibration Limits: only simple reversals, 1st order decay, single source Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Models 3-6

7 Far-field Models Eulerian hydrodynamics and transport models Solve unsteady, baroclinic, shallow water equations in 3D (hydrostatic) Orthogonal curvilinear co-ordinates Terrain-following, sigma - coordinate system k-ε turbulence closure Water quality module: Mancini model for coliform inactivation Limits Far-Field model ignores dominant NF processes or treats them superficially Spatial and temporal resolution limited by calculation power Difficult to match boundary / initial conditions, shear turbulence Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Models 3-7

8 Physical Mixing Processes Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Models 2-8

9 Mixing Models for Coastal Outfalls Model Scale Typical Grid Resolution Ocean Circulation Ocean wide of km Coastal Circulation (Far-field) Coastal Zones, Estuaries 0,1-1km Discharge Mixing Models (Near-field) Local (scale of outfall) no grid; predictions up to 100m - 5km Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Models 3-9

10 Modeling Approaches Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Models 3-10

11 CORMIX Cornell Mixing Zone Expert System CORMIX1: Single Port Discharges Doneker & Jirka, 1989 Bounded Channels: Rivers, estuaries Unbounded Channels: Coastal, lakes Crossflows (or stagnant) Buoyant (positively, negatively, or neutral) Uniform or Stratified Ambient Up to 3 stratified density layers Submerged, Near & Above surface Brine & Sediment discharges Figure 3-1: CorSpy visualization of single port discharge Covers > 95 % of cases Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Models 3-11

12 CORMIX CORMIX2: Multiport Diffusers Akar & Jirka, 1990 A) Same conditions as CORMIX1 3 Major Diffuser Types: Alternating, Unidirectional, Staged Covers > 80 % of cases CORMIX3: Surface Discharges Jones & Jirka, 1990 B) Same conditions as CORMIX1 Up to 3 ambient density levels Covers > 90 % of cases Figure 3-2: CorSpy visualization of A) multiport diffuser and B) surface discharge Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Models 3-12

13 Why An Expert or Rule Based System? Data Driven System specify data, system selects the model Proper model choice Correct model application Guides in data acquisition Addresses CREM guidelines - Flexible: Screening of alternatives Switch to other models Continuous update of knowledge base Documented analysis Not a black box Common Framework Regulator Applicant Design System Advanced CAD 3-D Graphics tools (e.g. Figures 3-1, 3-2, 3-4) Teaching environment Adapts to user Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Models 3-13

14 General Features of CORMIX Flags undesirable designs Data screening Provides descriptions of mixing processes Figure 3-5 shows conceptual overall structure Figure 3-4: CorVue 3D Mixing Zone Visualization Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Models 3-14

15 General Features of CORMIX Figure 3-5: CORMIX Conceptual Structure Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Models 3-15

16 CORMIX Systems Requirements Windows NT/2000/XP Win 95/98 may require a dcom patch MixZon does not offer support to Win95/98 installations Minimum Pentium II with AGP graphics for GT versions Pentium for G versions Minimum system configuration 16 MB RAM, 40 MB free hard drive space Internet access ( Run Times: seconds to 20 minutes depending on system and simulation type Recommended system: Windows XP with Pentium IV Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Models 3-16

17 CORMIX Program Elements GUI DATA ENTRY PROGRAM CONTROL Module Interactive windows Graphical User Interface (GUI) collects all data Tab forms: Project, Effluent, Ambient, Discharge, Mixing Zones, Output, Processing Extensive advice available on CORMIX definitions, applications, and interpretation under help menus Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Models 3-17

18 CORMIX Program Elements Figure 3-6: CORMIX v5.0 Graphical User Interface (GUI) Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Models 3-18

19 PARAMETER CALCULATION Module Automatically computes all flow parameters Length scales, fluxes, other values Describes near -field flow properties A) Discharge Quantities Jet to Plume Transition Length Scale: L M = M 0 3/4 /J 0 1/2 [ L ] Figure 3-7: Parameter Calculations for buoyant jet mixing Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Models 3-19

20 FLOW CLASSIFICATION Module Classifies the discharge/environment boundary interaction Develops a generic qualitative description of flow patterns Specifies flow protocol for hydrodynamic simulation Heart of CORMIX knowledge base Compilation of 200 years of hydraulic research Figure 3-8: CORMIX1 Classification system for plumes trapped by ambient density stratification Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Models 3-20

21 CORMIX Flow Class Table 4-1: Flow Class Categories and Descriptions CORMIX1 (70 flow classes) Classes S Flows trapped within linear stratification Classes V,H Positively buoyant flows in uniform density layer Classes NV,NH Negatively buoyant flows in uniform density layer Classes A Flows affected by dynamic bottom attachments Classes I Images of S,V,H e.g.: IS, IV1, IH2, IPV3, IPH4 (Near Surface) CORMIX2 (62 flow classes) Classes MS Classes MU Classes MNU Classes I Flows trapped within linear stratification Positively buoyant flows in uniform density layer Negatively buoyant flows in uniform density layer Images of MS,MU,MNU e.g.: IMS, IMU, IMPU (Near Surface) CORMIX3 (11 flow classes) Classes FJ Classes SA Classes WJ Classes PL Free jet flows w/o near-field shoreline interaction Shoreline attached discharges in crossflow Wall jets/plumes from discharges parallel to shoreline Upstream intruding Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Models 4-21

22 HYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATION Module FORTRAN hydrodynamic simulation program for selected flow classification Singe Port Discharge CORMIX1 Submerged Multiport Diffusers - CORMIX2 Shoreline/Surface Discharges - CORMIX3 Coastal Brine/Sediment Effluents - DHYDRO CorJet - Stable Near-field post-processor model for CORMIX1 and CORMIX2 FFL Plume far-field locater CorSens Sensitivity Study Post-processor CorTime Time series analysis far-field model linkage Contains about 400k lines of code Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Models 3-22

23 SUMMARY Module Summarizes HYDRO simulation results Specifies concentrations at regulatory mixing zones (TDZ,RMZ) Gives expert advice for design iteration Figure 3-9: Summary Report Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Models 3-23

24 User Help In GUI Multiple-levels of help available in GUI Place mouse pointer over entry box- yellow tool tip hint popup appears Right mouse click in box help popup box appears Press F1 key in box User Manual Section (CorDocs) loaded in browser A) B) Figure 3-10: A) Tool Tips (mouse over); B) Tool Tip Help Popup (right click) Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Models 3-24

25 User Help In GUI "Help Popup Window - Online Help" displays context sensitive online help" page with additional information and illustrations Press F1 key in box - User Manual Section loaded into browser A) B) Figure 3-11: A) Online Tool Tip Help; B) Online User Manual Section (F1 Key) Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Models 3-25

26 User Help In GUI In CORMIX UI, Pre-post processing (CorSpy, CorVue, etc.) tools.. Help -Online User Manual" menu option GUI Help Online Help button CorHelp GUI Help Online User Manual button CorDocs Search Tool at using the "Search" link FAQ: to: Figure 3-12: Search on Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Models 3-26

27 Source Characterization Outfall Inspection Remote Sensing - Outfall Monitoring Dual Frequency Identification Sonar (DIDSON) Underwater Video DIDSON acoustic camera image of multiport diffuser in turbid river Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Models

28 Remote Sensing Mixing Model Verification Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Models 3-28

29 Section Summary Description of mixing models The CORMIX approach CORMIX components Schematization of ambient data General input data requirements CORMIX1 single port specification Remote sensing systems for source inspection and mixing model verification Robert L. Doneker MEDRC Mixing Zone Model Workshop All Rights Reserved CORMIX Models 3-29