OSI ISO, OSI Reference Model
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2 Introduction OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) based on a proposal developed by International Standards Organisation (ISO) in Known as ISO, OSI Reference Model as it deals with connecting open systems. Uses non-proprietary architectures Seven separate but inter-related s
3 Principles of OSI Layers A is to be created where a different level of abstraction is required Each has to perform a well defined function The function of each has to be chosen to minimise the information flow across the interfaces The number of s should be large enough to avoid putting distinct functions in the same at the same time avoiding making the architecture unwieldy
4 OSI MODEL Data communication tasks - 1 Application Layer - provides network services & applications to users Presentation Layer (data for transfer between different systems) Session Layer (establishes & terminates communication links between computers Transport Layer (controls data transfer for the complete transmission path from sending point to the receiving point
5 OSI MODEL Data communication tasks - 2 Network Layer (controls routing of data & messages through the channels of a network) Data Link Layer (controls grouping data into blocks (message packets) & transferring them from one point to another) Physical Layer (handles voltage, electrical pulses, connectors & switches so that data can be transmitted over network media
6 OSI MODEL involves Layer 7 Application Layer 6 Presentation Layer 5 Session Layer 4 Transport Layer 3 Network Layer 2 Data Link Layer 1 Physical Layer Layer 7-6 interface (11) Layer 6-5 interface (12) Layer 5-4 interface (13) Layer 4-3 interface (14) Layer 3-2 interface (15) Layer 2-1 interface (16)
7 Peer to peer control of 4 Layer 5 Layer 4 Layer 3 Provides services for 5 Communications With 4of device 2 uses the services provided by 3 Layer 5 Layer 4 Layer 3 Device A Through s 7 to 1 of device A Through s 1 to 7 of device B Device B
8 User support s Organisation of s Message down Layers 7 6 Upper Message up to the recipient Layers 7 6 Links Transport Links Network support s Lower Lower From device A Physical link To device B
9 Physical Layer Layers Layers 2 Data link L2 data L2 data Data link Transmission medium
10 Sub Layers of Data Link Layers Data Link Layer Media Access Control (MAC) Logical Link Control (LIC)
11 Layers Data Link Layer 3 Network L3data L3 data 3 Layers Layers Layers 2 T2 H2 Data link T2 H Physical H2 Headers T2 - Trailers Transmission medium Packets or frames
12 Example of data link Node With physical address say 20 H2 T2 Data Frame Node With physical address say 80
13 Layers Network Layer 3 Transport L3data L3 data 3 Layers Layers Layers 2 T2 H2 Network T2 H Data link H3 Header
14 An example of a Network Layer A Node Bus network 1 Node T2 Data A J Ring network F 41 R T2 Data A J T2 Data A J R Bus network 2 91 J
15 Transport Layer Generates the addresses of the end user. Breaks a large data transmission into smaller packets (if required) Ensures the receipt of all packets Eliminates duplicate packets
16 Session Layer Initiates Maintains and Terminates each logical session between end users
17 Transport Layer 5 L5 data Session L5 data 4 H4 H4 H4 H4 H4 H4 Transport L4 data L4 data L4 data L4 data L4 data L4 data 3 Network
18 Session Initiation Services Logging onto circuit equipment : Transferring files Using various terminal types Performing security checks
19 Session Termination An orderly way to end the session As a means to abort a session prematurely Redundancy built to recover from a broken transport ( 4) connection in case of failure
20 Session Layer 6 L6 data Presentation L6 data 5 Session H5 syn syn syn syn syn syn H5 L5 data L6 data
21 Presentation Layer ( 6) - 1 Formats the data for presentation to the user Ensures interoperability among communicating devices Encryption & decryption for security purposes & for the expansion & compression of data Translation between different data formats, screen formatting Accommodates different interfaces on different terminals or computers Displays & edits user inputs & outputs
22 Presentation Layer - 2 Any function (not in s 1 to 5) warranted to find a general solution is placed in this, although some of its functions can be performed by separate hardware & software (e.g.encryption) Headers added at 6 covers the information on : The type Parameters and Length of the transmission
23 Presentation Layer Application 7 L7 data L7 data 6 Encoded, encrypted & compressed data H6 Presentation Encoded, encrypted & compressed data H6 5 L6 data Session L6 data
24 Application Layer Log on to a remote host (virtual terminal) File transfer & access management (FTAM) Mail services / Directory services Provides a set of utilities for application programs Provides network management statistics Provides simple processor sharing between host computers, use of distributed databases, industry specific protocols etc.
25 Application Layer Network user Services Application L7 data L7 data
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