Multi-Stage Outlet Structures

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1 Methods in Stormwater Management Using HydroCAD Multi-Stage Outlet Structures H09 Multi-Stage Outlet Structures.pdf 1

2 Topics 1. Multi-State Outlet Structures Definition 2. Orifice and Weir Equations 3. Working Equations 4. Culverts as Outlet Structures 5. Example: Pine Patch Site Post-development 2

3 Outcomes 1. Understand the purpose of multi-stage outlet structures. 2. Be familiar with the orifice and weir equations. 3. Understand culverts as used in multi-stage outlet structures as the primary control device. 4. Understand the process for designing a multistage outlet structure. 3

4 Multiple Stage Outlet Structures Definition: An outlet structure with multiple openings to control runoff from multiple storm events (i.e. 1, 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100-yr events) Typically a combination of several outlet types: Orifices Weirs Drop inlets Spillways Culverts etc. 4

5 Stage Stage Stage 1 Outfall culvert Example sketch of a multiple stage outlet structure 5

6 Orifice Equation q CA 2gh o Developed by solving energy equation from 1 to 2 C is approximately equal to 0.60 (default in stormwater design) Note that h is measured to the center of the orifice opening. h A A e 6

7 q CA 2gh o Horizontal Orifice Equation C is approximately equal to 0.60 (default in stormwater design) Note that h is measured to the face of the orifice opening. Commonly used for grated drop inlets with A being the effective area (minus grate area) A h 7

8 Weir Equation Flow measurement device for gravity flow Developed by solving the energy equation qw CLH 3/2 C coefficient typically changes from 2.7 to 3.3 depending on weir type (US Customary units) Type C Sharp uncontracted weir 3.3 Sharp contracted weir 3.1 Broad crested weir 3.0 Pond earth embankments

9 Weir Equation qw CLH 3/2 L H (a) Section of a contracted rectangular weir. flow H (b) Profile of a rectangular sharp crested weir. 9

10 Weir Equation qw CLH 3/2 flow H W (c) profile of broad crested weir Inflow (d) Pond earth embankment Outflow 10

11 Culvert Equations 11

12 HDS-5 INLET CONTROL for circular concrete pipe 12

13 HDS-5 OUTLET CONTROL for circular concrete pipe 13

14 Culvert Analysis by HY-8 14

15 Multiple Stage Routing in HydroCAD Pine Patch Site Exercise Given: Inflow hydrographs for the 1, 10 and 100-yr events pre-development and post-development conditions. Find: Detention basin size and outlet structure geometry to return postdevelopment peak flows back to pre-development values. Solution: Use HydroCAD to assist in the design process 15

16 Multiple Stage Routing in HydroCAD Edit the POND node (4P) General Tab Node Name: Pond Pond Type: Detention Pond Storage Tab Double click first row in table, select Custom Storage Data Stage Type: Cumulative Storage Embed Inside: Nothing Storage Multiplier: None Voids: 100% 16

17 Multiple Stage Routing in HydroCAD Enter Pond Storage Data Line Elevation (ft) Cumulative Storage (ft 3 ) , , , , , , , ,000 17

18 Multiple Stage Routing in HydroCAD Edit the POND node (4P) Outlets Tab 1. Double click first row in table, select desired device type for first device (culvert) 2. Enter appropriate data for outfall culvert based upon design conditions (must pass 100-yr post-development flow). Use HY-8 charts or trial and error. 3. Examine discharge capability by routing 100-yr event through pond and looking at the discharge tab in the output. 4. Adjust culvert size and re-run the routing until the discharge requirement is met. 18

19 Multiple Stage Routing in HydroCAD Outlets Tab: Stage 1 Device 2 1. Double click second row in table, select desired device type for first stage (Orifice/Grate) Routing: Device 1 Invert Elevation: ft (dry pond) Discharge Multiplier: 1 (only one orifice at this elevation) Rows: 1 2. Use a rectangular orifice, estimate opening dimensions (take a guess). 3. Route the 1-yr event through pond and look at the output to determine if peak reduction criteria is met. 4. Adjust orifice opening dimensions and re-route the 1-yr hydrograph 5. Repeat adjustments until peak reduction criteria is satisfied. 19

20 Multiple Stage Routing in HydroCAD Outlets Tab: Stage 2 Device 3 1. Double click third row in table, select desired device type for second stage (Orifice/Grate) Routing: Device 1 Invert Elevation: Set to max water surface elevation in 1-yr routing. Discharge Multiplier: 1 and Rows: 1 2. Use a rectangular orifice, estimate the opening dimensions. 3. Route the 10-yr event through pond and look at the output to determine if peak reduction criteria is met. 4. Adjust orifice opening dimensions and re-route the 10-yr hydrograph 5. Repeat adjustments until peak reduction criteria is satisfied. 20

21 Multiple Stage Routing in HydroCAD Outlets Tab: Stage 3 Device 4 1. Double click fourth row in table, select desired device type for third stage (Sharp-Crested Rectangular Weir) Routing: Device 1 Invert Elevation: Set to max water surface elevation in 10-yr routing. Discharge Multiplier: 1 (?) End Contractions: 2 2. Estimate the Crest length of the weir (take an educated guess) 3. Calculate the Crest height (Invert elevation - pond bottom elevation) 4. Route the 100-yr event through pond and look at the output to determine if peak reduction criteria is met. 5. Adjust weir opening dimensions and re-route the 100-yr hydrograph 6. Repeat adjustments until peak reduction criteria is satisfied. 21

22 Summary Topics 1. Multi-State Outlet Structures Definition 2. Orifice and Weir Equations 3. Working Equations 4. Culverts as Outlet Structures 5. Example: Pine Patch Site Post-development Outcomes 1. Understand the purpose of multi-stage outlet structures. 2. Be familiar with the orifice and weir equations. 3. Understand culverts as used in multistage outlet structures as the primary outlet device. 4. Understand the process for designing a multi-stage outlet structure. 22

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