UBIQUITOUS CONTROLLING AND MONITORING OF ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES

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1 UBIQUITOUS CONTROLLING AND MONITORING OF ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES Kaifee Adnaan 1, Ravi Kumar 2, Tushar Anand 3, Vishal Saini 4 and Shabana Sultana 5 1,2,3,4 Department of Computer Science and Engineering The National Institute of Engineering, Mysore, Karnataka, India 5 Associate Professor, Department of CSE, NIE Mysore, Karnataka, India Abstract - Home automation is the residential extension of building automation and involves the control and automation of lighting, HVAC (heating, ventilation and conditioning), appliances and security. Modern system generally consists of switches and sensors connected to a central hub with a user interface through a smartphone or the web. To achieve this we are making use of Arduino Uno, an open source hardware, which acts like a central hub to control the switches and sensors and operated ubiquitously via web-services. Keywords Home automation, Arduino Uno, Smart Home, Automation, arest I. INTRODUCTION 1 Home automation is the ability of home appliance, lighting, HVAC and security to be controlled remotely as well as being automated. For example, users can turn on or off the lighting of their home using smartphone or desktop while he is sitting far away from his home. Many home automation tools such as Microsoft HomeOS, Home Seer, Linux MIE, and SmartThings are in existence today. Home automation involves a lot of coordination between a lot of switches and sensors via the central hub. Early home automation began with labor-saving machines. In 1975, X10, the first general purpose home automation network technology was developed. It is a communication protocol for electronic devices. By 1978, X10 products included a 16 channel command console, a lamp module and an application module. Soon after came the wall switch module and the first X10 timer. II. REVIEW 2.1 Existing Method There has been a tremendous growth in auto automation system in recent years. Many multinational companies have put up their home automation product in market. Some of them includes AMX LLC - Configuration tools only work on Windows, Control4 - Uses a Linux kernel, configuration tools only work on Windows, INSTEON- Lighting, appliances, sensors. Mobile apps for Android and ios, configuration tools only work with Windows. Lutron - Focused on lighting and shades, configuration tools only work on Windows. SmartThings - Lighting, appliances, sensors. Mobile apps for Android and ios. The disadvantages are: Costly Platform All rights Reserved 275

2 Difficult to install No efficient environment monitoring No support for all type of devices 2.2 Proposed Method The proposed system uses Arduino, an open source hardware, as a microcontroller makes it which makes the product cheaper. Proposed system provides two modes of control i.e. automatic mode and manual mode which can be selected as per user comfort. Our proposed system uses HTTP request methods to communicate with the embedded web server which makes it easily accessible to all the devices which has browser support. This project can also be used to save energy and improve the security of the home. In this project various sensors like light sensor motion sensor etc. are used which can be used to monitor the environment around the smart home. Advantages: Cheaper Hardware Cheaper Hardware Easy to install Centralize controlling of all appliances Automatic Ubiquitous Extended to security Monitoring of environment 2.3 Feasibility The significant requirements of home automation is a central hub, which is realized by Arduino, the open source hardware sold at a very reasonable price. The other requirement include sensors and wires which is easily available at a cheap rate. A server need to be to up and running all the time to allow users access the central hub remotely. III. DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION The components involved in implementation of the home automation system is listed as follows Arduino UNO Arduino Uno has been used as a microcontroller in the system. For programming the microcontrollers, C and C++ are used. The general structure of the Arduino sketch conations two major part Setup function: In this section of code all the variable serial communications and the sensors are initialized. It is executed only once at the beginning of execution. Loop function: Loop function is the heart of Arduino sketch it the part of code where all processing occurs. The code inside loop is executed again and again. Some of the major functions used in Arduino are pinmode, Serial.begin, Serial.println, DigitalWrite, DigitalRead, AnalogRead, AnalogWrite etc DHT library The DHT11, DHT21 and DHT22 are relative cheap sensors for measuring temperature and humidity. This library has following methods to read temperature and humidity. DHT::DHT (uint8_t pin, uint8_t type, uint8_t count) DHT Constructor void DHT::begin(void) Function to start serial All rights Reserved 276

3 float DHT::readTemperature(bool S, bool force) Function to read temperature from sensor float DHT::readHumidity(bool force) Function to read humidity from sensor arest API This library implements a REST API for Arduino & the ESP8266 Wi-Fi chip. It supports REST calls via HTTP via the Serial port. This REST API fulfils all the constraints (client server, stateless, cacheable, and layered code on demand and uniform interface) of the RESTful application. It takes http request and gives json message as response Koding VM Koding is an online development environment integrated with cloud PAAS (Platform as a service). In order to run a flask application the bare Virtual machine has been configured using Koding package manager (kpm) using command kpm install Python-Flask. Also MySQL server has been installed on VM using kpm install MySQL-server. Koding also provides a mechanism for remote login using secure shell (ssh). In order to implement effective and scalable home automation system the home automation system can be visualized as a list of following modules Login This module is used to read the login credentials of user. It uses HTML form and CSS for the user interface. The form entered by user details is passed to the authentication server (Koding VM).this request is further routed to the login.py python module which validates the user and assigns the session credentials like IP address and the user name. These session information are encrypted using the security key specified during the flask application configuration. After successful login user is automatically redirected to home dashboard Signup This module is used to register new user. The HTML form takes input from user and stores it into the MySQL database. The user data consists of user name, user id, password and MAC address associated with the user s Arduino UNO board. It also includes an verification method to check for the valid id Home dashboard This module is visible only to the authenticated user once the user is authenticated the Ajax calls are made to the Arduino UNO server. Arduino UNO server further returns the status of each pin and the status of each sensors. This module uses arest API call to get all the values from the Arduino. Once all value is received the JavaScript functions at client side calculates the number of appliances running and the power consumption for each house part. All these information are further displayed on a bootstrap web Two algorithms are used for implementation. One of the algorithms used in the system is the Arduino UNO algorithm which runs on the Arduino server. This algorithm uses two functions setup and loop. Setup is used for defining the Arduino environment and loop function is used to perform actions on the board. This algorithm is developed using C programming language. The second algorithm used in SHS is the web server algorithm this algorithm makes use of micro framework called Flask. Python is used as a backend and HTML5 and CSS are used for frontend development. JavaScript and jquery are used for the communications between front end and the backend. This algorithm takes care of user interface and a common entry point for accessing the Arduino devices as represented in the following All rights Reserved 277

4 3.3.1 Arduino Uno Algorithm Initialize arest Initialize Sensors Set up Functions { Defining modes for all pins Initialize arest variable id and function Activate Sensors Run the Arduino Server Register Arduino to main server Begin Watchdog Timer } Loop function { While (1) { Arduino Server wait for a client; Get values from Sensors; Register client with arest handler; Rest watchdog timer } } Figure 1. System All rights Reserved 278

5 3.3.2 Web server Algorithm Step 1: -Create flask app instance -Configure app -Define request Routing Step 2: - On Document Load - Obtain corresponding to user - Get the Temperature and humidity from Arduino using arest call - Get device status using arest call - Calculate power consumption Step 3:- if (Request == / or /index ) if user logged in open home page else open login/signup if (Request == login) collect form data and validate user if (Request == signup) store the user info if (Request == logout) Remove session information IV. CONCLUSION Based on all the systems surveyed and their advantages and drawbacks, the proposed system presents the features to be possessed by an ideal system for home automation with remote access. An ideal system should be available from all over the world to a user and in real time. Only the Internet can ensure that access can be made available at all times. This will give rise to a standard access method for the home appliances using the Internet protocol. The user interface should be a web application that has an associated mobile application. So that people of all kinds can access the system. Such a system should also have the feature of being easy to install. Only then can automated homes become commercially viable. There should be a lot of thought put into the design of the user interface for these apps. Plug and play capabilities will be an added bonus for the system. Ease of adding a new device to an automated house will play an important role in taking forward the systems commercially V. FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS Future enhancement includes the additional security such as: Home Security Fire Detection Unauthorized Access Gas leakage REFERENCES [1] Kaur, I., Microcontroller Based Home Automation System With Security, International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA), Vol. 1, no. 6, pp , December [2] Javale, D., Mohsin, M., Nandanwar, S, Shingate, M., Home Automation and Security System Using Android ADK, International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Technology (IJECCT), Vol. 3, Issue 2, pp , March All rights Reserved 279

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