Understand the past, support the present, shape the future. Enabling Land Force Mobility Dr Peter Holliday MAJ Jason Broderick

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1 Understand the past, support the present, shape the future Enabling Land Force Mobility Dr Peter Holliday MAJ Jason Broderick

2 Scope Land Force Mobility challenges (CIS Focus) Talisman Sabre 2015 Overview CIS Capability Trials Future Initiatives Concluding remarks Questions

3 What is the LNIC The Land Network Integration Centre is owned by CA The LNIC s LoE are to: Support to Operations Direct Support to Capability Decisions Manage the Land Network Configuration Baseline Innovate and integrate to support the Army-In-Being Enhance joint and coalition interoperability Governance and Capacity Building Supporting learn, build, expand, enhance

4 LNIC Programs Land Platform Network Integration Mission Network Development Common Vehicle Architectures Secret Wireless CWAN Land Network Battle Lab Combined Black / Red NMS Next Gen SATCOM Architectures

5 Understand the past, support the present, shape the future Exercise Talisman Sabre 15

6 Land Force Mobility Challenges Legacy capabilities FOB Mentality Incapable of rapid deployment Additional CIS systems Lack of system interoperability Analogue processes

7 Talisman Sabre 15 Overview Biennial bilateral US / AS exercise Multiple focuses: Joint Task Force Land Component Command (Divisional) Brigade (Exercise Hamel) Enablers LNIC supported the design / build / execution of the BLUEFOR network architecture

8 Talisman Sabre 15 Overview

9 Talisman Sabre 15 Overview Architecture built and maintained by LNIC with capabilities currently not IIS The fielded Capability Demonstrators included: Commercial Solutions for Classified Wireless LAN TDMA SATCOM Black Core Routing The purpose of fielding the demonstrators was: Validate the capacity of the systems Illustrate the flexibility the system provided to the User

10 Understand the past, support the present, shape the future CIS Capability Trials

11 Commercial Solutions for Classified (CSfC) NSA Program designed to tap the agility of commercial products Layered design Swiss Cheese Multiple mechanisms to satisfy IA requirement Mechanisms must be independent If one mechanism fails, the other should be sufficient Independence SW, HW, Algorithms, protocols, suppliers

12 CSfC (cont) Source: NSA STAR-401 RSA Conference 2012

13 CSfC Secure Wireless Source: NSA STAR-401 RSA Conference 2012

14 LNIC Secure Wireless Solution n WLAN stations Mesh AP a Backhaul Cyber Monitoring n Root AP WLAN Controller Firewall Outer VPN Inner VPN MSN WPA2-Ent Suite-B Suite-B

15 Trial Conduct The system represented the second iteration of the design System was trialled in two phases: Phase 1 LBRR Phase 2 Field Trial The field trial was conducted with 17 CSS Bde The system was deployed into: Bde Tac HQ Bde Main HQ (FSG) The system operated continuously for 22 days

16 Trial Results The system was deemed fit for purpose Laptop design and functionality was intuitive and flexible The system demonstrated: A significant reduction in cabling infrastructure An increase in HQ functionality and flexibility No significant increase in RF signature above what was already present System design will become the basis for future work with CISSO and BDA

17 TDMA versus FDMA FDMA Frequency F3 F2 F1 Time

18 Current BDE Deployment FDMA SCPC / Single Mode Rear Main Forward Enablers Strategic Interface

19 TDMA versus FDMA TDMA Frequency F3 F2 F3 F3 F3 F3 F3 F2 F2 F2 F2 F2 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 F1 Time

20 BDE Deployment TDMA MCPC / Single Mode Rear TDMA Main TDMA Forward TDMA FDMA Enablers FDMA Strategic Interface

21 BDE Deployment TDMA MCPC / Multi Mode Rear TDMA Main TDMA Forward TDMA FDMA Enablers Strategic Interface

22 Trial Conduct LNIC has been working with TDMA for over 4 years The Talisman Sabre trial series utilised the following: Twin GD Warrior 240 SATCOM Terminals L3 Hawkeyes with Hughes HX series modems Hughes Tactical Gateway (TGW) Trial conducted over Ka Band WGS utilising simultaneous FDMA and TDMA The TDMA Cloud supported 6 remote nodes including one mobile US node

23 Trial Results The TDMA performed well, providing sufficient bandwidth across the cloud Ka Band performance was adversely effected by weather, consideration for use of X Band for future trials The ability to hub both TDMA and FDMA from the same terminal significantly reduced the SATCOM footprint Adding and removing nodes from the network could be achieved efficiently without requiring support from strategic agencies

Black Core Routing TDM PABX DSN Z Z MSN Z ATM Switch DRN Router Z Bearer 512kbps Trunk c Technologies Used IP ATM EUROCOM (TDM) Ethernet 802.

24 Black Core Routing TDM PABX DSN Z Z MSN Z ATM Switch DRN Router Z Bearer 512kbps Trunk c Technologies Used IP ATM EUROCOM (TDM) Ethernet OLTU (EUROCOM) IP Crypto TDM Crypto (KG94/K7) Serial (RS-449/530) WAS bandwidth is fixed PVC unused bandwidth is lost DSN AAL5 128k UBR MSN AAL5 128k UBR TDM AAL1 256k PVC Current Model IP network PABX DAHA ATM MUX Circuit Switched WAN Bandwidth is fixed Many technologies and protocols Complex to maintain Does not scale

25 Black Core Routing Fully converged all bandwidth is available Black Core Aggregated Network Simplified design LAS A LAS B 512kbps Trunk Converged IP 512kbps Supports All domains DRN/DSN/DMN/DTSN Z Z Technologies Used IP Ethernet UNCLAS Voice provide by Black Router Black Aggregation Router WAS Bearer HAIPE Crypto

26 Black Core Routing Overlay Consider the traditional single hop overlay model (Pre-TS15) BDE Rear BDE Main BDE Forward

27 Black Core Routing Overlay Consider the traditional single hop overlay model for a TDMA/FDMA Network BDE Rear BDE Main BDE Forward

28 Black Core Routing Overlay Consider the traditional single hop overlay model for a TDMA/FDMA Network BDE Rear BDE Main Hair pinning 3 Sat Hops! BDE Forward

29 Black Core Routing Overlay Need a multi-hop peer-to-peer overlay TS15 BDE Rear BGP Peer BGP Peer BDE Main BGP Peer BDE Forward

30 Black Core Routing Overlay Need a multi-hop BCN overlay TS15 BDE Rear BGP Peer BGP Peer BDE Main BGP Peer BDE Forward

31 Black Core Routing Overlay Need a multi-hop BCN overlay TS15 Bearer agnostic BLOS/LOS/Cable BGP Peer BGP Peer BGP Peer

32 Trial Conduct TRANSEC Routers had been used previously on operations LNIC utilised the AHQ purchased TIPAN Routers to support the Black Core Network Trial was conducted over two phases: Phase 1 Ex Blue Diamond (Mar 15) Phase 2 Ex Talisman Sabre (Jun 15) Black Core Network supported by CIOG through TACINTS

33 Trial Results TRANSEC Routers were able to replace the current fleet of legacy aggregation systems The use of BGP allowed nodes to be added and removed without adverse effect the architecture The TRANSEC Routers are easy to configure and maintain The use of COTS and MOTS reduces technical risk and provides a robust solution The ability to traffic shape created efficiencies in bandwidth usage

34 Lesson Learnt One size does not fit all Understand the effect the capability provides Static versus mobile Balancing bandwidth and manoeuvre Interrelationships between layer 1 4 Red Routing (LAN) Black Core encrypted Network (likely aggregated) Transport (either celestial or terrestrial) Each component can not be planned in isolation!

35 Support to Mobility Challenges Increased agility: Black Core TDMA Decreased CIS establishment times: Secure Wireless TDMA and TDMA Hubs Reduced CIS equipment footprint: Multi band, multi frequency SATCOM Hubs Mission Networks

36 Understand the past, support the present, shape the future LNIC Future Initiatives

37 Future Initiatives (16/17) Common Vehicle Architecture RF Rationalisation Software Defined Radios Distributed Compute and Storage Complementary Wireless (4G/LTE, WiFi) Data Analytics Wideband BLOS systems for satellite denied environments

38 Conclusion Armies will continue to investigate ways to utilise technology to increase mobility Commercial technologies lead the way in many of the areas being investigated With the continuing proliferation of essential C2 and Mission Systems, capabilities need to consider: Becoming hardware agnostic Designed for integration in a Systems of Systems approach

39 Understand the past, support the present, shape the future Questions

Enabling Land Force Mobility

Enabling Land Force Mobility Lesson Learnt from Ex Talisman Sabre 2015 DR. Peter Holliday and MAJ Jason Broderick Land Network Integration Centre (LNIC) Australian Army Headquarters Fyshwick, ACT Abstract