Smart Cities Technologies, Big Data & Privacy

Transcription

1 Smart Cities Technologies, Big Data & Privacy Mischa Dohler Professor, King s College London, UK Fellow & Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE Board of Directors, Worldsensing Editor-in-Chief, ETT URSI Paris, France 26/03/2014 1

2 1 Smart City Applications 2

3 Smart Cities IoT/M2M Applications 3

4 Industrial IoT/M2M Applications Worldsensing 4

5 Today s Smart City Rollouts Smart Parking Smart Bins Worldsensing Smart City Control Platform Traffic Flow Critical Infrastr. Travel Time Historic Sites Proven Technologies With Solid Deployment Track-Record Today! 5

6 2 Data Access Technologies 6

7 M2M Prime Business Criteria Availability Cellular 3GPP MTC Low Power Wide Area Low Power Wifi Bluetooth LE Reliability Zigbee-like Wired M2M Availability = coverage, roaming, mobility, critical mass in rollout, etc. Reliability = resilience to interference, throughput guarantees, low outages, etc. (Total Cost of Ownership = CAPEX, OPEX.) 7

8 Standardized M2M Protocol Stacks Capillary M2M M2M Area Neworks Cellular M2M Zigbee-Like Low Power Wifi LTE/LTE-A MTC Application IETF CORE HTTP, etc. IEEE IETF Transport Networking MAC PHY Lightweight TCP, UDP /e Industrial Apps /g Smart Grids /k Low-Energy Infrastructure Monitoring IETF ROLL 6LowPAN IETF 6TSCH /f RFID TCP, UDP IPv4, IPv g/ac/ad/ah LTE/LTE-A Networking Layer LTE/LTE-A Link Layer 3GPP 8

9 Problems of ZigBee-like Solutions Interference in ISM No Global Infrastructure 2bn Wifi Devices Lack of Interoperability Higher Total Cost WPA2/PSK/TLS/SSL 9

10 Advantages of Low-Power WiFi Ubiquitous Infrastructure Number of Wi-Fi Public Hotspots in the World (in million), % bn 0.5 Wifi Devices Source: Wireless Broadband Access (WBA), Informa, Nov Interference Management 57% Vibrant Standard Total Annual Wireless Cloud Energy Consumption (GWh), % 16% 26% % 34% 55% 1% % 31% 1% 300 members 59% Lo 2015 Hi Metro & Core Networks Data centers Local (Wi-Fi Home/Wi-Fi Hotspots) Mobile access networks (4G LTE) Sound Security NAV Medium Reservation WPA2/PSK/TLS/SSL 10

11 Advantages of LPWA M2M Networks Large Coverage Low Cost Available Today Operator Model 11

12 Current Eco-System Sigfox (market leader in Q1 2014): technical: sub-ghz, UNB, very long range, one-way business approach: operator, yearly license fee; Intel Ventures 10 million VC On-Ramp: technical: 2.4GHz ISM band; Random Phase Multiple Access ; 170dB link budget business approach: equipment provider mainly; Managed Service SLA possible Cycleo (now Semtech): technical: sub-ghz, CDMA-based, long range business approach: equipment provider Neul: technical: initially TVWS only; now shift into other bands too (notably licensed!) business approach: originally only equipment; now SLA possible 12

13 Performance Comparison Orange, excerpt from PhD Thesis of Dr Quentin Lampin: 15 years lifetime LPWA Network Mesh Network 13

14 Advantages of Cellular M2M Ubiquitous Coverage Mobility & Roaming Interference Control Service Platforms 14

15 Improving RACH Procedure new Massimo Condoluci, Mischa Dohler, Antonella Molinaro, Giuseppe Araniti 15

16 3 Virtualization, Data and Privacy 16

17 Virtualization & Cloudification partly also developed in ICT-VITRO 17

18 Closing the Data Cycle 18

19 Privacy Illusion or Fundamental Right? Data Privacy privacy 1 st Industrial Revolution 2 nd 3 rd millennia image 2014 by Mischa Lesley Dohler Sandles / Alamy 19

20 4 Concluding Remarks 20

21 Do citizens care about Smart Cities? 21

22 Surprising Correlations Really Surprising Outcome! vehemence of no, or speed of walking Beginning of Question End of Question time image 2014 by Mischa zenhabits.net Dohler 22

23 The biggest challenge of this early part of the 21 st century is to bootstrap the undoubtedly highpotential smart city market in cities which are essentially broke. A developed country is not a place where the poor have cars. It s where the rich use public transportation. Gustavo Petro, Mayor of Bogota 23

24 Smart Cities Technologies, Big Data & Privacy Mischa Dohler Professor, King s College London, UK Fellow & Distinguished Lecturer, IEEE Board of Directors, Worldsensing Editor-in-Chief, ETT URSI Paris, France 26/03/