Common Career/Skills Framework Version 1

Transcription

1 Common Career/Skills Framework Version 1 Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry Information-technology Promotion Agency, Japan

2 Contents 1. Background of the Common Carrier/Skills Framework 1 2. Objective of the Common Career/Skills Framework 2 3. Structure of the Common Career/Skills Framework 3 (1) Career and level 3 (2) Knowledge and skills 8 (3) Body of knowledge (BOK) 9 4. Relationship between the Common Career/Skills Framework and the Three Skill Standards Relationship between the Common Career/Skills Framework and Information Technology Engineers Examination Future Courses of Action 16 [Attachment 1] 17 Body of Knowledge (BOK)

3 1. Background of the Common Carrier/Skills Framework Under the current circumstances where information technology (IT) is widely recognized in society as an infrastructure essential for economic activities and people s lives, Japan faces an urgent issue development of advanced IT human resources who will play a leading role in enhancing the international economic competitiveness of Japan and supporting the healthy development of social systems. Advanced IT human resources are defined as people with sophisticated expertise in IT and other areas who can use that expertise in actual business situations to deliver creative business solutions to resolve issues, generate added value, and create business innovation. Such human resources are required to have deep insight and rich experience. As the key people who will support Japan in the future, these human resources are required to lead Japan by demonstrating vision, motivating their team members, developing and guiding younger people, and promoting the potential exploitation of IT in the embedded software industry mainly in the IT service and manufacturing segments as well as general businesses with employees involved in IT toward the ultimate goal of contributing to the invigoration of Japan s economy and the improvement of people s lives. In response to the awareness of this issue, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry set up in October 2006 the Human Resources Development Working Group under the Information Service and Software Subcommittee of the Information Economy Committee within the Industrial Structure Council. In July 2007, the working group drafted a report titled Toward Developing Advanced IT Human Resources. 1 The report summarized Skill Standard for IT Professionals (ITSS), Embedded Technology Skill Standards (ETSS), and Users Information Systems Skill Standards (UISS) and defined the correspondence of these standards to the Information Technology Engineers Examination along with a statement that it was necessary to build an objective human resources development/assessment mechanism. This document is designed to summarize the common career/skills framework considered as the core for the human resources development project by the report

4 2. Objective of the Common Career/Skills Framework The common career/skills framework is designed to develop and assess advanced IT human resources needed in these circumstances and summarizes the necessary human resources models along with the required skills and roles (contributions). The framework is intended to provide common models that can be referred to by the IT human resources assessment indicators, including the three skill standards Skill Standard for IT Professionals, Embedded Technology Skill Standards, and Users Information Systems Skill Standards and Information Technology Engineers Examination. The framework also aims to provide IT human resources with a framework that allows them to understand that even after a transfer to a different business domain or job, a different level and different skills/knowledge are required, and is also a help to provide the growth goal to achieve as professionals. In addition, the framework sets forth the objectives of sophisticating the human resources assessment mechanism, pressing ahead with practical education through collaboration between industries and universities, and promoting efforts to develop international human resources in order to allow assessment, development and mobilization of human resources across industry sectors, business categories, and international boundaries, thereby improving the quality of the advanced IT human resources in Japan and securing a sufficient quantity of people in foreign countries as well. 2

5 3. Structure of the Common Career/Skills Framework (1) Career and level (a) Career The careers in the common career/skills framework cover three human resources categories along with the related subcategories and six human resources models. 2 Human resources categories: (i) Basic strategy category human resources Creating added value in Planning basic strategies for resolving issues through IT The appropriate human resources model is the Strategist. (ii) Solution category human resources Implementing high-reliability systems and increasing productivity Designing and developing systems and controlling highly reliable, productive operations. The appropriate human resources models are the Systems Architect, Service Manager, Project Manager, and Technical Specialist. (iii) Creation category human resources Creating technological innovation Developing social and economic frontiers using new core technologies The appropriate human resources model is the Creator. 2 Besides the six human resources models defined as job types, the Skill standard for IT professionals defines education jobs. 3

6 Table 1 Human Resources Categories and Models Covered by the Common Career/Skills Framework Human Resources Category Human Resources Model Common Career/Skills Framework Role of Human Resources Model Required Abilities or Skill Set Basic Strategy Strategist Plays a leading role in increasing business values using IT. Market strategist: Analyzes and predicts trends in the company, business projects, products, and the service markets to plan business strategies, including enterprise and sales strategies, and then checks them against corporate policy to propose solutions to the issues. Business model strategist: Proposes or develops IT utilization strategies or proposes products that make use of IT based on the corporate business strategy and defines the operational risks and associated investment effect so that the strategist can explain them to. Business process strategist: Optimizes specific business processes. Embedded product strategist: Develops a strategy covering the stages from strategy planning for a certain product to IT-based functional implementation, maintenance, and disposal. Control engineer at individual processes: Executes the design, construction, and operation for controlling processes using advanced IT skills. Ability to discern changes in the business environment and visualize new business model strategies Ability to model and structure corporate activities, including EA (Enterprise Architecture) and specific business processes Knowledge of associated processes (e.g. how to control power plants) Knowledge of structuring a set of data items at a certain corporation 4

7 Common Career/Skills Framework Human Human Required Abilities or Skill Set Resources Resources Role of Human Resources Model Category Model Designs Defines the requirements necessary <Development segment> systems most for construction of solution and Knowledge of IT structural changes Systems architect appropriate for the business development of embedded products based on the IT strategy to design Knowledge and experience of specific development models and techniques strategies. the architectures necessary for the Ability to achieve the optimal combination implementation. of hardware, software, and network for a Solution Project manager Manages reliable system construction under given constraint conditions (e.g. quality, cost, and delivery time). Responsible for implementation As a responsible person of the system development project, plans the project and secures the required human and other resources to carry out the project with responsibility for the budget, delivery time, and required quality. Designs and constructs the required system applications as part of the specific IT solution strategy Project ability (ability to mange resources allocation) Set of engineering abilities (for quotation, quality, etc.) Communication ability Ability to globally procure IT resources <Operation/audit segment> Knowledge of individual risk factors and measures to address the risks factors Cost analysis ability Technical specialist in the technical domains such as database, designed architecture and constructs an optimal system infrastructure using specific network. technologies for networks, databases, security, etc. Maintaining Provides highly safe and reliable systems while services by ensuring stable continuously operations of the constructed securing high systems and products and by Service manager reliability. minimizing damage in the event of a failure; verifies the required functional requirements, non-functional requirements, reliability, and stability of the constructed systems and products. 5

8 Common Career/Skills Framework Human Human Required Abilities or Skill Set Resources Resources Roles of Human Resources Model Category Model Brings about Develops new programming Vision of the direction of IT architecture social/economic languages, core technologies revolution innovation by (including OSs), and new business Ability to conceive meta-level IT concepts Creation Creator creating new core models and proposes innovative, highly potential solutions. including development languages, environments, and processes technologies. Knowledge of basic core technologies of OSs, databases, and networks Educating Develops IT human resources by Knowledge of basic core technologies of Other (No description) about Skill Standard for IT educating and training IT human resources in businesses and other OSs, databases, and networks and the techniques required for education in Professionals organizations. software engineering 6

9 (b) Level definition The common career/skills framework defines seven levels (1 to 7) according to the levels of the abilities required for human resources and the roles (contributions) they should play. Table 2 Level Level 7 Level 6 Level 5 Level 4 Level 3 Level 2 Level 1 Levels defined by the Common Career/Skills Framework Definition World-class, high-end player with advanced knowledge and skills: Defined as human resources recognized throughout the world who have experience and achievements in successfully leading development, restructuring of business operations, and marketing of industry leading services. Domestic-level, high-end player with advanced knowledge and skills: Defined as human resources widely recognized inside and outside their organizations who have professional experience and achievements not only within their organizations but also in the industry. In-house, high-end player with advanced knowledge and skills: Defined as professionals who have rich experience and achievements to lead their organizations. Defined as professionals with advanced knowledge and skills who are able to perform tasks and deliver work instructions based on experience and achievements as well as to formulate the experience required for professionals as formal knowledge to develop younger people. Defined as human resources with practical knowledge and skills who are able to perform all required tasks on their own. Defined as human resources with basic knowledge and skills who are able to perform tasks with a certain degree of difficulty or part of the required tasks on their own. Defined as human resources with the minimum knowledge and skills required for people involved in information technology who are able to perform tasks under guidance. 7

10 (c) Determining career levels based on the common career/skills framework (i) For Levels 1 to 3, persons passing the Information Technology Engineers Examination corresponding to the respective levels may be considered to have satisfied the entry criteria 3 for the appropriate levels and achieved required skills defined for each level. (ii) For Level 4, besides the results of the Information Technology Engineers Examination, the professional background is checked and the person is interviewed to determine the experience and achievements based on the assessment criteria of each skill standard. (iii) For Level 5 and higher, the experience and achievements, including contributions as professionals, are checked and peer reviews of a higher or the same level are performed to determine whether or not the person is qualified based on the assessment criteria of each skill standard. (2) Knowledge and skills Advanced IT human resources are required to have advanced skills. The skills in this context mean the ability to apply knowledge to yield results. Consequently, it is absolutely imperative to have knowledge about the appropriate area before acquiring skills. (a) Knowledge The required knowledge is generally divided into the following three segments: (i) knowledge associated with technology, including computer languages, algorithms, and system design and development; (ii) knowledge associated with, including development and operations; and (iii) knowledge associated with strategies, including business (industries) knowledge, products knowledge, knowledge of compliance and pertinent laws/regulations, and knowledge of business strategy. The knowledge can be acquired to a certain degree through learning, which will not, however, directly lead to skills that yield results. Knowledge is considered to be an element required to demonstrate the skills. 3 Criteria by which to judge whether human resources satisfy the requirements for the appropriate level 8

11 (b) Skills On the other hand, skills are acquired through the use of knowledge and experience with actual projects. This means that skill acquisition requires participation in projects to accumulate hands-on experience. The required skills can be divided into two groups: technical skills and non-technical (human) skills, including the ability to manage teams and secure coordination between stakeholders, which are developed through experience. The higher levels require more non-technical skills than technical skills. It must be remembered, however, that in addition to non-technical skills, even higher-level human resources are required to continuously acquire knowledge and reinforce their skills through actual activities in consideration of changes in technology and the industrial structure. (3) Body of knowledge (BOK) The knowledge required for Levels 1 to 4 defined by the common career/skills framework has been organized as the BOK (Body Of Knowledge). This allows reference to what must be learned for each career defined by each skill standard through a common BOK as shown in Figure 1. 9

12 Common Career/Skills Framework Basic strategy Strategist Solution Creation Systems architect Project manager Technical specialist Service manager Creator BOK (body of knowledge) for the Common Career/Skills Framework Reference Job category Job category Job category Job category Job category Job category Job category Knowledge item / skill item Knowledge item / skill item Knowledge item / skill item Knowledge item / skill item Knowledge item / skill item Knowledge item / skill item Knowledge item / skill item UISS specific ITSS-UISS common ITSS specific ETSS-ITSS common ETSS specific UISS ITSS Skill Standards ETSS Figure 1 Structure of the Body of Knowledge and Skill Standards (Levels 1 to 4) 10

13 4. Relationship between the Common Career/Skills Framework and the Three Skill Standards Currently, the following three standards associated with information technology are available. (1) Skill Standard for IT Professionals (ITSS) The Skill Standard for IT Professionals is a navigation guide that defines and organizes the abilities required to provide various types of IT services. The valuable common framework for developing and training IT service professionals is designed for human resources in vendors, who mainly develop and provide systems. (2) Embedded Technology Skill Standards (ETSS) The Embedded Technology Skill Standards is a navigation guide for developing and making effective use of optimal human resources for embedded software development and is designed for human resources who develop embedded systems. (3) Users Information Systems Skill Standards (UISS) The Users Information Systems Skill Standards is a navigation guide that organizes the skills required at user corporations and organizations that employ information systems based on the software life cycle processes ranging from system planning and development to maintenance and operations. The UISS is designed for human resources involved in IT from the viewpoint of information system users. Because of the different characteristics and different target human resources, the three skill standards have developed independently. Under these circumstances, the common career/skills framework has been designed as a reference model so that each skill standard can make reference to the careers and skills required by the other standards (Figure 2). Table 3 summarizes the correspondence between the job categories and human resources models defined by the skill standards and the human resources categories and models defined by the common career/skills framework. It is desirable that each skill standard should be applied according to their intended purpose with reference to knowledge items defined by the common career/skills framework. (For more detailed information, see each skill standard.) 11

14 Information Technology Engineers Examination Skill Standard for IT Professionals (ITSS) Conformance Reference Users Information Systems Skill Standards (UISS) Reference Common Career / Skills Framework Reference Embedded Technology Skill Standards (ETSS) Figure 2 Common Career/Skills Framework as a Reference Model 12

15 Table 3 Correspondence of the Job Categories between the Common Career/Skills Framework and the Skill Standards Common Career/Skills Framework Human Human Resources Resources Category Model Job Types Defined by the Skill Standards Skill Standard Embedded Users Information for IT Technology Skill Systems Skill Professionals Standards Standards Basic strategy Strategist Marketing Sales Consultant Product manager Business strategist IS strategist Program manager IS analyst Systems architect IT architect Systems architect IS architect Project manager Project manager Project Bridge SE Development process Project manager improvement specialist Domain specialist Solution Technical specialist IT specialist Application specialist Software development Software engineer Development environment engineer QA specialist Application designer System designer Test engineer IS operation Service manager Customer service IT service (No description) IS administrator Security administrator IS staff IS auditor Creation Creator (No description) Other (No description) Education (No description) (No description) 13

16 5. Relationship between the Common Career/Skills Framework and Information Technology Engineers Examination As a rule, the Information Technology Engineers Examination for April 2009 and afterwards 4 are designed to conform to the common career/skills framework. (See Figure 3.) (1) The examinations will be targeted for Levels 1 to 4 of the following five human resources models: strategist, systems architect, project manager, service manager, and technical specialist. (Human resources in creator category and those subject to ITSS education are excluded from the target of the examinations.) (2) For Levels 1 to 3 defined by the common career/skills framework, common examinations for the five target human resources models will be established, which will serve as the entry criteria for the respective levels. Specifically, the examinations are the IT Passport Examination for Level 1, Fundamental Information Technology Engineer Examination for Level 2, and Applied Information Technology Engineer Examination for Level 3. (3) The examinations for Level 4 will be collectively called advanced examinations. Specifically, they are the IT Strategist Examination for strategists, Systems Architect Examination for systems architects and some technical specialists, Project Manager Examination for project managers, and IT Service Manager Examination for service managers. For technical specialists, the examinations will be targeted for the specific technical areas as the Network Specialist Examination, Database Specialist Examination, and Embedded Systems Specialist Examination. In addition, the Information Security Specialist Examination and Systems Auditor Examination will be established for technical specialists and service managers, respectively. To obtain Level 4 engineer qualification, the candidate must pass the appropriate advanced examination, and the professional background and achievements must be checked and determined by the appropriate company or organization through an interview or similar process based on the assessment criteria defined by the skill standards. It should be noted that the Systems Auditor Examination will be continued as an independent advanced examination. 4 Pertinent material: Explanation of the system: 14

17 Common Career/Skills Framework Advanced (professional) examinations Information System / Embedded System Vender Side / User Side Independent Level 4 IT Strategist Examination Systems Architect Examination Project Manager Examination Network Specialist Examination Database Specialist Examination Embedded Systems Specialist Examination Information Security Specialist Examination IT Service Manager Examination Systems Auditor Examination (ST) (SA) (PM) (NW) (DB) (ES) (SC) (SM) (AU) Level 3 Applied Information Technology Engineer Examination (AP) Level 2 Fundamental Information Technology Engineer Examination (FE) Level 1 IT Passport Examination (IP) Figure 3 Correspondence between the Levels Defined by the Common Career/Skills Framework and the New Information Technology Engineers Examination 15

18 6. Future Courses of Action (1) Revision of the common career/skills framework It is anticipated that the skill standards will define new skills and knowledge items in response to the demands of the times. Based on the revisions to the skill standards, the body of knowledge (BOK) for the common career/skills framework will be appropriately revised according to advances in technology. (2) Curriculum Standard J07 Correspondence between Curriculum Standard J07 in the Specialized Information Courses 5 and the body of knowledge for the common career/skills framework will be reorganized to make a contribution to the promotion of communication between businesses and universities, and then to promote the development of advanced IT human resources. 5 Announced by Information Processing Society of Japan on March 13, See 16

19 [Attachment 1] Body of Knowledge (BOK) Area Major Category Middle Category Minor Category Examples of Acquired Knowledge 1 Basic theory 1 Basic theory 1 Discrete mathematics 2 Applied mathematics binary number, radix, numeric representation, operational precision, set, Venn diagram, logical operation, proposition probability and statistics, numerical analysis, formula manipulation, graph theory, queueing theory Technology 3 Theory of information 4 Theory of communications coding theory, predicate logic, automaton, formal language, computational complexity, artificial intelligence, knowledge engineering, learning theory, compiler theory, theories of programming language/semantics transmission theory (including transmission path, modulation/demodulation, multiplexing, error detection/correction, and signal synchronization) 5 Theory of measurement and control signal processing, feedback control, feedforward control, response characteristics, control stability, various types of control, types of sensors and actuators along with their operating characteristics 2 Algorithm and programming 1 Data structure stack and queue, list, array, tree structure, binary tree 2 Algorithm sorting, merging, searching, recursion, string processing, understanding of flow charts, design of algorithms 3 Programming programming based on existing languages (programming convention, program structure, data type, grammatical notation) 4 Programming languages types and characteristics of programming languages (assembler language, C, C++, COBOL, Java, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, and other languages) 2 Computer system 3 Computer component 5 Other languages types of markup languages (HTML, XML, and others) and their characteristics, SDL (Specification and Description Language), ADL (Architecture Description Language) 1 Processor types, configurations/operating principles, interruption, performance and characteristics, structure and method, instruction and addressing of computers/processors; RISC and CISC 2 Memory types and characteristics of memory, configuration and hierarchy of memory system (cache, main memory, auxiliary storage, and others), access method, RAM file, capacity and performance of memory, types and characteristics of storage media 3 Bus types and characteristics of bus, configurations of bus system, control methods for bus, access modes for bus, capacities and performances of bus 4 System component 4 Input/output interface 5 Input/output device 1 System configuration 2 System evaluation indexes input/output interface, device driver, synchronization with a device, analog-digital conversion types of input/output devices and their characteristics, input device, output device, display, auxiliary storage and storage media, communication controller, drive, imaging device system processing mode, system usage, and system application areas, client/server system, Web system, thin client system, fault tolerant system, NAS, SAN, P2P, high performance computing (HPC), cluster system performance index, system performance characteristics and evaluation, significance and purpose of system reliability/cost efficiency, reliability calculation, reliability indicator, reliability characteristics and evaluation, cost efficiency evaluation, capacity planning 5 Software 1 Operating system (OS) types and characteristics of OSs, functions of OSs, multiple programming, virtual memory, job, process/task, data, input/output, memory, interruption 17

20 Area Major Category Middle Category Minor Category Examples of Acquired Knowledge 2 Middleware roles and functions of various types of middleware (APIs including OSs, libraries, componentware, and shells), selection and use of middleware 3 File system types and characteristics of file systems, access methods, search methods, directory, backup methods, and file organization 4 Development tools 5 Open source software design tool, construction tool, testing tool, language processing tools (compiler, interpreter, linker, loader), CASE, emulator, simulator, in-circuit emulator (ICE), tool chain, integrated development environment types and characteristics of OSS; UNIX-family OSs; open source community; LAMP/LAPP; use/application, considerations (safety, defects, etc.), and trends of OSS 6 Hardware 1 Hardware electric/electronic circuit, machine/control, logic design, components along with elements and implementation, semiconductor element, system LSI, SoC (System On a Chip), power consumption 3 Technology 7 Human 1 Human interface information architecture, GUI, sound recognition, image recognition, video recognition, element interface technology feature extraction, learning function, interactive system, usability 2 Interface design form design, screen design, code design, Web design, human-centered design, universal design 8 Multimedia 1 Multimedia technology 2 Multimedia application 9 Database 1 Database architecture authoring environment, sound processing, static image processing, video processing, media integration, compression/decompression, MPEG AR (Augmented Reality), VR (Virtual Reality), CG (Computer Graphics), media application types of databases and characteristics, database models, DBMS 2 Database design data analysis, database logic design, data normalization, database performance design, physical database design 3 Data manipulation database manipulation, languages for manipulating databases (SQL and others), relational algebra 4 Transaction processing 5 Database application 10 Network 1 Network architecture 2 Data communication and control 3 Communications protocol 4 Network 5 Network application exclusive control, recovery processing, transaction, database performance improvement, data control data warehouse, data mining, distributed database, repository, metadata types and characteristics of networks (WAN/LAN, wired/wireless, and others), Internet technology, computation relating to line, packet switched network transmission methods and line, internetworking device, digital service unit, OSI model, media access control (MAC), data link control, routing control, flow control protocol and interface, TCP/IP, HDLC, CORBA, HTTP, DNS, SOAP, IPv6 Network operations (SNMP), fault, performance, traffic monitoring Internet, intranet, extranet, mobile communication, network OS, communications service 18

21 Area Major Category Middle Category Minor Category Examples of Acquired Knowledge 11 Security 1 Information security 2 Information security 3 Security technology evaluation 4 Information security measures 5 Security implementation technology encryption technology (public key, private key, DES, RSA, and others), authentication technology (digital signature, message authentication, time authentication, and others), user authentication (callback, ID/password, and others), biometric authentication technology, public key infrastructure (PKI), governmental public key infrastructure (GPKI, bridge certification authority, and others) overview of information assets and risks, types of risks, risk analysis and evaluation, measures against risks, information security policy, ISMS, development of security regulations for corporate activities evaluation method, assurance level, ISO/IEC human security measures, technical security measures (measures against cracking, viruses, and others), physical security measures secure OS, application security, secure programming 4 Develop- 12 System 1 System system requirements definition (function, performance, requirements of business ment development requirements operations/organization and users, design requirements, qualification requirements), system technology technology definition requirements evaluation 2 Systems establishment of the architecture at the highest level of the system (functional partitioning architecture among hardware, software, and manual operations; hardware architecture; software design architecture, application architecture; database architecture; and others), systems architecture evaluation 3 Software establishment of software requirements (functions, performance, interface, and others), requirements software requirements evaluation, hearing, use case, prototype, DFD, E-R diagram, UML definition 4 Software design of software structure and components, interface design, software unit test design, architecture software integration test design, software quality, review, walkthrough, software design design and evaluation, process-oriented design, data-oriented design, structured design, object-oriented software detailed design, module design, design pattern design 5 Software coding software coding, coding convention, code review, debugging, test method, test preparation and testing (test environment, test data, and others), test implementation, test result evaluation 6 Software test planning, test preparation (test environment, test data, and others), test implementation, integration and test result evaluation software qualification tests 7 System integration test planning, test preparation (test environment, test data, and others), test implementation, and system test result evaluation, tuning qualification tests 8 Software software installation planning and implementation installation 9 Software acceptance review and test, delivery and acceptance of software products, user manual, acceptance education/training 19

22 Area Major Category Middle Category Minor Category Examples of Acquired Knowledge 10 Software forms and significance of software maintenance maintenance 13 Software 1 Development software development methods, process maturity level, software life cycle process (SLPC), development process and software reuse, structured method, formal method, reverse engineering, mashup methods techniques 2 Intellectual copyright, patent, storage property application 3 Development development environment operation status, development environment environment construction, design data, tool, license 4 Configuration establishment of configuration identification system, change control, configuration status and recording, item integrity assurance of items, release and shipment change control 5 Project 14 Project 1 Project integration develop project charter, develop preliminary project scope statement, develop project manage- plan, direct and manage project execution, monitor and control project work, ment integrated change control, close project 2 Project scope scope planning, scope definition, create WBS, scope verification, scope control Management 3 Project time 4 Project cost activity definition, activity sequencing, activity resources estimating, activity duration estimating, schedule development, schedule control cost estimating, cost budgeting, const control 5 Project quality 6 Project human resources 7 Project communications 8 Project risk 9 Project procurement quality planning, quality assurance, quality control human resources planning, acquire project team, develop project team, manage project team communication planning, information distribution, performance reporting, stakeholder risk planning, risk identification, qualitative risk analysis, quantitative risk analysis, risk response planning, risk monitoring and control purchases/acquisitions planning, contracting plan, request seller responses, select sellers, contract administration, contract closure 6 Service 15 Service 1 Service significance and purpose of service, ITIL, role of system operations manager, manage- service level agreement (SLA), evaluation and verification of operations assessment ment indicators, operation handover 2 Operations design schedule design, system installation, system migration, operations support tool, monitoring and tools tool, diagnostic tool 3 Service support service desk (help desk), incident (fault ), problem, configuration, change, release, risk, computer operations and 20

23 Area Major Category Middle Category Minor Category Examples of Acquired Knowledge 4 Service delivery system operations, service level (SLM), capacity, availability, IT service continuity, user, system resources, financial for IT services, information asset 5 Service foundation 6 Facility gap analysis, risk evaluation, requirements definition equipment (power, air conditioners, and others), facility, maintenance of facilities and equipment 16 System audit 1 System audit significance of purpose of system audits, tasks covered by system audits, system auditability, system audit planning, system audit implementation (preliminary audit, main audit, evaluation/conclusion), system audit reporting, system audit evaluation, system audit standards, system audit techniques, audit evidence, audit documentation 2 Internal control internal control, IT governance, evaluation and improvement of compliance 7 System 17 System 1 Information significance and purpose of information systems strategy, total optimization policy, total strategy strategy systems strategy optimization planning, computerization promotion organization, computerization investment planning, business model, business operations model, information system model, enterprise architecture (EA) (business architecture, data architecture, application architecture, technology architecture), program, system owner, data owner, Strategy process framework, control framework, quality control (quality control framework), information systems strategy evaluation, information systems strategy execution ) 2 Business process BPR, business operations analysis, business operations improvement, business operations design, business process (BPM), BPO, SFA 3 Solution business business operations system proposal, business operations package, problem solution support, ASP, SOA, SaaS 4 System utilization information literacy, data utilization, popularization/education, actual system usage promotion and evaluation/verification, system disposal evaluation 18 System 1 Computerization computerization initiative, basic computerization policy, total development schedule, planning planning development project organization, staff training planning, development ROI (return on investment), system life cycle, information system installation risk analysis 2 Requirements requirements analysis, user needs research, current state analysis, definition of definition problems/issues, operational requirements definition, functional requirements definition, non-functional requirements definition, verification of the requirements of stakeholders, verification of the consistency with the system strategy 3 Procurement things to be procured, procurement requirements, procurement conditions, request for planning and proposal (RFP), proposal evaluation criteria, quotation, proposal, procurement selection, implementation procurement risk analysis, internal and external manufacturing standards, software asset, software supply chain 8 Business 19 Business 1 Business strategy competition strategy, differentiation strategy, core competence, M&A, alliance, group strategy strategy techniques, corporate philosophy, SWOT analysis, product portfolio (PPM), value chain analysis, growth matrix, outsourcing 2 Marketing marketing theory, marketing techniques, marketing analysis, lifetime value (LTV) 21

24 Area Major Category Middle Category Minor Category Examples of Acquired Knowledge 20 Technological strategy 3 Business strategy and goal/evaluation 4 Business system 1 Planning of technology development strategy 2 Technology development plan business strategy planning, business environment analysis, needs/wants analysis, competitive analysis, strategy goal, CSF (Critical Success Factors), KPI (Key Performance Indicator), KGI (Key Goal Indicator), balanced scorecard CRM, SCM, ERP, decision making support, knowledge product trend, technology trend, core technology, technology research, technology acquisition, technology licensing, technical tie-up, of technology (MOT), industry-academia-government collaboration, standardization strategy technology development investment planning, technology development site planning, human resources planning, technology road map, product application road map, patent acquisition road map 21 Business industry 1 Business system distribution information system, logistics information system, public information system, medical information system, financial information system, e-government, POS system, XBRL 2 Engineering system significance and purpose of engineering systems, production system, MRP, PDM, CAE 3 e-business EC (BtoB, BtoC, and others), electronic payment system, EDI, IC card/rfid application system 4 Consumer appliances AV appliances, household appliances, personal information equipment, education/entertainment equipment, computer peripherals/oa equipment, terminals for business use, consumer communications terminals 5 Industrial devices communications facility equipment, transport/construction equipment, industrial control/fa equipment/industrial devices, facility equipment, medical devices, analytical/measurement devices 9 Corporate 22 Corporate 1 Management & business, PDCA, organization (divisional system, company and legal activities organization system, CIO, CEO, and others), corporate governance, CSR, IR, human resources (OJT, affairs theory by objectives, case studies, discretionary labor system, and others), behavioral science (leadership, communication, technical writing, presentations, negotiations, motivation, and others), TQM, risk, BCP, computer literacy 2 OR and IE linear programming (LP), inventory problem, PERT/CPM, game theory, analytical methods (work analysis, PTS method, work sampling method, and others), inspection methods (OC curve, sampling, simulation, and others), quality control techniques (seven QC tools, new seven QC tools, and others) 3 Accounting and financial affairs 23 Legal affairs 1 Intellectual property rights financial accounting, accounting, accounting standards, financial statements, consolidation accounting, depreciation, breakeven point, financial indicator, cost, lease and rental, cash planning and, asset Copyright Act, Industrial Property Law, Unfair Competition Prevention Act, license agreement, OSS license (GPL, BSD, and other licenses) 2 Laws on security Act on the Prohibition of Unauthorized Computer Access, Act on the Limitation of Liability for Damages of Specified Telecommunications Service Providers and the Right to Demand Disclosure of Identification Information of the Senders 22

25 Area Major Category Middle Category Minor Category Examples of Acquired Knowledge 3 Laws on labor and transaction 4 Other laws, guidelines, and engineer ethics Labor Standards Act, labor related laws and regulations, outsourcing agreements, software agreements, nondisclosure agreements (NDA), Act against Delay in Payment of Subcontract Proceeds, Etc. to Subcontractors, Act for Securing the Proper Operation of Worker Dispatching Undertakings and Improved Working Conditions for Dispatched Workers, civil law, commercial law compliance, information disclosure, Telecommunications Business Law, network related laws and regulations, Companies Act, Financial Instruments and Exchange Act, tax laws, export-related laws and regulations, Act on the Protection of Personal Information, System Management Standards, Standards for Measures against Unauthorized Computer Access, Standards for Measures against Computer Viruses, Software Management Guidelines, information ethics, engineer ethics, professionalism 5 Standardization roles of JIS, ISO, IEEE, and other associated organizations; standardization organization; framework for international certification (accreditation body/certification body/inspection body); various codes; JIS Q 15001; ISO 9000; ISO