Control Center Infrastructure Design Options

Transcription

1 Control Center Infrastructure Design Options (Based on a Study Performed for EPRI, March 2003) T. E. Dy-Liacco Cleveland, Ohio U.S.A. 7 th EPCC Workshop Ortisei, Italy - May, 2003

2 The Control Center Infrastructure (CCI) Part I Ensuring the Security of the CCI Part II The Generation Management System (GMS) Part III A Selection of Modern Control Centers May 2003 DY-LIACCO 2

3 The Need for CCI Security Consequences of Control Center Infrastructure Failure or Misoperation Loss of productivity in market operations Loss of operating efficiency Degradation of power quality Reduced power system security Blackouts? Rather Unlikely. May 2003 DY-LIACCO 3

4 CCI Security Concerns Configuration Security Information and Application Security Building and Facilities Security May 2003 DY-LIACCO 4

5 The System Operator (SO) Power System Operator (PSO) Independent System Operator (ISO) Transmission System Operator (TSO) Generation System Operator (GSO) May 2003 DY-LIACCO 5

6 CCI Overview THE CONTROL CENTER INFRASTRUCTURE EMS SCs + CRs MOS SCs + CRs METERING SYSTEM INTERNET INTERNET WAN INTRANET ENTERPRISE NETWORK GENERATORS, MARKET PLAYERS POWER EXCHANGE VPN VPN EXTRANET EXTRANET GMS SCs + CRs BACKUP & OTHER CONTROL CENTERS SETTLEMENTS SYSTEM EMS/MOS SUPPLIER May 2003 DY-LIACCO 6

7 Configuration Features Redundant Design EMS, MOS, GMS Servers & Control Rooms Client/Server Architecture Backup Control Center Multi-ported Virtual Private Network Public Internet TCP/IP throughout the Infrastructure May 2003 DY-LIACCO 7

8 Multi-Site CC Configuration Plan A Traditional Hierarchical CCI Main CC Backup CC Regional CC A INTRANET WAN Regional CC C Regional CC B May 2003 DY-LIACCO 8

9 Multi-Site CC Configuration Plan B Multi-Control Area, Distributed Operation, Multi-CCs CC Area 1 Centralized Dispatch by any CC. Any CC can backup the other CCs. CC Area 2 INTRANET WAN CC Area 3 Data-Acquisition Controller May 2003 DY-LIACCO 9

10 Server Centers (SCs) & Control Rooms (CRs) Historically, Computer Rooms were in the Same Premises as the Control Rooms due to Distance Limitations of the I/O bus and of the Ethernet LAN cable. Nowadays, Server Centers can be located far away from Control Rooms. May 2003 DY-LIACCO 10

11 Multi-Site CC Configuration Plan C Multiple Server Centers, Distributed Control Rooms SERVER CENTER A SERVER CENTER B INTRANET WAN CONTROL ROOM 1 SERVER CENTER C CONTROL ROOM 2 May 2003 DY-LIACCO 11

12 Distributed Database/Distributed CR-A Processing Configuration (DDB/DP) Server Center 1 Server Center 2 Server Center 3 INTRANET WAN CR-B SW Development & Operator Training Center CR-C EXTRANET VPN May 2003 DY-LIACCO 12

13 Features of the DDB/DP Separate servers for: Configuration AGC/ED SE/NA Historical data management No DAC servers. Real-time database resident in intelligent. have Web server and application SW in flash memory. May 2003 DY-LIACCO 13

14 Features of the DDB/DP Configuration (cont d.) Data replication from : Every 2 sec when requested by a CR workstation. Every 1-2 min. to the SE/NA server. Every 10 sec. to the AGC/ED server. Station alarms sent spontaneously to CR workstation(s) assigned for real-time operation. May 2003 DY-LIACCO 14

15 Security Benefits of the DDB/DP Configuration No centralized real-time database to support the operator displays for system monitoring and control. RTU raw and processed data can be accessed by any authorized and authenticated Web browser, thus providing another means of backup. May 2003 DY-LIACCO 15

16 Information Security User Authentication and Authorization Maintain list of authorized users Protect highly sensitive data. Encrypt executable files, selected data, disk partitions, or entire disk drives. Host Intrusion prevention Network Security Security technology products VPNs Protection of Emergency Control Functions RTU Communications Encryption May 2003 DY-LIACCO 16

17 Generation Management System (GMS) The Divestiture of Power Plants, the Proliferation of IPPs, the Acquisition by Generating Companies of Power Plants Located in Different Control Areas Have Created a Need for a Generation Management System. May 2003 DY-LIACCO 17

18 Features of the GMS Control Center or GSO GMS Hardware and Network Architecture Similar to that of an EMS GMS Control Center Communicates with Power Plant Computers and some Power Plant The GSO Communicates with ISOs or TSOs of various Control Areas May 2003 DY-LIACCO 18

19 The GMS Infrastructure ISO X GSO ISO Y Main CC Backup CC Area 1 Area 2 Area 3 Area 4 Power Plant Computers and/or May 2003 DY-LIACCO 19

20 GMS Functions (Single & Multi-Area) Generator Scheduling Fuel Scheduling Market-based Hydro-Thermal Coordination Generation Real-Time Control Decentralized Load-Following Control in a Bilateral Contracts Market; No Secondary Frequency Control, i.e., no Load-Frequency Control Optional Centralized Secondary Frequency Control by ISO/TSO using Ancillary Services Economic Dispatch Independent of ISO/TSO With Lambda Setpoint established by ISO/TSO May 2003 DY-LIACCO 20

21 Features of Modern Control Centers Multi-site Installations Separation of Control Rooms from Server Centers Provision of SW Development & Testing System; Sandboxing Operator Training Simulator Database Storage System May 2003 DY-LIACCO 21

22 Modern Control Centers ELIA The Belgian TSO 10/02 ERCOT The Texas ISO 07/01 FINGRID OYJ The Finnish TSO 09/02 GRTN The Italian ISO 06/03 The IMO The Ontario ISO 05/02 KPX The Korea Power Exchange 08/02 MAVIR The Hungarian PSO 10/01 May 2003 DY-LIACCO 22

23 Modern Control Centers (cont d) NGC The UK TSO 06/03 RELIANT The Reliant Resources GSO 02/01 RTE The French TSO 03/03 STATNETT The Norwegian TSO 02/04 SVENSKA KRAFTNÄT The Swedish TSO 07/01 HOKKAIDO ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY 03/02 TOHOKU ELECTRIC POWER COMPANY 11/02 May 2003 DY-LIACCO 23