Broadband LTE Solutions for Transportation PRODUCT STRATEGY

Transcription

1 2016 Broadband LTE Solutions for Transportation PRODUCT STRATEGY

2 TELTRONIC, manufacturer of professional radiocommunication equipment, is complementing its current solutions based on TETRA technology, thanks to a new product line focused on LTE technology (Long Term Evolution). In this manner, the company anticipates the new trend in critical deployments for Public Safety and Transportation markets, where there is an increasing demand of applications requiring high data rates. Buses, tramways, metros, conventional railways, high speed trains and the new driverless automatic trains, demand communication systems offering high data capacity which will enhance significantly both management and safety in the rail operation as well as the quality of service for the passengers. TELTRONIC s LTE solution has been designed guided by the high demanding levels of availability and security required in mission critical environments. Besides of this, it is adapted to the specific requirements of every market segment in the transportation sector. More specifically, LTE solution for Transport is able to provide service for different applications used in the daily operation, like data transmission for rail signalling systems, real-time surveillance, remote monitoring and maintenance, passenger information systems, internet for passengers, etc. LTE in Transport Page 1 of 24

3 Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION TO LTE TECHNOLOGY WHY BROADBAND IN TRANSPORTATION? WHY LTE TECHNOLOGY? LTE SYSTEMS DESIGNED FOR PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATIONS ENEBULA, TELTRONIC S LTE PROFESSIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE ENTITIES IN TELTRONIC S ENEBULA LTE SYSTEM LTE APPLICATIONS FOR TRANSPORTATION SECTOR LTE for surveillance systems (CCTV) LTE for ETCS rail signalling applications LTE for CBTC rail signalling applications LTE for other applications KEY DIFFERENTIATORS OF TELTORNIC S LTE SOLUTION LTE in Transport Page 2 of 24

4 Acronyms 3GPP AuC CBTC CCTV DTO ENC enodeb EPC ERA ERTMS ETCS E-UTRAN FDD GoA GSM-R HSDPA HSS IEEE LTE MIMO MME NMS OFDM PCRF PGW PIS PMR PTT QAM QoS QPSK SC-FDMA SGW SISO STO TDD TETRA UE UMTS UTO VoIP Third Partnership Programme Authentication Centre Communication Based Train Control Closed Circuit Television Driverless Train Operation Evolved Node Controller Evolved Node B Enhanced Packet Core European Railway Agency European Rail Traffic Management System European Train Control System Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network Frequency Division Duplex Grade of Automation Global System for Mobile Communication - Railway High Speed Downlink Packet Access Home Subscriber Server Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Long Term Evolution Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Mobility Management Entity Network Management System Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access Policy Charging Rules Function Packet Data Network Gateway Passenger Information System Professional Mobile Radio Push To Talk Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Quality of Service Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access Serving Gateway Single Input Single Output Semi-automatic Train Operation Time Division Duplex TErrestrial Trunked RAdio User Equipment Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Unattended Train Operation Voice over IP LTE in Transport Page 3 of 24

5 1. INTRODUCTION TO LTE TECHNOLOGY LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a broadband telecommunications standard developed by 3GPP (3 rd Generation Partnership Project) as the evolution of UMTS systems (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System). The new architecture reduces the number of network entities, making easy the design, enhancing the spectral efficiency and providing higher data rates. One of the key differences between LTE technology and its predecessors resides in the management of the radio interface, now based in OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency- Division Multiple Access) for the downlink connection and SC-FDMA (Single Frequency- Division Multiple Access) in the uplink connections. These modulation schemas can be used in FDD mode (Frequency Division Duplex) with separated uplink and downlink channels or in TDD mode (Time Division Duplex), where uplink and downlink transmissions share the same frequency channel alternatively in time periods. These features jointly with others like the use of MIMO techniques (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output), result in LTE as the new generation of broadband technology, for both the commercial and the professional markets, providing the following advantages and benefits: Low latencies in the establishment of new connections as well as in end-to-end data transmissions. High data rates. Improvements in the spectral efficiency. Better flexibility in the use and management of spectrum. Simpler network architecture. Improvements in mobility. LTE in Transport Page 4 of 24

6 2. WHY BROADBAND IN TRANSPORTATION? WHY LTE TECHNOLOGY? Current needs of critical voice and data communications are covered nowadays by narrowband digital technologies like TETRA, which provides a high degree of security and safety, but a limited data capacity. The demand of services and applications consuming high data dates such as on-board video surveillance, real-time monitoring of video from Control Rooms, etc., is on the rise. Hence, it makes necessary to invest in the upgrade of systems currently deployed in order to provide a new broadband radio access fulfilling the requirements of previous applications. In the current landscape of technology, LTE intends to be the new generation of solutions covering the broadband requirements of any kind of service. In mission-critical environments like Transport, LTE seems to be the most adequate alternative. It has the advantage to supply a pure IP packet network, what implies a fast network management, low latencies and high data rates. Next table shows the key technical features of LTE technology PARAMETER Maximum downlink data rate VALUES 4/4 and MIMO 2x2 Maximum uplink data rate QAM 4/4 Data type Channel bandwidths (MHz) Duplex schemas Latency IP data transmission for voice and data 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz FDD and TDD From idle to active status < 100 msec. Using small packets ~10msec. Spectral efficiency Downlink: 3-4 times as HSDPA latency (Rel 6) Uplink: 2-3 times as HSDPA latency (Rel 6) Radio Access OFDMA in downlink and SC-FDMA in uplink LTE in Transport Page 5 of 24

7 PARAMETER Modulation schemas VALUES QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM Table 1. Technical features of LTE technology. Previous table shows some theoretical figures for LTE technology. However, in real deployments there will be some variables affecting to actual values of data capacity in the cell, latency, radio of coverage, etc. For instance, a few factors may be related to the distance between the user equipment and the base station, the speed motion of the user or the characteristics of the propagation channel. LTE is based on adaptative modulation patterns and previous variable conditions will determine the modulation schema used at any instant of the communication. On one side, it will be possible to have very robust but less efficient modulations schemas like QPSK ½ for users in the worst conditions within the cell, for instance at the cell edge. On the other side, very efficient modulations like 64QAM 5/6 will be possible jointly with the use MIMO 2x2 techniques for users in the best conditions within the cell. As a result of these scenarios, the average data rates within a LTE cell will be closed to 1bps/Hz in uplink and 2bps/Hz in downlink. In a practical example, when using a channel bandwidth of 10MHz, it is possible to assume that there will be available a data capacity of 10Mbps in UL and 20 Mbps in DL. In addition, LTE offers a powerful platform to implement in the medium and long term, as long as the standard specifications are developed, some specific functionalities for professional communications like group calls or management of priorities and emergency calls. Thanks to these improvements, railway systems can involve a wide range of data services that will enhance the safety in the operation, for instance, through CCTV systems, or the upgrade of current data networks for signalling applications, as well as enhancing the passenger experience with new on-board Internet services or the makeover of passenger information systems and multimedia systems. All of them sharing the same infrastructure and ensuring the adequate quality of service for the applications requiring the maximum criticality. LTE in Transport Page 6 of 24

8 3. LTE SYSTEMS DESIGNED FOR PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATIONS Commercial cellular networks like current 4G systems deployed by telco carriers have not been designed to operate under critical requirements or in extreme situations, where there are demanding operational parameters like the following: Fast call establishment. Maximum availability and resiliency. Congestion control mechanisms to manage priorities in the access to radio resources and flexible real-time network resource management. Emergency pre-emption. Group communications. Direct mode communications. Commercial networks have been deployed to provide overall coverage and service to many users as possible, maximizing in this way the return on investment and the profitability to the carrier operator. On the contrary, a professional broadband LTE system has not been designed to maximize the economic return, but to guarantee service levels, like data capacity at any moment for certain users, and guaranteeing the best availability to all the users ever, including when a cell is operating at maximum capacity, implementing congestion control mechanisms to avoid the collapse of the system. Transport systems like railways, metros or tramways are critical infrastructures where the communication services must be protected and thus, TELTRONIC s LTE solution has been specifically designed to cover these needs in their operation, enabling continuous and resilient broadband communications between train units, ground users and control rooms. Key differences between design based on commercial or private systems are depicted in the next table: LTE in Transport Page 7 of 24

9 COMMERCIAL LTE SYSTEM PRIVATE LTE SYSTEM Objective Maximize economic benefit Guarantee service Coverage Optimized for those areas with greater concentration of users, what will mean higher economic benefits for the operator. Ensure 100% coverage even in areas with low density of population to guarantee the continuity of the service. Rail tracks are clear example of this feature. Density Many users per km 2. Few users per km 2. Congestion Broadband data Acceptable and tolerated by users. Network design and radio planning to ensure a typical scenario and use. Mainly, applications intensive in downlink channel like Internet browsing. Traffic balance is optimized for download channel use. Unacceptable. Network design and planning to guarantee service level in the worst case and in the most critical situation. In addition, availability figures may have four 9 s. Asymmetric traffic pattern, with more importance of uplink channel for applications involving transmission of information from trains to control rooms (e.g. video, operational information, etc.). Table 2. Differences between commercial and private LTE systems. LTE in Transport Page 8 of 24

10 4. ENEBULA, TELTRONIC S LTE PROFESSIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE Evolved NEBULA or enebula is the commercial name of the next generation TELTRONIC s infrastructure, that now allows the supply of narrowband TETRA systems, broadband LTE systems or hybrid TETRA + LTE systems. It is a digital communications platform designed for PMR users. It allows the integration of several radio technologies and provides a unified service supporting different communications needs in the transport sector and specifically in the rail market. The final design of the LTE system must be adapted to the requirements of every project, and may vary according to the next aspects: Data traffic model for the applications to run over LTE. Typically, it is necessary to establish the average traffic load in the cell, and what is the minimum capacity to guarantee at the cell edge. Number of users who will require broadband applications and expected concentration of users per cell. Geographical features of the area to cover in order to provide the most accurate geographic coverage analysis. enebula System architecture is shown in next figure. It is a flat model with a simple hierarchy organized in four levels: User Equipment or UE. Radio Access Network, called in LTE terminology as E-UTRAN (Evolved Universal Terrestrial RAN), where base stations or enodeb (Evolved NodeB) are the key entities responsible to manage radio interface and provide RF coverage. Central control node also called Evolved Packet core or EPC. It is organized in several functional entities that implements the functionality specified by 3GPP standard specifications: - Mobility Management Entity or MME. LTE in Transport Page 9 of 24

11 Firewall - Serving Gateway or SGW. - Packet Data Network Gateway or PGW. - Evolved Node Controller or ENC. All these logical entities as well as the rest of elements are configured and monitored through the Network Management System or NMS. Service layer, that may be based in solutions provided by TELTRONIC or third party solutions. USER EQUIPMENT E-UTRAN RADIO ACCESS LTE CONTROL NODE (EPC) LTE SERVICES LAYER ENC HSS PCRF VoIP Call Server enodeb MME SGW PGW EPC Video Servers Recording Servers Messaging Servers enodeb NMS Other Figure 1. enebula System Architecture. LTE technology considers the deployment in different frequency bands throughout the radio spectrum. In FDD operation mode, there are standardized class bands in different frequency ranges like 450 / 700 / 800 / 850 / 900 / 1000 / 1600 / 1800 / 2100 / 2600 / 4900 / 5200 MHz In TDD operation mode, there are standardized class bands in different frequency ranges like 1800 / 2300 / 2600 / 3500 / 3700 / 5800 MHz LTE in Transport Page 10 of 24

12 For critical deployments like the case of rail sector, it is highly desirable to work in frequency bands as low as possible since the coverage ranges will be wider. The first generation of TELTRONIC s ENBULA system is available in all frequency class bands under 1 GHz, specifically in standard sub-bands in the range of 700 MHz, between 693 MHz and 803 MHz. TELTRONIC can provide base stations in other sub-bands on demand to our customer. In this way, we can adapt our equipment to the different worldwide regulations for the private operation in the public transport systems. LTE in Transport Page 11 of 24

13 5. ENTITIES IN TELTRONIC S ENEBULA LTE SYSTEM This document has described previously that TELTRONIC s enebula LTE solution is composed of four modules: user equipment, LTE base stations or enodeb, control node or EPC and external applications. This section describes them in detail. UE User Equipment can adopt different form-factors depending on its purpose in the critical operation. Some examples: smartphone, tablets, embedded LTE modules, vehicular equipment and of course, on-board rail units compliant with the most demanding railway regulations. TELTRONIC s LTE Infrastructure has been implemented according to 3GPP Standard specifications and thus it is possible to user COTS devices on it, operating in the compatible frequency bands. Previous to the operation, it is required to assess the operation of the new model of user equipment in the infrastructure. TELTRONIC has already validated several devices to be used on enebula system. For new models of a device (o new versions, e.g. firmware), TELTRONIC can offer Validation Services to end customers. enodeb In LTE terminology, base stations are also called enodeb. All enodebs deployed conform the Radio Access Network or RAN, also called E-UTRAN (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access) by 3GPP standard. enodebs are installed in specific physical sites to provide RF coverage to a geographical area. They coordinate the radio reception and transmission from/to user equipment, as well as the connectivity through backbone network with control node. LTE in Transport Page 12 of 24

14 enebula s enodebs have been designed with outdoor form-factor, as shown in next figure. Figure 2. Outdoor LTE base stations. LTE base stations can be provided to operate in any standard sub-band in the range of 700 MHz, specifically in these ones: B MHz in DL and MHz in UL B MHz in DL and MHz in UL B MHz in DL and MHz in UL B MHz in DL and MHz in UL B MHz in DL and MHz in UL B MHz in DL and MHz in UL EPC LTE control node is the responsible for routing IP data between base stations and external IP services. In 3GPP terminology, it is called Evolved Packet Core and it is the key entity of the LTE core network. The EPC includes all the entities for the control and routing of IP communications. 3GPP establishes that the key entities of EPC are the following: LTE in Transport Page 13 of 24

15 MME, as the entity responsible to control the location of user equipment in the coverage cells and to enable the mobility across adjacent cells. SGW, as the entity responsible to router the user data traffic between enodebs and PGW. It is responsible to create, manage and disable data bearers according predefined rules of quality of service. PGW, as the entity acting as user data traffic gateway from LTE infrastructure towards external IP networks implementing backend user services. In additional to previous entities, the core network of TELTRONIC s LTE infrastructure also includes: ENC, responsible for controlling the access to LTE system and implementing authorization methods for user equipment, as well as managing the quality of service policies and priorities in EPC. This entity integrates two key modules: HSS (Home Subscriber System) for LTE user provisioning and registration, and PCRF (Policy Charging Rules Function), to define access policies to LTE services. It also centralizes other control functions like synchronization tasks for all hardware entities in the infrastructure as well as the collection of statistical information NMS Server, as responsible module for the network management, configuration of any equipment, subscriber management, alarms monitoring, etc. Firewall, as the key door of the system for any kind IP connection from/to external networks. Other physical elements required for the installation and operation of the system like for instance: - EPC chassis and switches, required to interconnect hardware modules in the control node among them, as well as to establish connections with base stations. - Cabinets, power supply sources and cabling. TELTRONIC s EPC solution can be configured according to the size of the network deployed, and it can be supplied as a high available platform, for instance based on ATCA platforms, or based on single servers where functionality is virtualized. LTE in Transport Page 14 of 24

16 Figure 3. Form factor of equipment for LTE core network. Applications Externally to EPC cabinets, but with IP connectivity with it, there may be other server or applications, conceptually grouped in two categories Tools for the operation and management of the infrastructure. For instance, client application of NMS System, and other internal applications used by TELTRONIC or authorized partners for setting up or upgrade the system like for instance Remote Software Tools. Servers executing the business logic of broadband services for LTE subscribers. Some examples are applications in Control Room, remote databases, servers providing access to Corporate Intranets or Video Servers. LTE in Transport Page 15 of 24

17 6. LTE APPLICATIONS FOR TRANSPORTATION SECTOR TELTRONIC s professional LTE solution can provide unified service for broadband applications in transportation market: Surveillance systems in trains and stations Internet connection for passengers Load of operational files: Update of data used by Passenger Information Systems (PIS) or on-board multimedia systems Data communications for Signalling applications: ETCS: Evolution of the current GSM-R systems. CBTC: Improvements as regards current WiFi systems. Upload of operational files: information about ticketing, counting of passengers, reports, statistical information, etc. Figure 4. Application of TELTRONIC s radio communication solutions in transportation market. Next sections describe required architecture and features of these applications. 6.1 LTE for surveillance systems (CCTV) CCTV systems constitute a key element in the rail safety, helping to reduce the response time in case of incidents, and improving the efficiency in the daily operations, both in the line exploitation and during maintenance tasks. LTE in Transport Page 16 of 24

18 Some of the applicability of these systems are listed below. Ground surveillance at stations and at critical points along the tracks. Mobile surveillance for realtime monitoring from Command & Control Centres, for instance from the train cars. Mobile surveillance for realtime monitoring from train cabin of platforms when trains are approaching the station. Through the LTE system, these applications will be able to transmit and receive video signals from and to the trains and Control Rooms. LTE technology provides an added value to the security and safety in the rail network. To ensure the safety of the passengers is one of the main challenges during the rail operations. Moreover, the protection of workers and the facilities against acts of vandalism, crime and even terrorist attacks, is other of the priorities of the rail operators. Without undermining the functionality of the infrastructure, it must guarantee the mobility of thousands of passengers. Hence, it will be essential to adopt safety measures to protect all the open areas, the accesses to rail infrastructures, point of sales, the trains, etc. In this context, CCTV applications used over professional broadband LTE systems, become in an essential feature. TELTRONIC s broadband radio solutions will provide high availability, QoS mechanisms and the possibility to implement redundancy policies in every single element, and thus being adequate to these kind of surveillance applications. LTE in Transport Page 17 of 24

19 ON-BOARD APPLICATION OPERATOR Data connection with guaranteed bit rate enodeb E-UTRAN LTE CONTROL NODE (EPC) COMMAND & CONTROL Figure 5. Professional LTE solution for Transportation. 6.2 LTE for ETCS rail signalling applications ETCS (European Train Control System) is the security and protection system defined within the European rail signalling system ERTMS (European Rail Traffic Management System). It is mainly used in high speed trains or mainlines with the aim to provide interoperability between the rail systems in different countries. This regulation also specifies the wireless communication system for ERTMS, that must be based in GSM-R technology. ETCS as signalling protocol, provides critical information for the train driving like speed limits, movement authorities, etc., and supervises the train circulation. It can be implemented with different safety levels. LTE in Transport Page 18 of 24

20 In ETCS Level1, GSM-R system is uniquely used for voice communications. Train-toground communications take place just at certain cases and through track elements like beacons, circuit systems, etc. In ETCS Level 2, there is a continuous train-to-ground communication over the GSM-R system. Due to the coming obsolescence of GSM-R technology, expected by 2025, Europe is looking into the future and thinking about the next telecommunications system that will support ETCS signalling standard. LTE is now the best positioned technology to play this role. The ERA (European Railway Agency) has already confirmed several aspects of the next candidate. For instance, future ETCS communications system will be IP-based, as regards GSM-R which is circuit switched. In that sense, TELTRONIC s telecommunication systems, both TETRA and LTE, are fully aligned with that decision. LTE offers clear advantages as regards current GSM-R, including an efficient architecture to provide low latencies, and a high data capacity in comparison with the 9.6 kbps provided by GSM-R. In addition to these features, LTE offers sophisticated quality of service mechanisms (QoS) to guarantee and apply priorities in the reservation of resources for different applications without affecting negatively to the resiliency or the security in the network operation. Moreover, TELTRONIC s LTE solution for transportation is ready to include key functionalities specific for the professional market which will be implemented and aligned accordingly to the standardization tasks accomplished by 3GPP. Some examples of this functionality are listed next: Group calls Push-to-talk operation Priority and Pre-emption management Emergency calls Significant improvements in the capacity offered by LTE, will allow creating the foundations of a new communication platform that will support any innovation in ETCS systems in aspects related to security, operation and added-value services for passengers. LTE in Transport Page 19 of 24

21 6.3 LTE for CBTC rail signalling applications Unlike ETCS is used mainly in short-haul, long-distance and high-speed trains, the signalling applications used in mass transit like metros, tramways and light trains, are known in general as CBTC (Communications Based Train Control) systems. CBTC does not indeed constitute a signalling standard, due to each manufacturer has its own solutions, and they are not interoperable between them. Despite this fact, vast majority of CBTC implementations in the market are using the same train-to ground technology: WiFi networks based on IEEE standard family. These systems will support the data communication between the on-board protection equipment and the wayside elements along the tracks. WiFi technology could be an option due to cost, easiness of configuration and commercial availability, however, there are major disadvantages when trusting the vital communication of a CBTC system to this technology: WiFi uses non-licensed bands and thus there are a high risk of interferences between adjacent channels and other networks deployed in the same areas. Thus, it is very complicated to guarantee availability level since the access to the spectrum is free and uncontrolled. It is possible to find other users or networks transmitting in the same frequency bands. The number of required access points along the track is very high, in general every 100 or 200 meters, due to the limited transmission power. Standard family IEEE was designed initially for domestic deployment and mobility is not supported natively by the technology. Thus, it is necessary to implement proprietary customizations to manage mobility and to reduce the high bit error rates during transmissions. WiFi does not support native policies of Quality of Service (QoS). All users compete for radio resources according to a random access, and there is no way to guarantee priorities to specific users. Accordingly, WiFi standard cannot guarantee bandwidth capacity o maximum latencies for critical services. LTE technology solves all these downsides for the operation of CBTC signalling systems, and provides other benefits: LTE in Transport Page 20 of 24

22 Coverage ranges around several kilometres instead of hundreds of meters. Native support of mobility management: handover times between adjacent cells in the order of milliseconds. Advanced mechanisms of quality of service: different radio resources will be assigned dynamically to different user profiles. Licensed frequency bands, what minimizes the risk against interferences. Moreover, the greater data transmission rate will offer flexibility to support the increasing demand of data transmission for CBTC signalling applications in the new driverless train systems. This Grade of Automation (GoA) is categorized on three levels: STO (Semi-automatic Train Operation), where there is a train driver in the cabin monitoring the operation and ready to apply manual actions if required. DTO (Driverless Train Operation), where there may be a rail operator in the train but not necessarily in the cabin. UTO (Unattended Train Operation), where the train is operated fully automatically, without any staff on-board. 6.4 LTE for other applications LTE can also be the perfect radio interface for other applications that helps to improve the rail operation as well as to enhance security or user services. Next table summarizes some of them: APPLICATIONS Updates in the Passenger Information System (PIS): Load of files announcing coming stations. Notification of incidents along the line. Texts in the information panels on board. Texts in the information panels at stations. Etc. LTE in Transport Page 21 of 24

23 APPLICATIONS Update in on board multimedia systems: Load of files for Infotainment systems. Load of advertisement files. Etc. Download of operational files (from train to control room): Information about ticketing. Information about passenger counting systems. Statistical information about alarms and incidents on-board. Statistical information about the use of the radio network and reports. Etc. Table 3. Examples of other application using LTE technology. All of these applications (and others) are not really vital applications, but they help to improve the efficiency and the use of the railway infrastructure, improving the punctuality ratios, resiliency, optimizing the travel times and increasing the line capacity in terms of number of passengers, and thus maximising the benefit during rail operation. To achieve all of these objectives, the availability of the LTE system is essential, enabling a remote and dynamic management of previous applications from the Control Centre. QoS mechanisms provided by broadband LTE technology, and particularly the features provided by TELTRONIC s enebula solution, will allow to allocate the necessary data bandwidth in a manner that critical and vital applications like signalling have guaranteed resources to the operation.. LTE in Transport Page 22 of 24

24 7. KEY DIFFERENTIATORS OF TELTORNIC S LTE SOLUTION Some of the key differentiators of TELTRONIC s enebula LTE solution are summarized in the next table: CHARACTERISTICS TELTRONIC is the owner of its LTE technology, without dependency from third parties either partners. Total control over the design and the manufacturing cycles. LTE solution oriented to private networks with specific functionality for PMR markets, specifically for transportation. Native integration with existing TELTRONIC s TETRA systems. Unified and multi-service system. Unified Network & Subscriber Management System for TETRA and LTE equipment and users. Scalability Mobility Redundancy for any kind of elements in the solutions. Encryption services. BENEFITS Security of supply and continuity in the solutions provided. Flexibility and customization of TELTRONIC s solutions. Availability of requested capabilities for mission critical sectors like priority management, pre-emption management, group calls, etc. Infrastructure management through a single and easy-to-use application. Service delivery to end-user over the most convenient radio interface thanks to Communications Manager. Economic profitability and viability. Set of tools for operating and maintaining deployed systems. Ability to deploy any kind of system: from small networks for local areas to national networks. Radio technologies especially adapted to mobile environment. Maximum availability and resiliency. Data security and integrity. LTE in Transport Page 23 of 24

25 CHARACTERISTICS Radio equipment especially designed for railways markets. Professional Mobile Radio (PMR) services: group calls, priority management, emergency calls, etc. Technologies ready to grow and expand its functionality. Wide experience in the deployment of communication systems for railway sector. BENEFITS Compliancy of railways norms for onboard systems like EN or EN Specific functionality for transportation. Integration of future services. Platform ready to evolve towards new standard versions. Technical expertise and large number of resources for the deployment of new transport projects, fulling specific requirements. Table 4. Characteristics and advantages of TELTRONIC s LTE solution. LTE in Transport Page 24 of 24