Name: Period: Math Summer Packet For. Students Entering 7 th Grade

Transcription

1 Name: Period: Math Summer Packet For Students Entering 7 th Grade 1

2 Doral Academy Prep School Math Department Dear Parents and Students, We are assigning this work in an effort to prepare our students for a successful school year, and to provide them with an appropriate way to assist them retaining basic mathematical knowledge needed for the 7 th grade. This work is not intended to be completed in one sitting. It is intended to be completed at a steady pace throughout the summer. It will be the first grade to be entered in the grade book upon returning to school. All exercises have space to show calculations, and calculator answers will not be accepted. All work must be shown to receive the credit. The students may be assisted, and we encourage you use the Glossary included in the school s website, on Mrs. Linette Prats page. Additionally, each section begins with examples to be followed, and you may refer to the provided FCAT 2.0 Reference Sheet. Remember that the educational process is a team effort and we all play vital roles- teachers, parents, and students. Your partners in education, Doral Academy s Math Department Team 2

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5 Big Idea 1: BIG IDEA 1 Develop an understanding of and apply proportionality, including similarity. 1.) It is recommended that for every 8 square feet of surface, a pond should have 2 fish. A pond that has a surface of 72 square feet should contain how many fish? 2.) An 8-ounce glass of Orange juice contains 72 milligrams of vitamin C. How much juice contains 36 milligrams of vitamin C? 3.) 9 is what percent of 30? 4.) What percent of 56 is 14? 5.) Kristen and Melissa spent 35% of their $32.00 on movie tickets. How much money did they spend? 6.) Jake s club has 35 members. Its rules require that 60% of them must be present for any vote. At least how many members must be present to have a vote? 5

6 Objective: Determine rate of increase and decrease, discounts, simple interest, commission, sales tax. Examples: A percent of change is a ratio that compares the change in quantity to the original amount. If the original quantity is increased, it is a PERCENT OF INCREASE. If the original quantity is decreased, it is a PERCENT OF DECREASE. 1.) Determine the percent of change. Round to the nearest whole percent if necessary. State whether the percent of change is an INCREASE or DECREASE. Original: 250 New: ) Determine the sale price to the nearest cent. $39.00 jeans 40% off 3.) Determine the percent of change. Round to the nearest whole percent if necessary. State whether the percent of change is an INCREASE or DECREASE. 4.) Justin is buying a cell phone that has a regular price of $149. The cell phone is on sale for 15% off the regular price. What will be the sale price? Original: $84 New: $100 5.) Alicia planted 45 tulip bulbs last year. This year she plans to plant 65 bulbs. Determine the percent of increase in the number of tulip bulbs to the nearest tenth. **6.) You want to buy a new sweater. The regular price was $48 dollars. The sale price was $34. What was the percent of discount to the nearest percent. 6

7 Big Idea 2: BIG IDEA 2 Develop an understanding of and use formulas to determine surface areas and volumes of threedimensional shapes. Objective: Determine the surface area of geometric solids using rectangular prisms. The sum of the areas of all the surfaces, or faces, of a three-dimensional figure is the surface area. The surface area S of a rectangular prism with length l, width w, and height h is found using the following formula: Example: Find the surface area of the rectangular prism. S = 2lw + 2lh + 2wh You can use the net of the rectangular prism to find its surface area. There are 3 pairs of congruent faces on a rectangular prism: top and bottom front and back two sides Faces Area top and bottom (4 3) + (4 3) = 24 front and back (4 2) _ (4 2) =16 two sides (2 3) + (2 3) = 12 Sum of the areas = 52 Alternatively, replace l with 4, w with 3, and h with 2 in the formula for surface area. S = 2lw + 2lh + 2wh S = Follow order of operations. S = S = 52 So, the surface area of the rectangular prism is 52 square meters. Find the surface area of the rectangular prisms below. Round to the nearest tenth, if necessary. 1.) 2.) 3.) 4.) 5.) A packaging company needs to know how much cardboard will be required to make boxes 18 inches long, 12 inches wide, and 10 inches high. How much cardboard will be needed for each box if there is no overlap in the construction? 6.) Oscar is making a play block for his baby sister by gluing fabric over the entire surface of a foam block. How much fabric will Oscar need? 7

8 Big Idea 3: BIG IDEA 3 Develop an understanding of operations on all rational numbers and solving linear equations. Objective: Add, subtract, and multiply positive fractions and mixed numbers. Examples: To add unlike fractions (fractions with different denominators), rename the fractions so there is a common denominator. Add: = 1x5 = 5 2 = 2 x6 = = x x Add: = 12 1x3 = = 8 2x2 = x x = is improper so we must change it to proper. 7 divided by 6 = = Show your work! 1.) Add: 2.) Add: 3.) Add: 4.) Add: 5.) A quiche recipe calls for 2 3 cups of grated cheese. 4 A recipe for quesadillas requires 1 1 cups of grated 3 cheese. What is the total amount of grated cheese needed for both recipes? 6.) You want to make a scarf and matching hat. The pattern calls for 1 7 yards of fabric for the scarf and yards of fabric for the hat. How much fabric do you 2 need in all? 8

9 Show your work! 1) Subtract: 2) Subtract: 3) Subtract: 4.) Subtract: Subtract: 5.) Melanie had 4 2 pounds of chopped walnuts. She 3 used 1 1 pounds in a recipe. How many pounds of 4 chopped walnuts did she have left? 6.) Lois has 3 1 pounds of butter. She uses 3 pound in 3 4 a recipe. How much does she have left? *Hint: Change to improper fractions first. 9

10 1) x 2) 7 3 x ) x x ) 5) Anna wants to make 4 sets of curtains. Each set requires 5 1 yards of fabric. How much fabric does she 8 need? 6) One sixth of the students at a local college are seniors. The number of freshmen students is 2 1 times that 2 amount. What fraction of the students are freshmen? 10

11 Show your work! Estimate by rounding. Show all your work. 1) ) ) 26.3 x 9.7 4) x ) ) x

12 Objective: Evaluate numeric expressions using order of operations with no more than 4 operations. Use the order of operations to evaluate numerical expressions. 1. Do all operations within grouping symbols first. 2. Evaluate all powers before other operations. 3. Multiply and divide in order from left to right. 4. Add and subtract in order from left to right. Example 1: Evaluate (7 2) 2 5 Example 2: 8 + (1 + 5) (7 2) (1 + 5) 2 4 = (5) 2 5 Subtract first since 7 2 is in parentheses = 8 + (6) 2 4 Add first since is in parentheses = Multiply left to right, 3 5 = 15 = Find the value of 6 2 = Multiply left to right, 2 5 = 10 = Divide 36 by 4 = Add left to right, = 29 = 17 Add 8 and 9 = 19 Subtract 10 from 29 Evaluate each of the following. Show each step! 1.) (2 + 10) ) (6 + 5) (8 6) 3.) (2.8) ) 3 14(10 8) 60 5.) The perimeter of a hexagon is found by adding the lengths of all six sides of the hexagon. For the hexagon below write a numerical expression to find the perimeter. Then evaluate the expression. 6.) Without parentheses, the expression equals 27. Place parentheses in the expression so that it equals 13; then

13 Objective: Determine the unknown in a linear equation with 1 or 2 operations Remember, equations must always remain balanced. Show your work! If you add or subtract the same number from each side of an equation, the two sides remain If you multiply or divide the same number from each side of an equation, the two sides remain equal. Example 1: Solve x + 5 = 11 x + 5 = 11 Write the equation x + 5 = 11 Write the equation - 5 = - 5 Subtract 5 from both sides Check = 11 Replace x with 6 x = 6 Simplify 11 = 11 The sentence is true Example 2: Solve - 21 = - 3y - 21 = - 3y Write the equation - 21 = - 3y Write the equation - 3 = - 3 Divide each side by 3 Check - 21 = - 3(7) Replace the y with 7 7 = y Simplify -21 = - 21? Multiply is the sentence true? Example 3: Solve 3x + 2 = 23 3x + 2 = 23 Write the equation 3x + 2 = 23 Write the equation - 2 = - 2 Subtract 2 from each side 3(7) + 2 = 23? Replace x with 7 3x = 21 Simplify Check = 23? Multiply 3 3 Divide each side by 3 23 = 23? Add is the sentence true? x = 7 Simplify 1.) Solve x 9 = ) Solve 48 = - 6r 3.) Solve 2t + 7 = -1 4.) Solve 4t = ) It costs $12 to attend a golf clinic with a local pro. Buckets of balls for practice during the clinic cost $3 each. How many buckets can you buy at the clinic if you have $30 to spend? 6.) An online retailer charges $6.99 plus $0.55 per pound to ship electronics purchases. How many pounds is a DVD player for which the shipping charge is $11.94? 13

14 Objective: Write an algebraic expression to represent unknown quantities with one unknown and 1 or 2 operations. Examples: The tables below show phrases written as mathematical expressions. Phrases 9 more than a number the sum of 9 and a number a number plus 9 a number increased by 9 the total of x and 9 Phrases 6 multiplied by g 6 times a number the product of g and 6 Expression x + 9 Expression 6g 4 subtracted from a number a number minus 4 4 less than a number a number decreased by 4 the difference of h and 4 a number divided by 5 the quotient of t and 5 divide a number by 5 Expression h - Expression Write each phrase as an algebraic expression. Do not solve. 1.) 7 less than m 2.) The quotient of 3 and y 3.) 7 years younger than Jessica 4.) 3 times as many marbles as Bob has 5) Let t = the number of tomatoes Tye planted last year. This year she planted 3 times as many. Write an algebraic expression to show how many tomatoes Tye planted this year. 6.) Last week Jason sold x number of hot dogs at the football game. This week he sold twice as many as last week, and then he sold 10 more. Write an expression to show how many hot dogs Jason sold this week. 14

15 Supporting Idea 4: Geometry and Measurement Geometry and Measurement Objective: Identify the result of one translation, reflection, or rotation A translation is the movement of a geometric figure in some direction without turning the figure. When translating a figure, every point of the original figure is moved the same distance and in the same direction. To graph a translation of a figure, move each vertex of the figure in the given direction. Then connect the new vertices. Example: Triangle ABC has vertices A(- 4, - 2), B(- 2, 0), and C(- 1, - 3). Find the vertices of triangle A B C after a translation of 5 units right and 2 units up. Add 5 to each x-coordinate Add 2 to each y-coordinate The coordinates of the vertices of A B C are A (1, 0), B (3, 2), and C (4, - 1). 1.) Translate GHI 1 unit left and 5 units down. 2.) Translate rectangle LMNO 3 units up and 4 units right. 3.) XYZ has vertices X(- 4, 5), Y(- 1, 3), and Z(- 2, 0). Find the vertices of X Y Z after a translation of 4 units right and 3 units down. Then graph the figure and its translated image. 4.) Parallelogram RSTU has vertices R(- 1, - 3), S(0, - 1), T(4, -1), and U(3, - 3). Find the vertices of R S T U after a translation of 3 units left and 3 units up. Then graph the figure and its translated image. 15

16 Objective: Graph ordered pairs in a coordinate plane. The coordinate plane is used to locate points. The horizontal number line is the x-axis. The vertical number line is the y-axis. Their intersection is the origin. Points are located using ordered pairs. The first number in an ordered pair is the x-coordinate; the second number is the y-coordinate. The coordinate plane is separated into four sections called quadrants. Example 1: Name the ordered pair for point P. Then identify the quadrant in which P lies. Start at the origin. Move 4 units left along the x-axis. Move 3 units up on the y-axis. The ordered pair for point P is (- 4, 3). P is in the upper left quadrant or quadrant II. Example 2: Graph and label the point M (0, - 4). Start at the origin. Move 0 units along the x-axis. Move 4 units down on the y-axis. Draw a dot and label it M(0, - 4). 1.) Name the ordered pair for each point graphed at the right. Then identify the quadrant in which each point lies. Coordinates Quadrant P (, ) Q (, ) R (, ) S (, ) 3.) Graph and label each point on the coordinate plane. N (3, -1) P (-2, 4) Q (-3, -4) R (0, 0) S (-5, 0) 2.) Find each of the points below on the coordinate plane. Then identify the quadrant in which each point lies. Coordinates Quadrant A (, ) J (, ) B (, ) H (, ) 4.) Graph and label each point on the coordinate plane. D (0, 4) E (5, 5) G (-3, 0) H (-6, -2) J (0, -2) 16

17 Objective: Identify the result of one translation, reflection, or rotation A type of transformation where a figure is flipped over a line of symmetry is a reflection. To draw the reflection of a polygon, find the distance from each vertex of the polygon to the line of symmetry. Plot the new vertices the same distance from the line of symmetry but on the other side of the line. Then connect the new vertices to complete the reflected image. To reflect a point over the x-axis, use the same x-coordinate and multiply the y-coordinate by -1. To reflect a point over the y-axis, use the same y-coordinate and multiply the x-coordinate by -1. Example: Triangle DEF has vertices D(2, 2), E(5, 4), and F(1, 5). Find the coordinates of the vertices of DEF after a reflection over the x-axis. Then graph the figure and its reflected image. Plot the vertices and connect them to form DEF. The x-axis is the line of symmetry. The distance from a point on DEF to the line of symmetry is the same as the distance from the line of symmetry to the reflected image. 1.) ABC has vertices A(0, 4), B(2, 1), and C(4, 3). Find the coordinates of the vertices of ABC after a reflection over the x-axis. Then graph the figure and its reflected image. 2.) Rectangle MNOP has vertices M(- 2, - 4), N(- 2, - 1), O(3, - 1), and P(3, - 4). Find the coordinates of the vertices of MNOP after a reflection over the x-axis. Then graph the figure and its reflected image. 3.) Trapezoid WXYZ has vertices W(-1, 3), X(-1, -4), Y(-5, -4), and Z(-3, 3). ). Find the coordinates of the vertices of WXYZ after a reflection over the y-axis. Then graph the figure and its reflected image. 4.) A corporate plaza is to be built around a small lake. Building 1 has already been built. Suppose there are axes through the lake as shown. Show where Building 2 should be built if it will be a reflection of Building 1 across the y-axis followed by a reflection across the x-axis. 17

18 Objective: Estimate and determine the area of quadrilaterals using parallelograms or trapezoids A trapezoid has two bases, b1 and b2. The height of a trapezoid is the distance between the two bases. The area A of a trapezoid equals half the product of the height h and the sum of the bases b1 and b2. A = ½ h(b1 + b2) Example: Find the area of the trapezoid. Show your work! A = 1/2 h (b1 + b2) Area of a trapezoid A = 1/2 (4) (3 + 6) Replace h with 4, b1 with 3, and b2 with 6. A = 18 The area of the trapezoid is 18 square centimeters. Find the area of each trapezoid. Round to the nearest tenth if necessary. 1.) 2.) 3.) 4.) 5.) Arkansas has a shape that is similar to a trapezoid with bases of about 182 miles and 267 miles and a height of about 254 miles. Estimate the area of the state. 6.) Greta is making a patio with the dimensions given in the figure. What is the area of the patio? 18

19 Objective: Estimate and determine the area of quadrilaterals using parallelograms or trapezoids The area A of a parallelogram equals the product of its base b and its height h. Because rectangles, rhombuses, and squares are all parallelograms, the formula for finding the area of a parallelogram is also used to find the areas of each of these figures. A = bh Example: Find the area of a parallelogram if the base is 6 inches and the height is 3.7 inches. Estimate: A = 6 4 or 24 in 2 Calculate: A =bh Area of a parallelogram A = Replace b with 6 and h with 3.7 A = 22.2 Multiply Show your work! Check: The area of the parallelogram is 22.2 square inches. This is close to the estimate. Find the area of each parallelogram. Round to the nearest tenth if necessary. 1.) 2.) 3.) 4.) 5.) Joyce wants to construct a sail with the dimensions shown. How much material will be used? 6.) Two parallel streets are cut across by two other parallel streets as shown in the figure. What is the area of the grassy 19

20 Objective: Apply given formulas to a problem-solving situation using formulas having no more than three variables. Show your work! 1.) The formula for finding the area of a rectangle is A = L W. Use this formula to find the area of the rectangle. 2.) The formula for finding the area of a triangle is A = 1 bh. Find the area of the triangle below. 2 3.) A trapezoid has two bases (b1 and b2). The formula for finding the area of a trapezoid is: b1 = 8 cm 4.) The formula for finding the volume of a rectangular prism is V = L W H. Find the volume of the box. b2 = 18 cm Find the area of the trapezoid. 5.) Margot planted a rectangular garden that was 18 feet long and 10 feet wide. How many feet of fencing will she need to go all the way around the garden? P = 2L + 2W 6.) Juan ran all the way around a circular track one time. The diameter (d) of the track is 60 meters. The formula for circumference of a circle is C = πd. Use this formula to find out how far Juan ran. 20

21 Objective: Determine the surface area of geometric solids using rectangular prisms. Show your work! Find the surface area of the rectangular prisms below. Round to the nearest tenth, if necessary. 1.) 2.) 3.) A packaging company needs to know how much cardboard will be required to make boxes 18 inches long, 12 inches wide, and 10 inches high. How much cardboard will be needed for each box if there is no overlap in the construction? 4.) Oscar is making a play block for his baby sister by gluing fabric over the entire surface of a foam block. How much fabric will Oscar need? 21

22 Supporting Idea 5: Number and Operations Number and Operations Objective: Use long division to express a rational number as a repeating decimal. Examples: To write a decimal as a fraction, divide the numerator of the fraction by the denominator. Use a power of ten in the denominator to change a decimal to a fraction. Show your work! 1) 2 2.) ) 4)

23 Supporting Idea 6: Data Analysis Data Analysis Objective: Determine the best choice of a data display for a given data set. Examples: Different types of graphs are better suited for certain types of data. Bar Graph Use when comparing data (Ex. Football teams and # of wins) Line Graph Use when data is over time (Ex. Rainfall each month for 1 year) Circle Graph (Pie Graph) Use when data is dealing with $ or % (Ex. Allowance how you spend it) Stem & Leaf Plot Use to show individual data (Ex. Class test scores) Back-to-Back Stem & Leaf Plot Use when comparing 2 large sets of data & showing individual data scores Directions: Look at the following situations and tell what type of graph would be the best choice to display the data. Choose BAR, LINE, CIRCLE, or STEM & LEAF. 1.) How the Federal Government spends each part of your tax dollar 2.) You are keeping track of your little sister s/brother s height from age 3 months to 5 years old. 3.) Lengths of the 5 largest rivers in the world 4.) Number of points scored in each game during the season: 5) 6) 23

24 Supporting Idea 7: Probability Probability 1.) A coin is tossed, and a number cube is rolled. What is the probability of tossing heads, and rolling a 3 or a 5? 2.) A red and a blue number cube are rolled. Determine the probability that an odd number is rolled on the red cube and a number greater than 1 is rolled on the blue cube. 3.) One letter is randomly selected from the word PRIME and one letter is randomly selected from the word MATH. What is the probability that both letters selected are vowels? 4.) What is the probability of spinning a number greater than 5 on a spinner numbered 1 to 8 and tossing a tail on a coin? For questions 5 & 6, use the graph shown at the left. The graph shows the results of a survey in which 50 students were asked to name their favorite X Game sport. 5.) Suppose 500 people attend the X Games. How many can be expected to choose Inline as their favorite sport? 6.) Suppose 500 people attend the X Games. How many can be expected to choose speed climbing as their favor sport? 24

25 Objective: Make predictions and express probability of the results of a survey or simulation as a fraction, decimal, or percent. Examples: Probability is a way to measure the chance that an event will occur. You can use this formula to determine the probability, P, of an event. number of favorable outcomes P = number of possible outcomes Probability can be expressed as a FRACTION, DECIMAL, or PERCENT. A jar contains 10 purple, 3 orange, and 12 blue marbles. A marble is drawn at random. Determine the probability that you will pick a purple marble. Express your answer in a fraction, decimal, and %. Step 1 Determine the total # of marbles = 25 Step 2 Determine the probability of picking a purple marble. P(purple) = number of purple = 10 5 = 2 Total marbles 25 5 = 5 Step 3 Simplify the fraction. Step 4 Convert Fraction to a Decimal Divide. 2 5 = 0.4 Step 5 Convert Decimal to a % - Move decimal 2 places to the right. 0.4 = 40% 1.) A six-sided number cube is rolled, and the spinner below is spun. Determine the probability of rolling a 3 and spinning blue. (B=blue, R=red) Express your answer as a fraction, a decimal, and a %. 2.) When Monica rolled her number cube 100 times, she had these results: What is the experimental probability of rolling a number less than 3? Express your answer as a fraction, a decimal, and a percent. 3.) A jar contains 15 orange, 14 white, 10 pink, 2 green, and 9 blue marbles. A marble is drawn at random. Determine the probability for the following situation. Express your answer in Fraction, Decimal, and % forms. P (not blue) = 5.) A six-sided die is rolled 20 times and the results are recorded as follows: 3 ones, 4 twos, 5 threes, 2 fours, 4 fives, 2 sixes. What is the experimental probability of rolling a number greater than four? Express your answer in Fraction, Decimal, and % forms. 4.) A jar contains 15 orange, 14 white, 10 pink, 2 green, and 9 blue marbles. A marble is drawn at random. Determine the probability for the following situation. Express your answer in Fraction, Decimal, and % forms. P (pink or orange) = 6.) A six-sided die is rolled 25 times and the results are recorded as follows: 4 ones, 5 twos, 5 threes, 3 fours, 4 fives, 4 sixes. What is the experimental probability of rolling a number greater than four? Express your answer in fraction, decimal, and % forms. 25

26 Credit is given to the Fairfax County Public School System for the format of this work packet. 26