BGP Community Harvesting: Locating Peering Infrastructures
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1 Community Harvesting: Locating Peering Infrastructures Vasileios Giotsas, Christoph Dietzel, Georgios Smaragdakis, Anja Feldmann, Arthur Berger, Emile Aben # TU Berlin CAIDA DE-CIX MIT Akamai # RIPE NCC
2 Symbiotic and interdependent infrastructures 2
3 Remote peering extends the reach of IXPs and CFs beyond their local market 3 Global footprint of AMS-IX
4 4 Our Research Goals 1. Path change detection: Timely, at the finest granularity possible 2. Path/peering localization: Distinguish cascading effects from outage source 3. Path tracking: Determine duration, shifts in routing paths, geographic spread
5 Challenges in detecting infrastructure paths 5 Actual incident
6 Challenges in detecting infrastructure paths 6 Actual incident Observed paths VP Before outage
7 Challenges in detecting infrastructure paths 7 Actual incident Observed paths VP Before outage
8 Challenges in detecting infrastructure paths 8 Actual incident Observed paths VP Before outage During outage
9 Challenges in detecting infrastructure paths 9 1. Capturing the infrastructure-level hops between ASes Actual incident Observed paths VP Before outage During outage AS path does not change!
10 Challenges in detecting infrastructure paths Capturing the infrastructure-level hops between ASes Actual incident Observed paths VP Before outage During outage IXP or Facility 2 failed
11 Challenges in detecting infrastructure paths Capturing the infrastructure-level hops between ASes 2. Correlating the paths from multiple vantage points Actual incident Observed paths VP Before outage During outage IXP or Facility 2 failed VP During outage IXP is still active
12 Challenges in detecting infrastructure paths Capturing the infrastructure-level hops between ASes 2. Correlating the paths from multiple vantage points 3. Continuous monitoring of the routing system Actual incident Observed paths VP Before outage During outage The initial hops changed VP During outage No hop changes
13 Challenges in detecting infrastructure paths Capturing the infrastructure-level hops between ASes 2. Correlating the paths from multiple vantage points 3. Continuous monitoring of the routing system Djibouti Telecom Telkom Indonesia France-IX topology
14 Challenges in detecting infrastructure paths Capturing the infrastructure-level hops between ASes 2. Correlating the paths from multiple vantage points 3. Continuous monitoring of the routing system measurement Djibouti Telecom Telkom Indonesia
15 Challenges in detecting infrastructure paths Capturing the infrastructure-level hops between ASes 2. Correlating the paths from multiple vantage points 3. Continuous monitoring of the routing system Traceroute measurement Telkom Indonesia
16 Challenges in detecting infrastructure paths Capturing the infrastructure-level hops between ASes 2. Correlating the paths from multiple vantage points 3. Continuous monitoring of the routing system Traceroute Traceroute Traceroute Traceroute measurement Djibouti Telecom Telkom Indonesia IP-to-Facility 3,4 and IP-to-IXP 5 mapping possible but expensive! 3 Giotsas, Vasileios, et al. "Mapping peering interconnections to a facility", CoNEXT Motamedi, Reza, et al. On the Geography of X-Connects, Technical Report CIS-TR University of Oregon, Nomikos, George, et al. "traixroute: Detecting IXPs in traceroute paths.". PAM 2016
17 Challenges in detecting infrastructure paths Capturing the infrastructure-level hops between ASes 2. Correlating the paths from multiple vantage points 3. Continuous monitoring of the routing system Traceroute Traceroute Traceroute Can we combine continuous passive measurements with fine-grained topology discover?
18 Challenges in detecting infrastructure paths Capturing the infrastructure-level hops between ASes 2. Correlating the paths from multiple vantage points 3. Continuous monitoring of the routing system Traceroute Traceroute Traceroute
19 Deciphering location metadata in 19 PREFIX: /24 ASPATH: COMMUNITY: 2:200
20 Deciphering location metadata in 20 PREFIX: /24 ASPATH: COMMUNITY: 2:200 Communities: Optional attribute 32-bit numerical values Encodes arbitrary metadata
21 Deciphering location metadata in 21 PREFIX: /24 ASPATH: COMMUNITY: 2:200 Top 16 bits: ASN that sets the community. Bottom 16 bits: Numerical value that encodes the actual meaning.
22 Deciphering location metadata in 22 PREFIX: /24 ASPATH: COMMUNITY: 2:200 The Community 2:200 is used to tag routes received at Facility 2
23 Deciphering location metadata in 23 PREFIX: /24 ASPATH: COMMUNITY: 2:200 PREFIX: /24 ASPATH: 4 3 COMMUNITY: 4:8714 4:400 PREFIX: /24 ASPATH: 4 2 COMMUNITY: 4:8714 4:400
24 Deciphering location metadata in 24 PREFIX: /24 ASPATH: COMMUNITY: 2:200 Multiple communities can tag different types of ingress points. PREFIX: /24 ASPATH: 4 3 COMMUNITY: 4:8714 4:400 PREFIX: /24 ASPATH: 4 2 COMMUNITY: 4:8714 4:400
25 Deciphering location metadata in 25 PREFIX: /24 ASPATH: COMMUNITY: 2:100 When a route changes ingress point, the community values will be update to reflect the change. PREFIX: /24 ASPATH: 4 3 COMMUNITY: 4:400 PREFIX: /24 ASPATH: 4 2 COMMUNITY: 4:8714 4:400
26 26 Interpreting Communities Community values not standardized. Documentation in public data sources: WHOIS, NOCs websites 3,049 communities by 468 ASes
27 27 Topological coverage ~50% of IPv4 and ~30% of IPv6 paths annotated with at least one Community in our dictionary. 24% of the facilities in PeeringDB, 98% of the facilities with at least 20 members.
28 28 Conclusions Timely and accurate infrastructure-level path detection through passive monitoring Useful for multiple use cases: outage detection, blackholing activity, path propagation
29 Thank you! 29
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the real-time Internet routing observatory Alessandro Improta alessandro.improta@iit.cnr.it Our research focus: the Internet AS-level ecosystem Why is it important? To identify Internet topological properties
Keywords: Internet Economics, Interconnection, Peering, Network Formation, Computational methods, Measurement 1
The Internet consists of thousands of autonomous systems (ASes) that voluntarily form bilateral (sometimes conditional) interconnection agreements to provide end-to-end reachability. These interactions