Softwarization of 5G Core Networks

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1 Softwarization of 5G Core Networks Jyh-Cheng Chen Department of Computer Science National Chiao Tung University

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8 Generic 2G Architecture Core Network (CN) VLR PSTN VLR MSC HLR MSC BS Mobile Station Radio Access Network (RAN) 8

9 Outline Evolution of cellular networks from 1G to 4G with focus on core networks What is 5G? 5G applications Softwarization of 5G core networks 9

10 1G Wireless Networks Became commercially available in the early 1980s Analog radio technologies and circuit-switched transmission and networking technologies Main service: circuit-switched voice Lack the ability to support roaming between different network operators Three main 1G radio system standards Advanced Mobile Phone Systems (AMPS) in North America Total Access Communications Services (TACS) in the United Kingdom Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) in Nordic countries 10

11 2G Wireless Networks Emerged in the early 1990s Digital signal processing and transmission technologies (increased radio capacity and spectrum utilization, enhanced voice quality, reduced power consumption, etc.) Standards for core networks In addition to circuit-switched voice, enabled the first waves of mobile data and mobile Internet services 11

12 2G Systems in North America RAN IS-136: Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) IS-95: Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Core Network IS-41: support roaming between different network operators 12

13 2G System in Europe GSM (Global System for Mobile communications): RAN and core network Radio frequencies 900 MHz and 1800 MHz in Europe 800 MHz and 1900 MHz in the United States Services circuit-switched voice 9.6 Kbps circuit-switched symmetric channel as a data connection to access the Internet Most widely used 2G wireless network standards in the world 13

14 2G System in Japan Personal Digital Cellular (PDC) network Services circuit-switched voice data services over 9.6 Kbps radio channels 14

15 2.5G Wireless Networks Provide higher radio system capabilities and per-user data rates than 2G systems, but do not yet achieve all the capabilities promised by 3G systems General Packet Radio Services (GPRS) provide a packet-switched core network as an extension to GSM core networks Enhanced Data Rates for Global GSM Evolution (EDGE) provide advanced modulation and channel coding techniques to increase the data rates of GSM radio systems support data rates up to 384 Kbps (also regard as a 3G system due to its high speed) 15

16 3G Wireless Networks Significantly increase radio system capacities and per-user data rates over 2G systems Support IP-based data, voice and multimedia services Enhance quality-of-service (QoS) support Improve interoperability 16

17 Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) 3G core networks will evolve the GSM core network platform to support circuit-switched mobile services and to evolve the GPRS core network platform to support packet-switched services. 3G radio access technologies will be based on the Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Networks (UTRANs) that use Wideband- CDMA (WCDMA) radio technologies. 17

18 Third-Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) 3G core networks will evolve the IS-41 core network to support circuit-switched mobile services and define a new packet core network architecture that leverages capabilities provided by the IS-41 core network to support IP services. 3G radio access technologies will be based on cdma2000 radio technologies. 18

3GPP conceptual network architecture (Release 5) PSTN and Circuit-Switched Wireless Network External IP Networks IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) Circuit Switched Domain GMSC MSC + VLR Information

19 3GPP conceptual network architecture (Release 5) PSTN and Circuit-Switched Wireless Network External IP Networks IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) Circuit Switched Domain GMSC MSC + VLR Information Servers Shared by PS and CS Domain (HSS, EIR, AuC) GGSN SGSN Packet Switched Domain Core Network GSM RAN (i.e., Base Station Subsystems) Radio Access Networks UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) 19

20 3.5G 3GPP High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) 3GPP2 Evolution - Data Optimized (EV- DO) 20

21 4G Two 4G candidate systems are commercially deployed: the Mobile WiMAX standard first used in South Korea in 2007 the first-release Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard in Oslo, Norway and Stockholm, Sweden since

22 3GPP Architecture (Release 8) 3GPP Evolved Packet System (EPS) Radio Side (LTE Long Term Evolution) Evolved-UTRAN (E-UTRAN) Network Side (SAE System Architecture Evolution) Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 3GPP Release 8 is the first release of the SAE Packet-switched core network only for voice, data, video, and other multimedia traffic Roaming between 3GPP, non-3gpp (trusted and nontrusted), and fixed access networks Designed to optimize network performance 22

23 3GPP SAE Architecture (simplified) IP networks HSS PCRF S6a Gx SGi PDN Gateway SGSN S4 S3 Serving Gateway MME S2a SWn 2G Gb Iu 3G LTE S1 GERAN UTRAN E-UTRAN Trusted non-3gpp Acces Network Untrusted non-3gpp Access Network 23

24 LTE/SAE Architecture All-IP network Flat architecture Reduce complexity Seamless mobility Network sharing: a single E-UTRAN can be shared by multiple operators 24

25 E-UTRAN Architecture MME / S-GW MME / S-GW S1 S1 S1 S1 enb X2 enb E-UTRAN X2 X2 enb 25

26 E-UTRAN Only enodeb in E-UTRAN: support all L1 and L2 features The functions of RNC are distributed between enodeb, MME, S-GW. X2 interface: minimize packet loss due to mobility 26

27 Comparison with 3G/UMTS Simplified architecture/flat architecture Separation of control plane and user plane Packet-switched only core network Roaming between 3GPP, non-3gpp (trusted and non-trusted), and fixed access networks Packets are routed through S-GW for intra E-UTRAN mobility 27

28 Architecture Migration 28

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Digital, Packet Switching only (all IP, greater

Circuit and Packet Switching (IP core, greater roaming

less power consumption, better quality, greater roaming

30 Digital, Packet Switching only (all IP, greater bandwidth, Improved support for mobility Digital, Circuit and Packet Switching (IP core, greater roaming capability) Digital, Circuit Switching(greater capacity, less power consumption, better quality, greater roaming capability, more secure) Analog, Circuit Switching (No autonomic roaming) 30

31 What will 5G be? 31

32 More and more applications 32

33 Lower and lower latency 33

34 More and more data transmitted Explosive social and multimedia services Growth of mobile data traffic [12]. 34

35 Not just smartphones anymore Growth of mobile devices [12]. IoT use cases [13]. 35

36 NGMN White paper 36

37 1G to 4G Mainly used by human beings 1G and 2G were about voice 3G was about data 4G is about video 37

38 5G 5G, will be about intelligent networks that can handle billions of connected devices while remaining stable and operational. Source: 38

39 5G Vision energy monitoring virtual fitting connected ivehicle housing apparel intelligent farming transportation augment reality teaching food hologram conference Always connected high speed mobile internet VHD remote diagnosis education somatosensory virtual game communication source:ibm, Microsoft, Sony, NTT DoCoMo medical care entertainment 39

40 NGMN 5G vision Faster data rate: 1~10 Gbps Download HD videos in seconds, AR, VR Lower end-to end latency: 1~10ms Autonomous driving, Tactile Internet, Interactive applications Higher user mobility: >500km/h High Speed Train Broadband access in dense areas HD video/photo sharing in stadium Ultra-reliable communications E-health, Remote surgery, Drones Massive machine type communications Smart grid, Smart transportation, Industrial 4.0 (Internet of Things) 40

41 Three key use cases of 5G 41

42 Key capabilities of 5G Source ITU-R M

43 What s wrong with the current 4G core network? 43

44 All Propriety Hardware Specialized Features Specialized Hardware Huawei ecns600 elte Core Network Access System 44

Current 4G Architecture E-UTRAN Control entity Authentication Bearer management Mobility management X2 S1-MME HSS S6a MME S11 DB for user profiles Help authentication PCRF Gx EPC QoS, Charging rules

45 Current 4G Architecture E-UTRAN Control entity Authentication Bearer management Mobility management X2 S1-MME HSS S6a MME S11 DB for user profiles Help authentication PCRF Gx EPC QoS, Charging rules Internet, Enterprise Network, etc. UE LTE-Uu S1-U S-GW S5 P-GW SGi PDN enodeb Packet routing/forwarding Packet buffering Anchor point of mobility Policy/accounting Packet routing/forwarding IP allocation Anchor point of mobility Policy/accounting Control Data 45 Control/Data

46 High cost, low revenue limits innovation Not flexible How to solve? 46

47 Softwarization (SDN/NFV) 47

48 5G architecture based on SDN/NFV 48

49 NFV Network Function Virtualization Flow table Network Control Mobility Manager Common Platform Resource Manage. Fixed Policy Software Control layer (Brain) Network Virtualization Existing Core Network Hardware Layer (Backbone) 49

50 SDN Software-defined network SDN Controller Moving Network Human Network Common Platform Software Control Layer (Brain) Network Virtualization RAT. 2 RAT. 1 IoT Hardware Layer (Backbone) 50

51 Network Slicing RAT. 2 RAT. 1 Moving Network Moving Network RAT. 2 RAT. 1 Human Network Human Network RAT. 2 RAT. 1 IoT RAT. 2 RAT. 1 分流策略網路設定移動管理共用管理功能資源分配 Software Control Layer (Brain) Network Virtualizing IoT Hardware Layer (Backbone) 51

52 Benefits of Softwarization Reduced cost Reduced equipment costs and reduced power consumption Eliminate unneeded feature Scale in/out according to network demand Rapid innovation Innovation at software speed Can do experiments Standards will follow software deployments Open up network innovation to great minds around the world flexibility Deploy services according to geography Deploy services according to user characteristics Dynamically route packets to its particular network slice 52

53 5G roadmap and timeline 53

54 Research topics of softwarization How to integrate OpenFlow-based data plane with legacy 4G core network data plane? How to retain the required performance for network entities while it is virtualized? How to design and implement the automatic self-management MANO system? How to implement customized VNFs efficiently for a flexible OPEN 5G core? 54

55 Reconfigurable Core (RECO) 55

56 Use cases For remote-control surgery For high-speed users 56

57 For remote-control surgery Low latency High security GTP module NAS and S6a module Healthcare MME Healthcare Gtp Healthcare NAS Base S1ap Healthcare S6a 57

58 For high-speed users High mobility GTP module Frequent handover and location update NAS module High Mobility MME High Mobility Gtp High Mobility NAS Base S1ap Base S6a 58

Human Objectoriented GTP.so Human Objectoriented NAS.

so MME Common Libraries Dynamic Linking Framework Human

so Human MME- VNF Human SGW(c)/PG W(c)-VNF Human HSS- VNF MTC

7,8,9 Identifier Load Balancer Generate a descriptor according

59 Human Objectoriented GTP.so Human Objectoriented NAS.so Human Objectoriented S1AP.so MME Common Libraries Dynamic Linking Framework Human Objectoriented S6A.so Human MME- VNF Human SGW(c)/PG W(c)-VNF Human HSS- VNF MTC User Cell Phone Car Cell phone MTC Car VNF 1,2,3 VNF 4,5,6 VNF 7,8,9 Identifier Load Balancer Generate a descriptor according to UE s type Human Network Slice CPU NIC Memory Disk General Purpose HW IOT Network Slice Virtualization CPU NIC Moving Network Slice Memory Disk General Purpose HW 59

60 Reconfigurable Core (RECO) Common modules common MME libraries which different types of users share. E.g., UDP, SCTP, hash table Object-oriented customized modules customized modules which differ between different types of users Dynamic Linking Framework parse descriptor load and initialize corresponding customized modules 60

Verify the correctness of RECO MME Pseudo

61 Verify the correctness of RECO MME Pseudo Identifier Descriptor (Cfg. file) LTE Small Cell Network Slice VMware Workstation CPU NIC.s RECO.s.s.s o MME.s o.s o o o o Openaircn MME Common Libraries Dynamic MME Linking Framework Openaircn SGW/PGW Memory Disk General Purpose HW Openaircn HSS 61

62 Equipment (1/2) UE1: Sony Xperia T3 D5103 UE2: ASUS UX410 & Huawei LTE Dongle Programmable SIM card programmed by PySIM 62

63 Equipment (2/2) LTE Small Cell: Wistron NeWeb OSQ4G-01E2 63

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65 Comparison Open5GCore OpenEPC Open source No, very expensive No, very expensive Completeness Status Reduce Disk & memory Active Active nwepc Frozen Openair-cn Active Flexibility RECO Active OOP design 65

66 Concluding remarks of RECO Absolutely free Easy to install (hopefully) Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) design easier to understand, reuse, modify, and extend Easily to add your own modules Real core network to implement your ideas, not just simulation and/or math analysis Professors can design labs for students 66

System Network Control IO Abstraction PaNDA

67 Building Blocks For 5G CN Control plane(nfv+cloud) Data plane(sdn) Network Data Analytics Management & Orchestration Virtual Network Functions VIM Management System Network Control IO Abstraction PaNDA nwepc RECO ECOMP RECONet HW/OS Operating Systems Hardware 67

68 This is just a first step. Please use it, give us feedbacks, and even join us to develop the first comprehensive, free, and open-source 5G core network. 68

69 For more information Website: Video: Source code: Paper: Poster - RECO: A Reconfigurable Core Network for Future 5G Communication Systems, to appear in ACM MobiCom, Snowbird, Utah, USA, Oct

Dimensioning, configuration and deployment of Radio Access Networks. part 1: General considerations. Mobile Telephony Networks

Dimensioning, configuration and deployment of Radio Access Networks. part 1: General considerations Mobile Telephony Networks 1 The Evolution of Mobile Telephony 1st Generation 2nd 3rd 4th Analogue Voice