Cellular Networks: Overview. CSE5469 Chunyi Peng

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1 Cellular Networks: Overview CSE5469 Chunyi Peng

2 Agenda Cellular Networks Architecture Cellular Networks vs. WiFi Emerging topics Chunyi Peng (OSU) 2

3 Cellular Networks To date, the only opera?onal large- scale wireless network with wide- area coverage and mobility support Chunyi Peng (OSU) 3

4 Key Services: Connec?vity and More Pervasive connec?vity: anyone, any?me, anywhere Device - > Base sta?on - > Cellular core Network - > External network or internal devices) Carrier- network services: data, voice, messaging, Two salient features Wide- area (e.g. na?onwide) coverage: cells Mobility support: seamless service as we go Chunyi Peng (OSU) 4

5 Cellular Network Architecture: A Simple 3G/4G Example 3G (PS + CS) Circuit Switching (CS) Mobile Switching Center 4G (PS only) 3G Base stations 3G Gateways Packet Switching (PS) 4G Gateways Mobility Management Entity 5

6 Cellular Network Architecture Radio access network Full coverage via deploying a large # of RANs Core Network Data- plane: connec?vity and data/voice/etc transfer Control- plane, management- plane: control and management to facilitate the data- plane transfer Radio Access Network Core Network (3G) MSC GMSC SGSN GGSN Chunyi Peng (OSU) 6

7 Architecture: More Hierarchical geographic coverage Cell, Loca?on Area (Rou?ng Area) Good for mobility support: loca?on update, handoff SGSN GGSN SGSN SGSN Chunyi Peng (OSU) 7

8 Architecture: More Becoming flat and complicated Aka: rou?ng Other core components HSS IMS VLR/ HLR Middle- box Charging & Billing SGSN GGSN SGSN SGSN GGSN Chunyi Peng (OSU) 8

9 Cellular vs. Wi- Fi Cellular Access network BS- CellularCore- IP backbone Within Cellular Cellular- specific design: 3GPP standards Wi- Fi Access network AP to IP backbone Wireless access * MAC: IEEE standards Directly support IP/TCP internet protocol stack (IETF)s Chunyi Peng (OSU) 9

10 Cellular vs. Wi- Fi: More Cellular networks: base sta4ons + core gateway Internet: wireless access network + IP router 1.Radio Access 2. From Access to Core Gateway 1A. PHY: LTE/UMTS/ (OFDM/ CDMA) 1B. MAC: schedule- based 1C. Radio resource control: extra control& state 2A. Within one network 2B. Integrated (e.g., layer- 2 tunneling from base sta?on to core switch) 2C. Control plane 2D. Support circui4ng- swi4ng and packet- switching 1A. PHY: a/b/g/n/ac (TDMA, OFDM) 1B. MAC: CSMA- CA (conten?on- based) 2A. Independent 2B. data forwarding over IP 2C. Simple control (rou?ng) 2D. packet- switching only 3. MISC 3A: mobility: Handoff 3A: No mobility support (default) Chunyi Peng (OSU) 10

11 Mobile Network Evolu?on 1G AMPS, NMT, TACS 1980s 3G 2G GSM/GPRS/EDGE cdmaone 1990s WCDMA/HSPA+ CDMA2000/EVDO TD- SCDMA LTE LTE- advanced Digital v oice analog voice + Simple data 4G 2000s 2010s Mobile broadband More and Faster APP Chunyi Peng (OSU) 11

12 Telecom Legacy Smart Core Dumb End Complex func?ons at the core (network infrastructure) Internet: smart end dumb core Circuit- switching for voice and Packet- switching for data Two service models Impact on architecture, protocol, func?ons/ modules Applicable: 2G/3G Chunyi Peng (OSU) 12

13 Evolu?on toward IP- based Internet 4G LTE PS only (no CS) all- IP (flaier) 5G: next genera?on mobile network (~2020) Unified framework Heterogeneous RAN and virtualized access Core network - > cloud (Network Func?on Virtualiza?on) Toward a somware solu?on Chunyi Peng (OSU) 13

14 Research Topics Not an exhaus?ve list On architecture perspec?ve Radio access and radio resource control (RRC) Different from Wi- Fi Efficiency, impact on upper layer, energy efficiency, etc Core network Component study: Middlebox, DNS, Charging, IMS etc Next- genera?on architecture Chunyi Peng (OSU) 14

15 Research Topics (cont d) On System concerns: performance, reliability, security Protocol performance and user experience Different underlying protocols Impact on TCP, Web, Video and other apps Op?miza?on: caching and new protocols Reliability: protocol verifica?on, fault tolerance Security: Aiacks and countermeasures Chunyi Peng (OSU) 15

16 Research Topics (cont d) On unique features Mobility support How? Handoff and other mechanisms Impacts on apps, implica?on Cellular + WiFi Offloading: how to dynamically select access MPTCP: concurrent connec?vity Voice support, Chunyi Peng (OSU) 16

17 Research Topics (cont d) On evolua?on Evolu?on impacts: power and peril New features and update Performance, reliability and security implica?ons Compa?bility and side- effects Next- genera?on cellular networks LTE- Advanced and 5G technologies: HetNet, Massive MIMO, Device- to- device communica?on, carrier aggrega?on, RAN Clouds, NFV, SDN, etc Chunyi Peng (OSU) 17

18 Topics Covered in this seminar Peril of the evolu?on (focus on security) Mobile data charging: from voice to data VoLTE and CSFB: new voice models Classic problems RRC (radio resource control) QoS and user experience Mobility support and HetNet (incl. WiFi + Cellular) 5G and SDN Non- cellular topics (misc) Relevant to mobile Chunyi and Peng wireless (OSU) systems 18

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