SPE Developing Synthetic Well Logs for the Upper Devonian Units in Southern Pennsylvania. West Virginia University. McDaniel, B. A.
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1 SPE Developing Synthetic Well Logs for the Upper Devonian Units in Southern Pennsylvania Rolon,, L. F., Mohaghegh,, S. D., meri,, S. and Gaskari,, R. West Virginia University McDaniel, B.. Dominion E&P Morgantown, September 16 th 2005
2 Objective To develop a methodology to generate synthetic wireline logs using an rtificial Neural Network in conjunction with data from conventional wireline logs. Synthetic logs can help analyze the reservoir properties in areas where the set of logs that are necessary, are absent or incomplete.
3 Outline Introduction Location Geology Methodology Results Conclusions
4 Outline Introduction Location Geology Methodology Results Conclusions
5 Location Southwestern Pennsylvania, rmstrong Co. Cross-Section rmstrong Co mile
6 Stratigraphy 362 m.y. Murrysville Murrysville Uppermost Devonian Catskill Delta Venango Play Bradford Play Foot Foot Gordon Gordon Speechley Speechley 2 2 nd nd Bradford Bradford 367 m.y.
7 Cross-section section Lower Zone SW () NE ( ) Speechley nd Bradford
8 Cross-section section Upper Zone SW () NE ( ) Murrysville Murrysville Foot 100 Foot Gordon Gordon
9 Structure Murrysville nticline
10 Structure Murrysville nticline
11 Outline Introduction Location Geology Methodology Results Conclusions
12 Methodology The neural network model to create synthetic logs was developed in NeuroShell 2. The algorithm used to build the model was General Regression The architecture used consisted of three layers: input layer - 7 neurons hidden layer neurons output layer - 1 neuron
13 DT MTRIX XYZ RESISTIVITY DENSIITY GMM RY NEUTRON ID ID DEPTH DEPTH LT LT LONG LONG RILD RILD DEN DEN NPRL NPRL GRGC GRGC DNND DNND
14 Combination of Inputs/Outputs Combination RES DEN GR NEU XYZ Y I I I I Z X = ctual Output Combination B RE S DEN GR NEU XYZ Y Z I I I I Combination C X I = Inputs RES = Resistivity DEN = Density GR = Gamma Ray NEU = Neutron XYZ = Coordinates and Depths RE S DEN GR NEU XYZ Y Z X I I I I
15 Methodology Methodology carried out through two exercises: Exercise 1: Four wells combined. Exercise 2: Three wells combined, one out.
16 1 ST EXERCISE - Four Wells Combined Training and testing wells Verification wells Production Set Four wells were used for development and training of the network Then each one of these wells was used for verification of the trained network.
17 2 ND EXERCISE - Three wells combined, one out Training and calibration wells 157 Verification well Training and calibration wells 157 Verification well Three wells were used for development and training of the network Training and calibration wells Training and calibration wells 169 fourth well, never used during training and calibration, was selected for verification of the network. 157 Verification well 174 Verification well
18 First ttempt - Buffalo Valley Field OKLHOM NEW MEXICO TEXS MEXICO 1 mile
19 Outline Introduction Location Geology Methodology Results Conclusions
20 Gamma Ray (PI units).tif file Digitized log mile Well 219 Buffalo Valley Field 8300
21 tif file Density (g/ccm) Digitized log mile Well 219 Buffalo Valley Field 8300
22 Resistivity (ohm-m) tif file 8000 Digitized log mile Well 219 Buffalo Valley Field 8300
23 Exercise 2 - Buffalo Valley Field COMBINTION COMBINTION B COMBINTION C Training wells: 219, 321, 665 Training wells: 219, 321, 665 Training wells: 219, 321, 665 Verification well: 754 Verification well: 754 Verification well: 754 Data Set R 2 Data Set R 2 Data Set R 2 TRN TRN TRN TST TST TST PRO well PRO well PRO well Training wells: 219, 321, 754 Training wells: 219, 321, 754 Training wells: 219, 321, 754 Verification well: 665 Verification well: 665 Verification well: 665 Data Set R 2 Data Set R 2 Data Set R 2 TRN TRN TRN TST TST 0.98 TST PRO well PRO well PRO well Training wells: 219, 754, 665 Training wells: 219, 754, 665 Training wells: 219, 754, 665 Verification well: 321 Verification well: 321 Verification well: 321 Data Set R 2 Data Set R 2 Data Set R 2 TRN TRN TRN TST TST TST PRO well PRO well PRO well Training wells: 754, 665, 321 Training wells: 754, 665, 321 Training wells: 754, 665, 321 Verification well: 219 Verification well: 219 Verification well: 219 Data Set R 2 Data Set R 2 Data Set R 2 TRN TRN TRN TST TST TST PRO well PRO well PRO well
24 Verification data set well Resistivity (ohm-m) mile Depth (feet) 8200 ctual Network Well 219 Buffalo Valley Field 8500
25 Verification data set well Density (g/ccm) mile Depth (feet) 8200 ctual Network Well 219 Buffalo Valley Field 8500
26 Southern Pennsylvania rea
27 Murrysville Murrysville Upper zone Foot Foot Gordon Gordon
28 1 mile Exercise 1-1 Upper zone COMBINTION Inputs: Density, Gamma Ray, Neutron, XYZ Outputs: Resistivity Data Set R 2 TRN TST PRO PRO well PRO well PRO well PRO well COMBINTION B Inputs: Resistivity, Gamma Ray, Neutron, XYZ Outputs: Density Data Set R 2 TRN TST PRO PRO well PRO well PRO well PRO well COMBINTION C Inputs: Resistivity, Density, Gamma Ray, XYZ Outputs: Neutron Data Set R 2 TRN TST PRO PRO well PRO well PRO well PRO well
29 1 mile Combination - verification dataset well 157 Resistivity (ohm-m) Depth (feet) 1600 ctual Network
30 1 mile Combination B - verification data set well 157 Density (g/ccm) Depth (feet) ctual Network
31 1 mile Combination C - verification data set well 157 Neutron (snu) Depth (feet) ctual Network
32 1 mile Exercise 2 - Upper zone COMBINTION COMBINTION B COMBINTION C Training wells: 157, 168, 169 Training wells: 157, 168, 169 Training wells: 157, 168, 169 Verification well: 174 Verification well: 174 Verification well: 174 Data Set R 2 Data Set R 2 Data Set R 2 TRN TRN TRN TST TST TST PRO well PRO well PRO well Training wells: 157, 168, 174 Training wells: 157, 168, 174 Training wells: 157, 168, 174 Verification well: 169 Verification well: 169 Verification well: 169 Data Set R 2 Data Set R 2 Data Set R 2 TRN TRN TRN TST TST TST PRO well PRO well PRO well Training wells: 157, 174, 169 Training wells: 157, 174, 169 Training wells: 157, 174, 169 Verification well: 168 Verification well: 168 Verification well: 168 Data Set R 2 Data Set R 2 Data Set R 2 TRN TRN TRN TST TST TST PRO well PRO well PRO well Training wells: 174, 169, 168 Training wells: 174, 169, 168 Training wells: 174, 169, 168 Verification well: 157 Verification well: 157 Verification well: 157 Data Set R 2 Data Set R 2 Data Set R 2 TRN TRN TRN TST TST TST PRO well PRO well PRO well
33 1 mile Combination verification data set well 157 Resistivity (ohm-m) Depth (feet) ctual Network
34 1 mile Combination B verification data set well 157 Density (g/ccm) Depth (feet) ctual Network
35 1 mile Combination C verification data set well 157 Neutron (snu) Depth (feet) 1500 ctual Network
36 Lower zone Speechley Speechley 2 2 nd nd Bradford Bradford
37 1 mile Exercise 1-1 Upper zone COMBINTION Inputs: Density, Gamma Ray, Neutron, XYZ Outputs: Resistivity Data Set R 2 TRN TST PRO PRO well PRO well PRO well PRO well COMBINTION B Inputs: Resistivity, Gamma Ray, Neutron, XYZ Outputs: Density Data Set R 2 TRN TST PRO PRO well PRO well PRO well PRO well COMBINTION C Inputs: Resistivity, Density, Gamma Ray, XYZ Outputs: Neutron Data Set R 2 TRN TST PRO PRO well PRO well PRO well PRO well
38 1 mile Combination - verification data set well 157 Resistivity (ohm-m) Depth (feet) ctual Network
39 1 mile Combination B - verification data set well 157 Density (g/ccm) Depth (feet) ctual Network
40 1 mile Combination C - verification data set well 157 Neutron (snu) Depth (feet) 3000 ctual Network
41 1 mile Exercise 2 - Upper zone Combination Combination B Combination C Training wells: 157, 168, 169 Training wells: 157, 168, 169 Training wells: 157, 168, 169 Verification well: 174 Verification well: 174 Verification well: 174 Data Set R 2 Data Set R 2 Data Set R 2 TRN TRN TRN TST TST TST PRO well PRO well PRO well Training wells: 157, 168, 174 Training wells: 157, 168, 174 Training wells: 157, 168, 174 Verification well: 169 Verification well: 169 Verification well: 169 Data Set R 2 Data Set R 2 Data Set R 2 TRN TRN TRN TST TST TST PRO well PRO well PRO well Training wells: 157, 174, 169 Training wells: 157, 174, 169 Training wells: 157, 174, 169 Verification well: 168 Verification well: 168 Verification well: 168 Data Set R 2 Data Set R 2 Data Set R 2 TRN TRN TRN TST TST TST PRO well PRO well PRO well Training wells: 174, 169, 168 Training wells: 174, 169, 168 Training wells: 174, 169, 168 Verification well: 157 Verification well: 157 Verification well: 157 Data Set R 2 Data Set R 2 Data Set R 2 TRN TRN 0.81 TRN TST TST TST PRO well PRO well PRO well
42 1 mile Combination - verification data set well 157 Resistivity (ohm-m) Depth (feet) ctual Network
43 1 mile Combination B - verification data set well 157 Density (ccm) Depth (feet) 3000 ctual Network
44 1 mile Combination C - verification data set well 157 DNND (snu) Depth (feet) 3000 ctual Network
45 Combinations of inputs and outputs Exercise 1 - Upper Zone (1000' to 2000') R-squared Combinacion Combinacion B Combinacion C TRN TST PRO PRO well 157 PRO well 168 PRO well 169 PRO well mile
46 Combinations of inputs and outputs Exercise 1 - Lower Zone (2500' to 3500') R-squared TRN TST PRO PRO well 157 PRO well 168 PRO well 169 PRO well 174 Combination Combination B Combination C 1 mile
47 Combinations of inputs and outputs Exercise 2 - Upper Zone (1000' to 2000') R-squared Combination Combination B Combination C PRO well 157 PRO well 168 PRO well 169 PRO well mile
48 Well Location Exercise 2 - Upper Zone (1000' ') R-squared Well 157 Well 168 Well 169 Well Combination Combination B Combination C 1 mile
49 Combinations of inputs and outputs Exercise 2 - Lower Zone (2500' to 3500') R-squared Combination Combination B Combination C PRO well 157 PRO well 168 PRO well 169 PRO well mile
50 Well Location Exercise 2 - Lower Zone R-squared Well 157 Well 168 Well 169 Well Combination Combination B Combination C 1 mile
51 Outline Introduction Location Geology Methodology Results Conclusions
52 Conclusions Synthetic logs with a reasonable degree of accuracy were generated through the approach before described. Best performance was obtained for combination of inputs and outputs, then for combination C, and finally for combination B. ccuracy of synthetic logs may be favored by interpolation of data.
53 Conclusions Quality of data plays a very important role in developing of a neural network model. recommendation for future works is to do a very careful quality control of the data before a neural network model is build. Lithologic heterogeneities in the reservoir do not affect significantly performance of a neural network model in generation of synthetic logs.
SPE demonstrated that quality of the data plays a very important role in developing a neural network model.
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