PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH. 1. Actual and Allowed LPD 2. Complete Building Method 3. Area Category Method 4. Tailored Method

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Augustine Osborn Berry
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1 PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH 1. Actual and Allowed LPD 2. Complete Building Method 3. Area Category Method 4. Tailored Method

2 THE COMPLIANCE PROCESS There are two major steps to Title 24 compliance: 1. Meet all mandatory requirements by installing required controls and devices and ensuring that they have all of the required functionality. 2. Meet all prescriptive or performance requirements by ensuring that the actual lighting power installed in a space is less than the allowed lighting power for that space. SLIDE 173

3 ACTUAL LIGHTING POWER The actual indoor lighting power of the proposed building area is the total wattage of all planned, permanent and portable lighting systems, adjusted by the following: 1. Reduction of wattage through controls 2. Lighting wattage exclusions 3. Up to 0.3 W/ft 2 of portable lighting for office areas ONLY is excluded SLIDE 174

ACTUAL LIGHTING POWER: REDUCTION THROUGH CONTROLS If you exceed the mandatory controls requirements by installing a control where it is not required, you are eligible for a Power Adjustment Factor

4 ACTUAL LIGHTING POWER: REDUCTION THROUGH CONTROLS If you exceed the mandatory controls requirements by installing a control where it is not required, you are eligible for a Power Adjustment Factor (PAF). This will result in a lower calculated lighting power use for the installed system. ( Controlled W ) X ( PAF from A ) = Lighting Power Reduction For example, a 480 ft 2 open office plan with an occupancy control is eligible for a PAF of 0.2. Given that the controlled lighting in that space totaled 100W : (100W) X (0.2) = 20W of excluded lighting power (80W total) SLIDE 175

5 T Power Adjustment Factors SLIDE 176 SECTION 5

ACTUAL LPD: LIGHTING WATTAGE EXCLUDED Wattage of many lighting

photography and for a videoconferencing studio Equipment that is for

vending machines, scientific and industrial equipment, refrigerated

6 ACTUAL LPD: LIGHTING WATTAGE EXCLUDED Wattage of many lighting applications may be excluded, including: Studio lighting for film or photography and for a videoconferencing studio Equipment that is for sale and for demonstration Lighting installed by the manufacturer in vending machines, scientific and industrial equipment, refrigerated cases, walk-in freezers, and food preparation equipment Photo: Jessie Whiteman SLIDE 177

7 ALLOWED LIGHTING POWER The allowed indoor lighting power for each building or area is calculated using one of the following methods: Complete Building Area Category Tailored Method Each of these methods involves multiplying the square footage of a space by the allowed wattage per square foot for that space. SLIDE 178

8 COMPLETE BUILDING METHOD

9 COMPLETE BUILDING METHOD The Complete Building Method may only be used on projects involving entire buildings with one primary type of use or in mixed-use buildings or tenant spaces where 90% of the spaces have one primary use. This is the simplest way to comply with the Standards, and many will attempt this method first before trying one of the two more complex methods. (TABLE B ) X (floor area of entire building ) = Allowed Lighting Power SLIDE 180

10 CHANGES TO B TYPE OF BUILDING ALLOWED LIGHTING POWER DENSITY (WATTS PER SQUARE FOOT) Office Building SLIDE 181 SECTION 5

11 COMPLETE BUILDING METHOD EXAMPLE A 3,000 square foot office building uses a total of 2,500W of lighting, 500W of which is portable lighting on desks. More than 90% of the building is used for office space. Does this space comply using the Complete Building Method? Step 1: 0.3 W/ft 2 of portable lighting for office areas is excluded. 0.3W x 3,000ft 2 = up to 900W excluded (all 500W in our case) Adjusted actual installed lighting = 2,500W 500W = 2,000W SLIDE 182

12 COMPLETE BUILDING METHOD EXAMPLE A 3,000 square foot office building uses a total of 2,500W of lighting, 500W of which is portable lighting on desks. More than 90% of the building is used for office space. Does this space comply using the Complete Building Method? Step 2: Determine allowed lighting using Table B Offices = 0.8W/ft 2 allowed 3,000ft 2 x 0.8W/ft 2 = 2,400W allowed SLIDE 183

13 COMPLETE BUILDING METHOD EXAMPLE A 3,000 square foot office building uses a total of 2,500W of lighting, 500W of which is portable lighting on desks. More than 90% of the building is used for office space. Does this space comply using the Complete Building Method? Step 3: Does it comply? 2,400W allowed 2,000W installed after adjustments YES! This space is compliant! SLIDE 184

14 FORMS FOR COMPLETE BUILDING METHOD CEC-NRCC-LTI-01-E SLIDE 185 SECTION 5

15 FORMS FOR COMPLETE BUILDING METHOD CEC-NRCC-LTI-03-E SLIDE 186 SECTION 5

16 FORMS FOR PORTABLE LIGHTING IN OFFICES NRCC-LTI-01-E SLIDE 187 SECTION 5

17 AREA CATEGORY METHOD

18 AREA CATEGORY METHOD The total allowed lighting power for the building is the sum of all allowed lighting power calculations for all areas in the building. An area is defined as all adjacent spaces which are associated with a single function type, as listed in TABLE C. (TABLE C ) X (floor area) = Allowed Lighting Power for that area SLIDE 189

19 CHANGES TO C PRIMARY FUNCTION AREA ALLOWED LIGHTING POWER (W/ft 2 ) Office Area > 250 ft Office Area 250 ft SLIDE 190 SECTION 5

20 SLIDE 191 AREA CATEGORY METHOD EXAMPLE

21 LIGHTING SCHEDULE Luminaire Type Example Wattage Quantity Classroom 1x8 linear pendant Linear Fluorescent T8 Finelite series 12-ID 56 6 Corridor Recessed downlight Integral LED Cree CR Conference Room Recessed downlight Integral LED Cree CR x8 linear pendant Integral LED Finelite series 12-ID 56 1 Controls: 1. Both the conference room and classroom have manual dimmer switches 2. corridors are controlled with occupancy sensors that dim to 40% when vacant 3. Linear pendants are equipped with integral occupancy sensors that shut off lighting completely when vacant and allow partial-on control. SLIDE 192 SECTION 5

22 Conference Room 265 ft. 2 Classroom 643 ft. 2 Corridors 512 ft. 2 SLIDE 193

23 CONFERENCE ROOM Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: Calculate actual installed wattage Adjust actual wattage using Power Adjustment Factors Calculate allowed wattage Determine compliance (actual < allowed) SLIDE 194

24 CONFERENCE ROOM Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: Calculate actual installed wattage 104W Adjust actual wattage using Power Adjustment Factors Calculate allowed wattage Determine compliance (actual < allowed) Are the installed controls all mandatory? Do any exceed the standards? SLIDE 195

25 CONFERENCE ROOM Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: Calculate actual installed wattage 104W Adjust actual wattage using Power Adjustment Factors Calculate allowed wattage Determine compliance (actual < allowed) 93W Allowed wattage is determined by multiplying the square footage of the space by the allowed watts per square foot in Table C. SLIDE 196

26 CONFERENCE ROOM Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: Calculate actual installed wattage Adjust actual wattage using Power Adjustment Factors Calculate allowed wattage 371W 104W Determine compliance (actual < allowed) 83W Does the space comply? Is our adjusted installed wattage less than the allowed wattage? SLIDE 197

27 CLASSROOM Actual installed: 56W linear pendants x 6 = PAF Adjustment: (partial on occupancy control in a classroom) Adjusted Installed: Allowed: 643 ft 2 x 1.2W per ft 2 = Does it comply? SLIDE 198

28 CORRIDORS Actual installed: 12W recessed down light x 13 = PAF Adjustment: Adjusted Installed: Allowed: 512 ft 2 x 0.6W per ft 2 = Does it comply? SLIDE 199

29 BRINGING IT ALL TOGETHER Conference Room: Classroom: Corridors: TOTAL: SLIDE 200

30 FORMS FOR AREA CATEGORY METHOD CEC-NRCC-LTI-01-E SLIDE 201 SECTION 5

31 FORMS FOR AREA CATEGORY METHOD CEC-NRCC-LTI-03-E SLIDE 202 SECTION 5

32 FORMS FOR AREA CATEGORY METHOD CEC-NRCC-LTI-03-E SLIDE 203 SECTION 5

33 FORMS FOR MANDATORY CONTROLS REQUIREMENTS CEC-NRCC-LTI-02-E SLIDE 204 SECTION 5

34 FORMS FOR MANDATORY CONTROLS REQUIREMENTS CEC-NRCI-LTI-05-H SLIDE 205 SECTION 5

35 TAILORED METHOD

36 TAILORED METHOD Allowances for each area (just like area category) Allowances for display and task lighting within an area Allowed lighting power is determined by the space s occupancy type and physical characteristics (e.g., ceiling height). See Table D for details. SLIDE 207

37 CHANGES TO D General Illumination Allowed Allowed Primary Function Area Level (Lux) Wall Display Combined Ornamental Financial Transaction Area Malls and Atria Retail Merchandise Sales, and Showroom Areas SLIDE 208 SECTION 5

38 ALLOWANCES UNDER THE TAILORED METHOD The Tailored Method adds additional lighting power allowances for: Wall displays Floor displays Task lighting Ornamental/special effects lighting Very valuable display cases These lighting power allowances cannot be used in any space other than the display or task area. Any wattage not covered by these allowances must be deducted from the general lighting allowance for that area. SLIDE 209

39 EXTERIOR SPACES EXTERIOR SPACES Photo: Cree SLIDE 210

40 LIGHTING ZONES Lighting Zone 1: Government parks, recreation areas and wildlife preserves Ambient Illumination: Dark The local entity with authority over the property will know if the property is a government designated park, recreation area or wildlife preserve. If the park is within a rural or urban area, it might have a higher lighting zone classification. Lighting Zone 2: Rural Areas Ambient Illumination: Low Rural areas are populated with fewer than 2,500 people. SLIDE 211

41 LIGHTING ZONES Lighting Zone 3: Urban Areas Ambient Illumination: Medium An urban area is a densely settled core of a census tract that contains at least 2,500 people. Lighting Zone 4: Special Use District Ambient Illumination: High This zone may only be created by a local government through application to the California Energy Commission and is used for special area types that require a particularly high amount of light. SLIDE 212

42 LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCES The allowed lighting power for a space is determined by measuring the area of the installation and multiplying this number by the lighting power allowance for that space. The actual lighting power is equal to the total watts of all nonexempt lighting systems (including ballast, driver, transformer). SLIDE 213

43 LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCES When determining allowed lighting power, the number of luminaires, their mounting heights, and their layout affect the size of the illuminated area and thus the allowed lighting power for a space. The illuminated area is any hardscape area within a square around each luminaire or pole, less any obstructions. The size of this square is 10 times the luminaire mounting height, with the luminaire in the middle of the square. SLIDE 214

44 CALCULATING THE ILLUMINATED AREA For a pole with a 20 ft. mounting height, our illuminated area would be a square with: 20ft. x 10ft. = 200 ft. sides 100 ft. from pole to edge of illuminated area 200 ft. sides 20 ft. pole at the center of illuminated area SLIDE 215 SECTION 5

45 LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCES Three major areas are considered when determining the allowed lighting power for a space: Area Wattage Allowances (AWA) Determined for the total illuminated hardscape area. Linear Wattage Allowances (LWA) Determined for the total perimeter length of the hardscape, not including areas that are not illuminated. Initial Wattage Allowances (IWA) This may be used once per project site to provide additional wattage for small sites or unusual hardscape geometries. SLIDE 216

46 LIGHTING POWER ALLOWANCES SLIDE 217

47 PLANTERS AND LANDSCAPE AREAS Planters and small landscape areas are included within the general hardscape area as long as the width or length of the inclusion is less than 10 ft, and the inclusion is bordered on at least three sides. Landscape areas that are greater than 10 ft in both width and length are excluded from the general hardscape area calculation, but the perimeter of these exclusions may be included in the linear wattage allowance (LWA) calculation. SLIDE 218

49 STEP 1: DETERMINE THE ILLUMINATED AREA The illuminated area is 10x the mounting height of the pole. The mounting height of our poles is 25, so the illuminated area for each pole is 10 x 25, or 250ft x 250ft. The corner planters are excluded from the illuminated area because they are larger than 10 ft in both width and length. The center island is included because it has a width of only 5 ft. SLIDE 220

50 STEP 2: CALCULATE THE AREA AND PERIMETER The total included hardscape area is: Entire square: (100 x 100) = 10,000 ft 2 - Corner cutouts: 4 x (20 x 20) = -1,600 ft 2 + Entryway: (15 x 10) = +150 ft 2 TOTAL = 8,550 ft 2 The total perimeter area is: 3 Long Sides = 3 x 60 = 180 ft 8 Cutout Sides = 8 x 20 = 160 ft 1 Short Side = 1 x 45 = 45 ft 2 Entry Sides = 2 x 10 = 20 ft TOTAL = 405 ft SLIDE 221

51 STEP 3: CALCULATE ALLOWANCES Using Table A we can determine the Initial, Area and Perimeter Wattage Allowances for the area. ALLOWANCE TYPE ALLOWANCE SPACE SIZE POWER ALLOWANCE Initial 770W - 770W Area 0.09 W/sq. ft. 8,550 sq. ft. 770W Perimeter 0.60 W/ft. 405 ft. 243W SLIDE 222

52 EXTERIOR EXERCISE: STEP 4 DOES IT COMPLY? Assuming each pole is using 300W of lighting power, does the space comply? Initial: Area: Perimeter: 770W 770W 243W TOTAL: SLIDE 223

PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH. 1. Actual and Allowed LPD 2. Complete Building Method 3. Area Category Method 4. Tailored Method

PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH. 1. Actual and Allowed LPD 2. Complete Building Method 3. Area Category Method 4. Tailored Method PRESCRIPTIVE APPROACH 1. Actual and Allowed LPD 2. Complete Building Method 3. Area Category Method 4. Tailored Method THE COMPLIANCE PROCESS There are two major steps to Title 24 compliance: 1. Meet all