Exchange of Data and Models between Control Centers

Transcription

1 Exchange of Data and Models between Control Centers Anjan Bose Washington State University Pullman, WA, USA EPCC Workshop Bled, Slovenia May 18-20, 2015

2

3 West European Power Grid

4 Balancing Authorities

5 Communication for Power System Analog measurements Digital states Third Party Control Center RTU RTU RTU

6 Evolution of Computer Architecture Special real time computers for SCADA-AGC Mainframe computer back ends for EMS Redundant hardware configuration with checkpoint and failover Multiple workstation configuration Back-up is more flexible Open architecture initiated CIM (Common Information Model) standard

7

8 Distribution Management Systems Measurements along the feeder Switches, transformer taps, shunt capacitor and inductor controls Communications: Radio, Power Line Carrier, Fiber backhaul Closer voltage control increases efficiency Greater switching ability increases reliability Better coordination with outage management Sets up for distributed generation, demand response, electric vehicles or local storage

9

10 PicRegulator of one feeder with the new equipment Recloser Switched Capacitors Francis & Cedar F3, Spokane, WA 10

11 Building Automation Smart Meters Gateway between utility and customer Communication to utility and home appliances Time-of-day and real-time rates Applications Optimize energy efficiency and energy cost Demand response Can integrate generation (roof PV), storage (EV) Microgrids

12 EMS Database Real-Time Database SCADA measurements Exchanged data Calculated data Static Database Connectivity of the grid Limits Model parameters External model parameters Historical Database

13 Data Reliability Data Communications Dual (redundant) channels Database Backup Checkpoint Bumpless Failover Backup Control Center Hot Standby or Shared Responsibility Changing Responsibility Is this design vulnerable to cyber attacks?

14 Model Maintenance Static Database Updating Internal Model Rigorous procedure External Model Exchange models in timely manner Requires data standard (CIM?) Requires standard synchronized procedure across interconnection

15 Real Time Data Exchange SCADA data from neighbors All or selected? How often? For what applications? Operator visibility Match with external model displays External outage data should be quick State Estimation Match with external model Update data before each SE run

16 Data Exchange Vertically Between EMS and DMS From DMS Generation on distribution feeders Dynamic load availability Aggregated or individual measurements? From EMS Control signals for load response Control signals for distributed generation How about the customer side (microgrids)?

17 When PMUs Proliferate Data rate is two magnitudes higher High bandwidth network communication needed Faster applications will be available E.g. SE can be run at Hz PMU-based controls can be as fast as protection Wide-area protection and control Exchange of PMU data already important Do we need to centralize all PMU data at the control center?

18 PMU Data Movement PMU data communication Data should reach application as and when needed Not all data need to go to all applications Applications don t have to be at the control center and can reside at substations Fast applications like protection and control should have the necessary static data at the application computer

19 Proposed Communications

20 Each Application Different Data Monitoring at the control center Needs all data points But at slow rates (every few seconds) Special Protection Schemes Needs few data points But at fast rates (many times a second) Each application must access this data in a different way Moving real time data from source to application is a complex optimization task

21 Basic GridStat Functionality Management Plane QoS Meta-Data Generator PMU Area Controller Publishers QoS Control Wide Area Computer Network (Data Plane) QoS Requirements Area Controller Load Following ISO US/EU-Wide Monitoring? (future??) Subscribers

22 Data Exchange Issues Real time data base must be distributed Large amounts of calculated data must be part of this data base Static data base must be distributed Historical data base will require still another design Substation data bases and system level data bases have to be coordinated All data bases in the same interconnection will have to be coordinated Standards will be key