Vantage Point Selection for IPv6 Measurements

Transcription

1 Vantage Point Selection for IPv6 Measurements Benefits and Limitations of RIPE Atlas Tags Vaibhav Bajpai Jacobs University Bremen RIPE 72, Copenhagen Joint work with Steffie Jacob Eravuchira SamKnows Limited, London Jürgen Schönwälder Jacobs University, Bremen Robert Kisteleki / Emile Aben RIPE NCC, Amsterdam May Supported by: Flamingo Project: flamingo-project.eu 1 / 13

2 9.3K probes connected around the globe (May 2016). RIPE Atlas Probes 18K 16K NEVER CONNECTED 14K 12K CONNECTED 10K DISCONNECTED 8K ABANDONED 6K 4K REGISTERED 2K API STATUS NEVER CONNECTED % CONNECTED % DISCONNECTED % ABANDONED % REGISTERED % Recent Events: Feb 13 Public APIs [1, 2, 3] to provision measurements on probes. Jul 14 Feature to add tags to probes [4]. Oct 14 Vantage point selection using tags. 2 / 13

3 Tags applied by RIPE Atlas based on results from built-in measurements. system-ipv4-capable system-ipv4-works system-resolves-a-correctly system-resolves-aaaa-correctly system-v3 system-ipv4-rfc1918 system-ipv6-capable 3552 system-ipv6-works 2982 system-v system-v1 847 system-ipv6-doesnt-work 714 system-auto-geoip-city 601 system-auto-geoip-country 409 system-resolver-mangles-case 377 system-ipv6-ula 376 system-anchor 182 system-doesnt-resolve-aaaa system-doesnt-resolve-a 66 system-ipv4-doesnt-work 63 system-flakey-connection 3 system-firewall-problem-suspected 1 system-no-flash-drive 1 system-resolves-aaaa-incorrectly 1 0 3K 6K 9K 12K # (Probes) Frequently updated (every 4 hours) Fairly stable and accurate. Highlights state of DNS and IP connectivity. Helps identify hardware version of the probe. 3 / 13

4 Evolution 2.2K probes are dual-stacked (May 2016). Richest source of vantage points for IPv6 measurement studies. 10K 8K 6K 4K 2K 0 Connected, Non-Anchored Probes all dual-stacked API TAGS Criteria: 1. Probes with same IPv4 and IPv6 ASN. 2. Probes with system-ipv4-works and system-ipv6-works tags. 4 / 13

5 91 countries / 813 ASNs covered. SI: 1.0 % AU: 1.0 % GR: 1.1 % NZ: 0.9 % OTHERS: 15.2 % DE 398 US 307 FR 230 NL 161 GB 146 COMCAST 180 DTAG 116 PROXAD 108 XS4ALL 75 ORANGE 45 PL: 1.3 % FI: 1.4 % IT: 1.4 % JP: 1.4 % SE: 1.6 % AT: 2.0 % NO: 2.1 % CA: 2.1 % CZ: 2.3 % DE: 17.9 % Belgium 1 missing in the top 5 list! RU: 2.4 % BE: 3.2 % CH: 3.3 % Probes likely do not reflect IPv6 user population across the globe. GB: 6.6 % NL: 7.3 % US: 13.8 % FR: 10.4 % Entire list at: 1 Belgium with 42% penetration leads (as of May 2016) Google IPv6 adoption statistics [5] Highcharts.com 5 / 13

6 Correlation of IPv6 users against dual-stacked probes using APNIC dataset [6] 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% IPv6 Penetration Probes Users Country Rank USERS PROBES BE 54.0% 3.2% PT 29.8% 0.9% CH 31.6% 3.3% GR 23.3% 1.1% US 30.8% 13.8% EE 16.8% 0.2% EC 14.8% 0.1% LU 14.5% 0.7% JP 14.9% 1.4% MY 12.9% 0.1% JP with 17M IPv6 users (around 15% IPv6 usage ratio) hosts only 32 probes. These countries with large IPv6 userbase can benefit from more probes. 6 / 13

7 We further used PeeringDB [7] to map ASNs by network type # (Probes) ISP/NSP CONTENT PROVIDERS EDUCATIONAL/RESEARCH NON-PROFITS TAGS ENTERPRISE NSP % CP % EDU % NP % EP % 80% of dual-stacked probes are hosted by ISPs. 60% (681 probes) of which are deployed at home. DSL 203 RESIDENTIAL CABLE 139 FIBRE 144 TOTAL / 13

8 Tags manually applied by probe hosts nat home 10 2 no-nat RIPE Atlas Probes cable dsl office 10 1 ipv4 datacentre fibre native-ipv Popular user tags are centered around home probes. TAGS nat home no-nat ipv4 fibre cable dsl office datacentre native-ipv6 ipv6 core ipv6-tunnel native-ipv4 multihomed academic adsl isp comcast vdsl2 vdsl ixp wireless-isp iwantbcp38compliancetesting known-ipv6-issues he double-nat upc 6to4 6rd vpn known-ipv4-issues mobile free sixxs hackerspace lte ds-lite satellite dtag noc twc cgn 4g xs4all fios wimax 3g internet2 nat64 broken meeting 464xlat K 4K # (Probes) / 13

9 Tag Updates User tags tend to become stale over time! CDF Probes: 13.2K sys user Frequency of Tag Updates ['14-'16] 1.6% of probe hosts ever update their user tags. 59.1% of probes received at least 1 update on system tags. 13.3% of probes received atleast 10 updates on system tags. 9 / 13

10 Try it now! 10 / 13

11 User tags tend to become stale over time. System tags (refresh every 4 hours) are stable and accurate. We used system tags to identify dual-stacked probes: 2.2K probes covering 91 countries and 813 ASNs. 80% deployed by ISPs with 681 connected at homes. Evenly split across DSL, cable and fibre deployments. Some countries (such as BE and JP) are underrepresented in this sample / 13

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13 References I [1] RIPE Atlas - Probe API: v1, [Online; accessed 06-November-2015]. [2] RIPE Atlas - Probe Archive API: v1, [Online; accessed 06-November-2015]. [3] RIPE Atlas - Measurement Creation API, [Online; accessed 06-November-2015]. [4] RIPE Atlas - Midsummer Update 2014, [Accessed: 04-Apr-2016]. [5] Google - IPv6 Adoption Statistics, [Online; accessed 22-Jan-2016]. [6] APNIC - IPv6 users by country, [Online; accessed 22-Jan-2016]. [7] A. Lodhi, N. Larson, A. Dhamdhere, C. Dovrolis, and kc claffy, Using peeringdb to understand the peering ecosystem, ser. Computer Communication Review (CCR) 14, 2014, pp , [Online]. Available: 13 / 13