Bruce Merry. IOI Training Dec 2013
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- Ethan Cain
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1 IOI Training Dec 2013
2 Outline 1 2
3 Outline 1 2
4 What is GDB? Tool that peeks inside your program Helps examine what is happening Helps trace crashes Integrated into Eclipse, some other IDEs
5 GDB vs debug printing Debug prints are good for: Dumping large amounts of data, when you know what you want to see A debugger is better for: Following the flow of execution Determining the cause of a crash Testing hypotheses as execution proceeds
6 Outline 1 2
7 Compiler Options Do not compile with -O2 Compile with -g to embed debug information On Ubuntu 13.10, use -gdwarf-3 as well
8 Pretty Printers for STL Containers For home use (Ubuntu 13.10): Install libstdc dbg Put the following in.gdbinit: python sys.path.insert(0, /usr/share/gcc-4.8/python ) end This allows STL containers to be pretty-printed
9 Outline 1 2
10
11 Outline 1 2
12 Reminder: assert(condition_that_should_be_true); Use GDB to debug the failure.
13 Outline 1 2
14 Unsafe Containers STL containers do not check for errors: vector<int> v(4); v[4] = 123; // ANYTHING can happen! This is good for performance, bad for.
15 GCC Compile with -D_GLIBCXX_DEBUG. /usr/include/c++/4.8/debug/vector:346:error: attempt to subscript container with out-of-bounds index 4, but container only holds 4 elements. Objects involved in the operation: sequence 0x0x7fffed18fa70 { type = NSt7 debug6vectoriisaiieee; } Aborted (core dumped) Again, use GDB to investigate.
16 Outline 1 2
17 Compiler flag that inserts checks into your code (about 2x slower!) Not specific to STL, so can catch array errors Also catches other errors like use-after-free Available from GCC 4.8
18 Using Compile with -fsanitize=address. Run. ==25928== ERROR: AddressSanitizer: heap-buffer-overflow on address 0x e000 at WRITE of size 4 at 0x e000 thread T0 #0 0x400dfc (/home/bmerry/compolymp/presentations/cxx-debug/src/debugvector+0x400 #1 0x7f4a112a4de4 (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.17.so+0x21de4) #2 0x400c78 (/home/bmerry/compolymp/presentations/cxx-debug/src/debugvector+0x400 0x e000 is located 0 bytes to the right of 16-byte region [0x dff0,0x60 allocated by thread T0 here: #0 0x7f4a11b7684a (/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libasan.so x1184a) #1 0x40161c (/home/bmerry/compolymp/presentations/cxx-debug/src/debugvector+0x401 #2 0x (/home/bmerry/compolymp/presentations/cxx-debug/src/debugvector+0x401 #3 0x4013e2 (/home/bmerry/compolymp/presentations/cxx-debug/src/debugvector+0x401 #4 0x (/home/bmerry/compolymp/presentations/cxx-debug/src/debugvector+0x401 #5 0x400fab (/home/bmerry/compolymp/presentations/cxx-debug/src/debugvector+0x400 #6 0x400da5 (/home/bmerry/compolymp/presentations/cxx-debug/src/debugvector+0x400 #7 0x7f de4 (/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.17.so+0x21de4) The asan_symbolize script can help decide addresses into line numbers (it is not shipped with GCC: you need to download it or install clang).
19 Outline 1 2
20 Separate program; no recompilation necessary More robust and powerful than ASAN Also catches uninitialized data Slower and more memory-hungry
21 Using valgrind./myprogram ==26020== Invalid write of size 4 ==26020== at 0x400A0F: main (debugvector.cpp:7) ==26020== Address 0x5a1a050 is 0 bytes after a block of size 16 alloc d ==26020== at 0x4C2A879: operator new(unsigned long) (in /usr/lib/valgrind/vgpreloa ==26020== by 0x400FB7: gnu_cxx::new_allocator<int>::allocate(unsigned long, void ==26020== by 0x400F02: std::_vector_base<int, std::allocator<int> >::_M_allocate(u ==26020== by 0x400DF0: std::_vector_base<int, std::allocator<int> >::_M_create_sto ==26020== by 0x400C6C: std::_vector_base<int, std::allocator<int> >::_Vector_base( ==26020== by 0x400B43: std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> >::vector(unsigned lon ==26020== by 0x4009F1: main (debugvector.cpp:6)
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