CS10 The Beauty and Joy of Computing
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1 UC Berkeley Computer Science Summer Instructor Ben Chun CS10 The Beauty and Joy of Computing Lecture #2 HowItWorks : 3D Graphics NEW FASTEST SUPERCOMPUTER IN THE WORLD! An IBM machine at Lawrence Livermore National Labs just took the title
2 3D Computer Graphics, 10 Miles Up Computer Graphics one of the sub-fields of research in Computer Science UC Berkeley s Graphics group is ranked in the top 10 2D Graphics often called graphic design ; very different The Last Guardian by Johnny Yip (POV-Ray) UC Berkeley CS10 The Beauty and Joy of Computing : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (2)
3 3D Graphics Used In Film, Television, Print Either pure CG (e.g., Pixar) or CG elements added to film plates ~hours / frame Video Games Both in-engine graphics + prerendered cinematics <1/30 second / frame Avatar (wikipedia) Gran Turismo (us.gran-turismo.com) UC Berkeley CS10 The Beauty and Joy of Computing : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (3)
4 events.game-artist.net/scene_from_a_movie/winners.php Aside: Scene from a Movie winner Blade Runner by The Replicants UC Berkeley CS10 The Beauty and Joy of Computing : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (4)
5 web.engr.oregonstate.edu/~mjb/intro2009/ 3D Graphics : How it s done (simplified) Modeling Animation Lighting & Shading Rendering Shutterbug Rendering Progression by Pixar Squash & Stretch by idleworm.com Procedural Wood by Pixar Shutterbug Rendering Progression by Pixar UC Berkeley CS10 The Beauty and Joy of Computing : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (5)
6 Modeling Could come from ú 3D Scanners ú Interactive modeling ú Model libraries ú Procedural techniques This also involves ú Attaching animation variables to model, allowing animator to control a very complex model w/a few controls ú Representation: Lots of options, math Menger Cube by UCB Alum David Wallace (now at LucasFilm) UC Berkeley CS10 The Beauty and Joy of Computing : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (6)
7 Animation web.engr.oregonstate.edu/~mjb/intro2009/ en.wikipedia.org/wiki/motion_capture Could come from ú Interactive keyframing ú Procedural motion ú Motion capture This has put some animators out of a job Used in Avatar, LotR, ú Physics ú Evolution, Rule systems Emotions conveyed! ú Humans are very good at reading bad motion Image by Hipocrite (wikipedia) UC Berkeley CS10 The Beauty and Joy of Computing : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (7)
8 Creature War Automatic Animation! Brian Mirtich, 1996 UCB Ph.D. ú Thesis: Impulse -based Dynamic Simulation of Rigid Body Systems ú Very cool work! Creature War demo ú His purpose: show off his simulator ú Great example of ruledrive motion! Creature rules UC Berkeley CS10 The Beauty and Joy of Computing : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (8)
9 Boids tangible.media.mit.edu/project/pingpongplus/ Craig Reynolds, 1986 Realistic motion of flocks No leader Three simple rules ú Separation ú Alignment ú Cohesion Implemented for PingPongPlus as undergraduate research UC Berkeley CS10 The Beauty and Joy of Computing : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (9)
10 Genetic Algorithms web.genarts.com/karl/ Karl Sims blew away his colleagues with his 1994 seminal work on evolved creatures Photo by Hank Morgan evolved virtual creatures UC Berkeley CS10 The Beauty and Joy of Computing : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (10)
11 hof.povray.org/2b.html Lighting and Shading (and Camera ) Just like in a movie ú Artist sets up lights in the shot for mood ú Teams of artists apply hand-drawn and procedural textures, called shaders There are layers of them ú The virtual 3D camera (and its movement) set But render! instead of action! Harvest Time by Gilles Tran (POV-RAY) UC Berkeley CS10 The Beauty and Joy of Computing : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (11)
12 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3d_projection 3D Projection Basics (in Rendering) For each frame ú Take 3D geometry (and lights and surface shaders) and figure out what color each 2D pixel should be The math is simply similar triangles There are lots of algorithms to do this ú Expensive = slower, but quality usually higher B x /B z = A x /A z B x = B z * A x /A z UC Berkeley CS10 The Beauty and Joy of Computing : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (12)
13 What s our goal? ú Find rendering algorithms that simulate what real light does in real world ú Photo-realism Limitations ú There are way too many photons to simulate all of them at once! ú Every technique is a different way to simulate the real world ú Each has costs & benefits Direct vs Global Illumination en.wikipedia.org/wiki/global_illumination Rendering : Global Illumination The Lovers by Gilles Tran. (POV-Ray) UC Berkeley CS10 The Beauty and Joy of Computing : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (13)
14 Cornell Box The Cornell Box experiments have come to symbolize our approach to physically based rendering. The Cornell box is a simple physical environment for which we have measured the lighting, geometry, and material reflectance properties. Synthetic images of this environment are then created, and compared to images captured with a calibrated CCD camera. In this way, we can confirm the accuracy of our simulations. Photograph Rendering UC Berkeley CS10 The Beauty and Joy of Computing : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (14)
15 Image courtesy Henrik UCSD Direct Illumination Image UC Berkeley CS10 The Beauty and Joy of Computing : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (15)
16 kevinbeason.com/smallpt/ Global Illumination Image UC Berkeley CS10 The Beauty and Joy of Computing : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (16)
17 How to learn more? UCBUGG! UCB Undergrad Graphics Group ú No prereqs!!! ú Student-led DeCal ú Students make animated short film Example : The Play3D In 2002, made a 3D recreation of a famous Cal football play CS184 : Intro to Computer Graphics UC Berkeley CS10 The Beauty and Joy of Computing : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (17)
18 Summary Beauty and Joy of Computing! The field of 3D Graphics has transformed film, television & video games How does it work? ú Modeling ú Animation ú Lighting & Shading & Camera ú Rendering (film,games different) Allows people to exercise their right and left brains ú Cal! Image by Scott Draves UC Berkeley CS10 The Beauty and Joy of Computing : HowItWorks : 3D Graphics (18)
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