Key Planning and Design Considerations for Wireless in Industrial Applications

Transcription

1 Key Planning and Design Considerations for Wireless in Industrial Applications Abdullah Al-Nufaii Ahmed Al-Ghamdi Hussain Al-Salem Abdelghani Daraiseh Copyright 2010, Saudi Aramco. All Rights Reserved.

2 Outline Need for wireless Challenges & Risk Design & Planning Considerations Summary

3 Need for wireless

4 Need for Wireless Extend Global Oil Reserves By: 125 Billion Barrels Production Output Up Increase: 2-6% Reservoir Management Operating Costs Down Saving: 4-8% Models and Simulation Quality process measurements Wireless Measurement Source: Cambridge Energy Research Associates (Jan 2004)

5 Need for Wireless Ease of access to plants devices: Provide access to Assets that were previously deemed unreachable due to physical, technological or economic barriers. Business Continuity Time of deployment Flexibility in installation

6 Applications Remote Gas Detection System Monitoring for Oil and gas wells Online Corrosion Monitoring System Remote monitoring of Motors & Substations Preventive and condition-based maintenance Vibration Monitoring System Access remotely plant drawings by bar tag scanning Check and order materials

7 Challenges & Risks

8 Challenges & Risks Node Loss/Failure : Due to hardware malfunction, power surges, blackouts, harsh environmental condition, etc; End-to-end reliability requires networking intelligence that routes around the loss of any single node.

9 Challenges & Risks Blocked Paths: When a network is first deployed, wireless paths are established between devices based on the immediate RF environment and available neighbors. Paths may later be blocked by new equipment or via a change in device position. Assuring reliability for the life of the network, not just the first few weeks after installation, requires continually working around these blockages in a transparent and automatic manner.

10 Challenges & Risks Hazardous areas: Equipment needs to be installed in Harsh and Hazardous areas, either Class 1 Zone 1 or Class 1 Zone 2, where safe installation and maintenance practices should be followed. Application Criticality: Hydrocarbon Plants have critical and non-critical application connectivity, the designed wireless link performance should be suitable for the particular plant application connectivity requirements.

11 Design and Planning Considerations

12 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS Single wireless network with multiple applications support Fits plants environments Mesh network and Diversity techniques Secure Scalable, simple, and flexible Easy to maintain

13 Plant Topology CCR Gateway Integrated Device/Router End Device

14 External Interferer Band is divided into several slots Transmitted information is hopped across different frequency slots (FS) Interference may appear at one frequency Freq. Band FS#1 FS#2 Partial band interference FS#32 Byte#1 Byte#2 Byte#10 Time FS: Frequency Slot

15 Interference by Other Devices operation Freq. Band Channel Conditions: Fading Interference Multiple access interference FS#2 FS#1 FS#32 : Device #1 : Device #2 : Device #3 : etc Time

16 Plant RF Characteristics Loss per path per channel (10/15) Loss per path per channel (10/29) Loss % Loss % Channel Channel Path Path

17 Plant RF Path Stability

18 Multiple antennae Spatial Diversity In a true multipath environment, the source, receiver, or the reflectors may be constantly in motion, so the nulls and the peaks would occur at different times and distance on each channel If signals are received over multiple, independent channels, the largest signal can be selected for subsequent processing and use. 11 m (Peak) 17 m (Null) Received Signal Strength vs Distance (meter)

19 Spatial Diversity Spatial Diversity (multiple Receivers) Fade Margin vs number of channels

20 Summary With Wireless, significant reduction in installation, capital and maintenance costs Improved efficiency of plant personnel To have reliable and high available system: RF planning and RF Engineering techniques must be deployed Diversity and mesh topology to compensate for any steel structure or interference Security and network management must be deployed