The Swarm Electrification Concept

Transcription

1 The Swarm Electrification Concept Energy and Development, TU Berlin by Daniel Philipp, Brian Edlefsen Lasch, Hannes Kirchhoff and Joseph Theune Forschungsschwerpunkt Mikroenergie-Systeme (MES) Technische Universität Berlin MES Mini-Grid Research Team

2 What is electrification? 2 MES Mini-Grid Research Team

3 Overview Background and motivation- (15 min) What is currently used? (15 min) Workshop: How to design a paradigm shift in rural electrification? (30 min) Presentation of Workshop Results (20 min) Mini-Feedback (5 min) 3 MES Mini-Grid Research Team

4 The Market According to the United Nations Foundation: 1.3 billion people worldwide lack access to electricity Additional one billion people s access is of poor quality off-grid and temporary on-grid areas are a huge market The Energy for All Case (IEA) expects: 30% of rural areas can be electrified via centralized grids 70% of rural areas can be electrified either with minigrids or with small stand-alone off-grid solutions 4 MES Mini-Grid Research Team

5 MES s Perspective The focus is micro empowerment from the bottom-up Individual households and businesses are the basis for the development Technology is based on the identified end-user needs Implementation with End-User Financing (Microfinancing) 5 MES Mini-Grid Research Team

6 Change of perspective to a bottom-up process off-grid far-from-grid 6 MES Mini-Grid Research Team

7 Energy Access? 7 MES Mini-Grid Research Team

8 Actors in Energy Access Utility- large scale Timeline is uncertain Supply is often unreliable Decision making is top-down End-User- small scale Often need (micro)- financing O&M mainly by the end-user Decision making is bottom-up 8 MES Mini-Grid Research Team

9 A Standard Approach- Solar Home Systems Micro-financed solar home systems (SHS) 20 Wp to 85 Wp panels (or bigger) Lead acid batteries Efficient 12 V direct current loads (e.g. LED lights) Three day autonomy in case of cloudy conditions Payback period of 1 to 3 years 9 MES Mini-Grid Research Team

10 Million sold SHS Solar Home Systems installed in Bangladesh Data from IDCOL (2013) 10 MES Mini-Grid Research Team

11 Where are the Clients of an MFI? MFI Peri- Peri-Urban Rural Urban MFI Branch 11 MES Mini-Grid Research Team

12 Electrification and MicroEnergy MFI Close-to- Grid Off-Grid Temporary On-Grid / On-Grid 12 MES Mini-Grid Research Team

13 Swarm Building MFI Close-to- Grid Off-Grid Temporary On-Grid / On-Grid 13 MES Mini-Grid Research Team

14 Inspirations from the field Bangladesh, Namibia, Tanzania, Philippines 14 MES Mini-Grid Research Team

15 Challenges Faced SHSs Serve only basic needs Productive use is limited Excess generation is dumped Minigrid Unable to recover capital costs Capacity is quite inflexible High risks are associated for investor Grid Extension Timeline is uncertain Frequent outages occur Large amounts of capital are required 15 MES Mini-Grid Research Team

16 Our proposition: 16 MES Mini-Grid Research Team

17 Workshop Group 1: AC or DC? About safety, appliances and flexibility- Daniel. Group 2: Mesh or bus? How topology matters. Hannes. Group 3: Smart swarms?- The role of ICTs- Brian. Group 4: Link the interlinked?- How to grow the swarm.- Joseph. 17 MES Mini-Grid Research Team

18 Group 1: AC or DC? About safety, appliances and flexibility- Daniel. 18 MES Mini-Grid Research Team

19 Group 2: Mesh or bus? How topology matters. Hannes. 19 MES Mini-Grid Research Team

20 Group 3: Smart swarms? The role of ICTs. -Brian. 20 MES Mini-Grid Research Team

21 Group 4: Link the interlinked?- How to grow the swarm.- Joseph. 21 MES Mini-Grid Research Team

22 Presentation of Results Group 1: AC or DC? About safety, appliances and flexibility- Daniel. Group 2: Mesh or bus? How topology matters. Hannes. Group 3: Smart swarms?- The role of ICTs- Brian. Group 4: Link the interlinked?- How to grow the swarm.- Joseph. 22 MES Mini-Grid Research Team

23 Summary Starting from the Status Quo Flexible development, supply follows demand closely Enhanced productive use Three phase bottom-up process Multiple financing options Research ahead 23 MES Mini-Grid Research Team

24 Thank you for your participation! Source: NY Times 24 MES Mini-Grid Research Team