Sensor Network Architectures. Objectives
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1 Sensor Network Architectures muse Objectives Be familiar with how application needs impact deployment strategies t Understand key benefits/costs associated with different topologies. Understand key benefits/costs associated with homogeneous and heterogeneous node deployments muse 1
2 Objectives (cont.) Apply simple metrics to assess network connectivity it Understand common routing protocols Synthesize these concepts to ascertain the energy requirements for various network topologies muse Outline Deployment strategies Network topologies Connectivity and Coverage Routing protocols Example Application: Energy use for various topologies 2
3 Motivation Deployment Strategies Application needs? Deployment Random vs. Structured Random Structured Deployment 3
4 Incremental vs. Over deployment Incremental Over deployment Deployment Outline Deployment strategies Network topologies Connectivity and Coverage Routing protocols Example Application: Energy use for various topologies 4
5 Motivation Network Topologies Star single hop Flat mesh multi hop Tiered multi hop Topologies Star Topologies 5
6 Mesh Topologies Tiered Topologies 6
7 Node Capabilities Homogeneous Heterogeneous Topologies Single vs. Multi hop Single hop Multi hop Topologies 7
8 Outline Deployment strategies Network topologies Connectivity and Coverage Routing protocols Example Application: Energy use for various topologies Motivation Connectivity Graph Theory Tools Connectivity 8
9 Random Graph Model G(n,R) Connectivity Graph Connectivity Connectivity 9
10 Problem with Random Graph Model Propagation environments are not isotropic Connectivity K connectivity Connectivity 10
11 Improving connectivity Approaches Costs Connectivity Outline Deployment strategies Network topologies Connectivity and Coverage Routing protocols Example Application: Energy use for various topologies 11
12 Coverage Motivation Tools Coverage Voronoi Diagram Coverage 12
13 K coverage Coverage Example Coverage 13
14 Problems with Coverage Metrics Coverage Idea Topology Control Motivation Topology Control 14
15 Method 1: PEAS Topology Control Method 2: ACK Topology Control 15
16 Outline Deployment strategies Network topologies Connectivity and Coverage Routing protocols Example Application: Energy use for various topologies Motivation Routing protocols Metric based Diversity based Routing protocols 16
17 Greedy Forwarding Routing protocols ETX Metric Routing protocols 17
18 Opportunistic (ExOR) Routing protocols Gradient based Routing protocols 18
19 Lifetime and Load balancing Lifetime Load Routing protocols Data Mules Routing protocols 19
20 Outline Deployment strategies Network topologies Connectivity and Coverage Routing protocols Example Application: Energy use for various topologies Comparison: Single hop vs. Double hop Networking & Energy 20
21 Scenario 2: Single hop vs. Double hop Networking & Energy Conclusions Multi hop networks promise broader coverage and robustness at the cost of increased complexity Homogeneous node architectures simplify deployment strategies but may require more capable hardware Node connectivity it is dependent d on the node placement and the communication channel muse 21
22 Conclusions 2 Network coverage requirements may not coincide id with network connectivity it requirements Routing schemes depend on defining an appropriate cost metric Network architectures drive node and system design and therefore energy and bandwidth requirements muse Want to learn more? B. Krishnamachari, Networking Wireless Sensors, Cambridge Press (2005). H. Karl and A. Willig, Protocols and Architectures for Wireless Sensor Networks, Wiley (2007). 22
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