Development of hydraulic calculator for flow calculation through Notches, Weirs and Orifices in Agricultural Water Management.

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1 Development of hydraulic calculator for flow calculation through Notches, Weirs and Orifices in Agricultural Water Management. P.R. Kolhe, M.Tharkar, R Dharskar, S.Desai.S.Joshi 1 Assiatant professor, CAET, Dapoli Abstract To simplify the calculations Hydraulic calculator which is a C programme is developed for 10 different flow measuring devices viz. Rectangular Notch or Weirs, Suppressed Rectangular Weirs, Contracted Rectangular Weirs, Triangular Notch or Weirs, Trapezoidal Notch or Weirs, Broad-crested Weir, Stepped Notch, Large Rectangular Orifice, Fully Submerged Rectangular Orifice and Partially Sub-merged Rectangular Orifice Accurate measurement of irrigation water permits intelligent use of this valuable natural resource. Flow calculation is the determination of the quantity of water that passes through a pipe, conduit or open channel. The calculator was developed for above 4 flow measuring devices using C language Version 3.0 Turbo c++ copyright (c)1990, 1992 by Borland International was developed. Key word: - Notches, weirs, orifices and Waterway 1.INTRODUCTION Soil and water are two very precious resources that the nature has bestowed on planet earth. These are the basic assets, which human being possesses free of cost from nature and the whole agriculture based on these resources. In case of soil and water accurate measurement of irrigation water permits intelligent use of this valuable natural resource. Flow calculation is the determination of the quantity of water that passes through a pipe, conduit or open channel. Flow may be expressed as a rate of volumetric flow in units such as gallons per minute, cubic meters per minute, cubic feet per minute. Rectangular Notch or Weirs, Suppressed Rectangular Weirs, Contracted Rectangular Weirs, Triangular Notch or Weirs, Trapezoidal Notch or Weirs, Broad-crested Weir, Stepped Notch, Large Rectangular Orifice, Fully Submerged Rectangular Orifice and Partially Sub-merged Rectangular Orifice Flow calculation through various flow calculations through Notches, Weirs and Orifices are the most commonly used devices for flow measurement and calculation and waterways are the backbone of water conveyance and distribution system where flow calculation is essential. This paper discusses the different hydraulic calculator for flow calculation through Notches, Weirs and Orifices and Computer Programming Tool in Agricultural Water Management for development of the hydraulic calculator for flow calculation through various waterways.c language program for to develop the hydraulic calculator for flow calculation through various waterways. MATERIALS AND METHODS The methodology used to develop Hydraulic calculator for Flow Calculation. It includes different formulae and theoretical considerations those are used while developing the calculator. It also encapsulates the configuration of the system and information about the used to develop calculator. Configuration of the System Desktop System :- Intel Pentium 4, 2.0 GHz, 1 GB DDR 2-RAM, Intel 845 Series Motherboard, Nvidia Geforce x AGP card, Microsoft Windows TM XP Professional Version 2002 Service Pack 2,Windows Development, Microsoft Access 2000( ) About the platform For the development of Hydraulic Calculator for flow measurement through Waterways, Notches, Weirs & Orifices using C language Version 3.0 Turbo c++ copyright (c)1990, 1992 by Borland International, Inc. following different formulae are used. C language program The programme is prepared in the C language Version 3.0 Turbo c++. To develop the hydraulic calculator for flow calculation through Notches, Weirs and Orifices. #include <stdio.h> #include<math.h> #include<conio.h> #define g 9.81 #define tan45 1 void main() float b,d,e,r,a,s,n,t,z,p,d1,v,q; various waterway*/ float cd,l,h; Rectangular notch or weirs*/ float m1; Triangular notch or weirs*/ float cd1,cd2; Trapezoidal notch or weirs */ Volume 5, Issue 1, January February 2016 Page 42

2 float L1,L2,L3,H1,H2,H3; Stepped notch*/ float Q1,Q2,Q3; Partially sub-merged orifice*/ // this variable used to break the formula in case-11, int kk, choice = 0 ; while (choice!=11) printf("\tto calculate flow through Notches,Weirs & Orifices\n"); printf("\t\t 1.Rectangular Notch or Weirs \n"); printf("\t\t 2.Suppressed Rectangular Weirs \n"); printf("\t\t3.contracted Rectangular Weirs\n"); printf("\t\t 4.Triangular Notch or Weirs \n"); printf("\t\t 5.Trapezoidal Notch or Weirs \n"); printf("\t\t6.broad-crested Weir\n"); printf("\t\t 7.Stepped Notch\n"); printf("\t\t 8.Large Rectangular Orifice\n"); printf("\t\t 9.Fully Submerged Rectangular Orifice\n"); printf("\t\t 10.Partially Sub-merged Rectangular Orifice \n"); printf("\t\t11.exit \n"); printf("\n\t ENTER YOUR CHOICE <1-15>"); scanf("%d",&choice); switch (choice) case 1: /*Trapezoidal waterway*/ ase 5: /* Rectangular notch or weirs */ printf("\n\n\tb.to calculate the flow through Notches,Weirs & Orifices \n\n"); printf("\n\t\t*** 5.Rectangular Notch or Weirs printf("\n\t\t Input values for Rectangular Notch==>\n"); discharge cd\n\t\t\t( )="); printf("\t\t\t Enter the value of Length of crest(m) printf("\t\t\t Enter the value of Head over the crest (m) H="); Q=0; printf("\n\t\toutput value for Rectangular Notch==>\n"); Q=0.66*cd*L*(sqrt(2*g))*pow(H,1.5); printf("\n\t\t\t Discharge through Rectangular Notch Q(m3/s)=%5.2f",Q);/*For print press print key*/ case 2: /* Suppressed rectangular weirs */ printf("\n\n\t\t*** Suppressed Rectangular Weirs printf("\n\tinput values for Suppressed Rectangular Weirs==>\n"); printf("\n\t\tenter the value of Length of crest(cm) printf("\t\tenter the value of Head over the crest (cm) H="); printf("\n\toutput value for Suppressed Rectangular Weir==>\n"); Q=(0.0184*L*pow(H,1.5))/1000; printf("\n\t\tdischarge through Suppressed Rectangular \n\t\t\tweirs Q(m3/s)=%5.2f",Q);/*For print press print key*/ case 3: /* Contracted Rectangular Weirs */ printf("\n\n\t\t*** Contracted Rectangular Weirs printf("\n\tinput values for Contracted Rectangular Weir==>\n"); printf("\n\t\tenter the value of Length of crest(cm) printf("\t\tenter the value of Head over the crest (cm) \th="); printf("\t\tenter the value of no.of end contraction n="); scanf("%f",&n); printf("\n\n\toutput value for Contracted Rectangular Weir==>"); Q=(0.0184*(L-(n/10)*H)*pow(H,1.5)/1000); printf("\n\n\t\tdischarge through Contracted Rectangular \n\t\t\tweirs Q(m3/s)=%5.2f",Q);/* For print press print key*/ case 4 /* Triangular Notch or Weirs */ Volume 5, Issue 1, January February 2016 Page 43

3 printf("\n\n\t\t*** Triangular Notch or Weirs printf("\n\t\tinput value for Triangular Notch==>\n"); discharge \n\t\t\t\t\t\t cd( )="); printf("\t\t\t Enter the value of Head(m) \t\th="); printf("\n\t\t Output value for Tringular Notch==>\n"); Q=0.53*cd*tan45*sqrt(2*g)*pow(H,2.5); printf("\n\t\t\tdischarge through Triangular Notch Q(m3/s)=%5.2f",Q);/*For print press print key*/ case 5: /* Trapezoidal Notch or Weirs */ printf("\n\n\t\t*** Trapezoidal Notch or Weirs printf("\n\t\tinput values for Trapezoidal Notches==>\n"); printf("\n\t\t\t Enter the value of Length of crest(m) L="); printf("\t\t\t Enter the value of Coefficient of discharge for"); printf("\t\t\t\t\trectangular notch ( )cd1="); scanf("%f",&cd1); printf("\t\t\t Enter the value of Coefficient of discharge for"); printf("\t\t\t\t\ttriangular notch cd2( )="); scanf("%f",&cd2); printf("\t\t\t Enter the value of Head of water over notch(m) H="); printf("\n\t\toutput values for Trapezoidal Notch==>\n"); Q=0; Q1=0.66*cd1*L*sqrt(2*g)*pow(H,1.5); printf("\n\t\t\t 1. Q1=%5.2f",Q1); Q2=0.53*cd2*tan45*sqrt(2*g)*pow(H,2.5); printf("\n\t\t\t 2. Q2=%5.2f",Q2); Q=Q1+Q2; printf("\n\t\t\tdischarge through Trapezoidal Notch \n\t\t\tq1+q2 Q(m3/s)=%5.2f",Q);/*For print press print key*/ case 6: /* Broad-crested weir */ printf("\n\n\t\t*** 10.Broad-crested Weirs printf("\n\t\t Input values for Broad-crested Weirs==>\n "); discharge \n\t\t\t\t\t cd( )="); printf("\t\t\t Enter the value of Length of crest(cm) printf("\t\t\t Enter the value of Head(cm) \t\th="); printf("\n\t\toutput values for Broad-crested Weirs==>\n"); Q=(1.705*cd*L*pow(H,1.5))/1000; printf("\n\t\t\tdischarge through Broad-crested Weir Q(m3/s)=%5.2f",Q);/*For print press print key*/ case 7: /* Stepped Notch */ printf("\n\n\t\t*** Stepped Notch printf("\n\t\t Input values for Stepped Notch==>\n"); discharge \n\t\t\t\t( )cd="); printf("\t\t\t Enter the value of Length of notch1(m) L1="); scanf("%f",&l1); printf("\t\t\t Enter the value of Length of notch2(m) L2="); scanf("%f",&l2); printf("\t\t\t Enter the value of Length of notch3(m) L3="); scanf("%f",&l3); "); printf("\n\t\t\t the crest of notch1 H1="); "); printf("\n\t\t\t the crest of notch1 H2="); "); printf("\n\t\t\t the crest of notch1 H3="); scanf("%f",&h3); printf("\n\t\t Output values for Stepped Notch==>\n"); Q1=0.66*cd*L1*sqrt(2*g)*(pow(H1,1.5)- pow(h2,1.5)); printf("\n\t\t\t 1.Q1=%5.2f",Q1); Q2=0.66*cd*L2*sqrt(2*g)*(pow(H2,1.5)- pow(h3,1.5)); printf("\n\t\t\t 2.Q2=%5.2f",Q2); Q3=0.66*cd*L3*sqrt(2*g)*pow(H3,1.5); printf("\n\t\t\t 3.Q3=%5.2f",Q3); Q=Q1+Q2+Q3; printf("\n\t\t\tdischarge through Stepped Notch Q=Q1+Q2+Q3 (m3/s)=%5.2f",q);/*fpr print press print key*/ Volume 5, Issue 1, January February 2016 Page 44

4 case 8: /* Large Rectangular Orifice */ printf("\n\n\t\t***.large Rectangular Orifice printf("\n\t\t Input values for Large Rectangular Weirs==>"); printf("\n\n\t\t\t Enter the value of coefficient of discharge \n\t\t\t\t( )cd="); printf("\t\t\t Enter the value of Height of water above\n\t\t\t\ttop edge of orifice(m) H1="); printf("\t\t\t Enter the value of Height of water above\n\t\t\t\tbottom edge of orifice(m) H2="); printf("\t\t\t Enter the value of Breath of orifice(m) b="); scanf("%f",&b); // printf("\n\n\t\t\t Enter the value of Depth of orifice(m) d="); // scanf("%f",&d); Q =0; printf("\n\t\toutput values for Large Rectangular Orifice==>\n"); Q= 0.66*cd*b*sqrt(2*g)*(pow(H2,1.5)-pow(H1,1.5)); printf("\n\t\t\tdischarge through Large Rectangular Orifice \n\t\t\t\t\torifice Q(m3/s)=%5.2f",Q);/*for print press print key*/ case 9: /* Fully submerged Rectangular orifice */ printf("\n\n\t\t*** 13.Fully Submerged Rctangular Orifice printf("\n\t\t Input values for Fully Rectangular Submerged Orifice==>\n"); discharge \n\t\t\t\t( )cd="); top \n\t\t\t\tedge of orifice(m) H1="); bottom\n\t\t\t\tedge of orifice(m) H2="); printf("\t\t\t Enter the value of Width of orifice(m) b="); scanf("%f",&b); printf("\n\t\t Output values for Fully Submerged Rectangular Orifice==>\n"); Q=cd*b*(H2-H1)*sqrt(2*g*(H2-H1)); printf("\n\t\t\tdischarge through Fully Submerged Rectangular Orifice\n\t\t\t\t Q(m3/s)=%5.2f",Q);/*For print press print key*/ case 10: /* Partially sub-merged orifice */ printf("\n\n\t\t*** 14.Partially Sub-merged Rectangular Orifice printf("\n\t\t Input values for Partially Sub-merged Orifice==>\n"); printf("\n\t\t\tenter the value of Coefficient of discharge\n\t\t\t( ) cd="); top\n\t\t\t edge of orifice(m) H1="); bottom\n\t\t\t edge of orifice(m) H2="); printf("\t\t\t Enter the value for water level difference H(m)="); printf("\t\t\t Enter the value of Width of orifice(m) b="); scanf("%f",&b); printf("\n\t\t Output values for Partially Sub-merged Revtangular Orifice==>\n"); Q1=cd*b*(H2-H)*sqrt(2*g*H); printf("\n\t\t\t 1.Dicharge of sub-merged portion Q1(m3/s)=%5.2f",Q1); Q2=0.66*(cd*b*sqrt(2*g)*(pow(H,1.5)-pow(H1,1.5))); printf("\n\t\t\t 2.Dicharge of free portion Q2(m3/s)=%5.2f",Q2); Q=Q1+Q2; printf("\n\t\t\t 3.Dicharge through Partialy \n\t\t\tsubmerged Rectangular Orifice Q(Q1+Q2)(m3/s)=%5.2f",Q);/*For print press print key*/ // end of case 14 // end of all cases // manin switch statement end // end of 1 start and end brace bracket Output screen of program for Rectangular Notch or Weirs, Suppressed Rectangular Weirs, Contracted Rectangular Weirs, Triangular Notch or Weirs, Trapezoidal Notch or Weirs, Broad-crested Weir, Stepped Notch, Large Rectangular Orifice, Fully Submerged Rectangular Orifice and Partially Sub-merged Rectangular Orifice Volume 5, Issue 1, January February 2016 Page 45

5 2.Conclusion To develop the hydraulic calculator for flow calculation through various flow measuring Rectangular Notch or Weirs, Suppressed Rectangular Weirs, Contracted Rectangular Weirs, Triangular Notch or Weirs, Trapezoidal Notch or Weirs, Broad-crested Weir, Stepped Notch, Large Rectangular Orifice, Fully Submerged Rectangular Orifice and Partially Sub-merged Rectangular Orifice easily so that a common man can calculate it. The calculator was developed for 14 flow measuring devices using C language Version 3.0 Turbo c++ copyright (c)1990, 1992 by Borland International was developed 1. System is platform independent. 2. The Hydraulic calculator was developed to calculate the flow through flow measuring devices. 3. Calculator is user friendly. 4. Calculated values were found nearest to that of onpaper calculations. References [1.] E balagurusamy, 1989 Programming in ANSI C (4E) Tata Mc Graw-Hill Publisher, New Delhi [2.] A M Michel, 2008 Irrigation Theory and Practice Second Edition. UBS Publishers Distributors New Delhi Volume 5, Issue 1, January February 2016 Page 46

6 [3.] Anonyous.1990.Runoff International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement, Netherlands Volume 5, Issue 1, January February 2016 Page 47