Enabling Wide-spread Communications on Optical Fabric with MegaSwitch
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1 Enabling Wide-spread Communications on Optical Fabric with MegaSwitch Li Chen Kai Chen, Zhonghua Zhu, Minlan Yu, George Porter, Chunming Qiao, Shan Zhong
![Rising [Sigcomm 15] How to design an optical fabric](/docs-images/77/75307854/images/2-4.jpg "that enables high bisection bandwidth?")
2 Optical Networking in Data Centers Optical networking in data centers Low cost Low power consumption Low wiring complexity High one-to-one bandwidth Optical Fabric Data center traffic demand is growing Jupiter Rising [Sigcomm 15] How to design an optical fabric that enables high bisection bandwidth? 3/29/17 SING-CSE-HKUST 2
3 Optical Networking in Data Centers Optical fabric usually provides one-to-one high-bandwidth circuits. Data Center traffic is wide-spread Microsoft Data Center Network [ProjecToR, Sigcomm 16] How to design an optical fabric that supports high-bandwidth & widespread traffic? 3/29/17 SING-CSE-HKUST 3
4 Prior Works Prior works reuse wavelengths temporally to meet traffic demand 2010: C-Through, Helios 2012: OSA 2013: Mordia, ReacToR Dest BvN decomp Src Wavelength/Circuit assignments Traffic Demand Matrix Schedule 1 Schedule 2 Schedule 3 t1 t2 time 3/29/17 SING-CSE-HKUST 4
5 High Bisection Bandwidth + Wide-Spread Connectivity Prior works take several rounds to meet a wide-spread demand 2010: C-Through, Helios 2012: OSA 2013: Mordia, ReacToR Schedule 1 Schedule 2 Schedule 3 t1 t2 time MegaSwitch: Meet a wide-spread demand simultaneously using MegaSwitch Circuit 1 Circuit 2 Circuit 3 Parallel circuits time 3/29/17 SING-CSE-HKUST 5
6 MegaSwitch Data Plane Enabling Spatial Reuse of Wavelength Prototype implementation 3/29/17 SING-CSE-HKUST 6
7 Multiplexer 4x1 MUX MUX: k input wavelengths, 1 output fiber 3/29/17 SING-CSE-HKUST 7
8 Demultiplexer 1x4 DEMUX DEMUX: 1 input fiber, k output wavelengths 3/29/17 SING-CSE-HKUST 8
9 Wavelength Selective Switch Fiber 1 Fiber 2 Fiber 3 4x1 WSS Fiber 4 WSS: w input fibers, 1 output fiber Same set of wavelengths can be reused on different fibers. 3/29/17 SING-CSE-HKUST 9
10 Wavelength Selective Switch Fiber 1 Fiber 2 Fiber 3 4x1 WSS Fiber 4 WSS: w input fibers, 1 output fiber Same set of wavelengths can be reused on different fibers. 3/29/17 SING-CSE-HKUST 10
11 Sending Each ToR sends on its own fiber Send using k wavelengths ToR 1 ToR 2 ToR 3 3/29/17 SING-CSE-HKUST 11
12 Receiving Recv from w other nodes Select k wavelengths from w k wavelengths ToR 1 ToR 2 ToR 3 3/29/17 SING-CSE-HKUST 12
13 MegaSwitch: Full 3-Node Example Each ToR sends on its own fiber Recv from w other nodes Select k wavelengths from w k wavelengths Send using k wavelengths ToR 1 ToR 2 ToR 3 3/29/17 SING-CSE-HKUST 13
14 MegaSwitch: Scalability # nodes on ring Key parameters: w = 2, n = w+1 =3, k =4, Port Count = n x k WSS port count # wavelength on a fiber Each ToR sends on its own fiber With current technology, MegaSwitch can scale to n x k = 33 x 192 = 6336 Ports Recv from w other nodes Send using k wavelengths ToR 1 ToR 2 ToR 3 Select k wavelengths from w k wavelengths 3/29/17 SING-CSE-HKUST 14
15 Unicast from H 1 to H 12 1, Control plane select Blue as the wavelength for the unicast 3/29/17 SING-CSE-HKUST 15
16 Unicast from H 1 to H 12 1, Control plane select Blue as the wavelength for the unicast 2, Configure WSS in Node 3 to select Blue in Fiber from Node 1 3/29/17 SING-CSE-HKUST 16
17 Unicast from H 1 to H 12 1, Control plane select Blue as the wavelength for the unicast 2, Configure WSS in Node 3 to select Blue in Fiber from Node 1 3, Setup routing in both EPSes 3/29/17 SING-CSE-HKUST 17
18 Multicast from H 1 to H 5, H 6, H 7, and H 10 1, Control plane select Red as the wavelength for the multicast 2, Configure WSS in OWS 2 and OWS 3 to select Red in Fiber from OWS 1 3, Setup routing in both EPSes 3/29/17 SING-CSE-HKUST 18
19 MegaSwitch: Full 3-Node Example OWS+PRF box 3/29/17 OWS+PRF box SING-CSE-HKUST OWS+PRF box 19
20 Prototype Implementation Implemented OWS+PRF box for practical deployment. Implemented prototype with 40 10Gbps Ports 5 nodes (OWS-EPS) 8 wavelengths per node OWS+PRF box 3/29/17 SING-CSE-HKUST 20
21 High Port Count & Low Switching Latency cannot be achieved at the same time Lowest WSS switching latency reported: 11.5us [Mordia, Sigcomm 13] Digital Light Processing (DLP) technology. Cannot scale beyond 8 ports with 11.5us switching MegaSwitch need a large WSS port count to scale to more ports Liquid Crystal tech. is a middle-ground in terms of both port count (10~100s) and switching latency (milliseconds). Measured WSS switching latency: ~3ms Milliseconds switching latency is a hard limit for now. Optics community are working on it How to mitigate impact to short flows? 3/29/17 SING-CSE-HKUST 21
22 MegaSwitch Control Plane Basemesh for latency-sensitive applications 3/29/17 SING-CSE-HKUST 22
23 Basemesh Problem: when traffic matrix changes quickly when traffic matrix is estimated incorrectly Basemesh: a flexible overlay network on MegaSwitch to provide consistent connectivity for low latency traffic. Each node dedicates b wavelengths to construct an overlay network on fully connected fiber mesh. Dynamic Allocation Basemesh Connectivity k-b wavelengths b wavelengths 3/29/17 SING-CSE-HKUST 23
![Basemesh: Learning from DHT literature MegaSwitch uses Symphony [USITS 13] DHT topology for basemesh](/docs-images/77/75307854/images/24-3.jpg "construction.")
24 Basemesh: Learning from DHT literature MegaSwitch uses Symphony [USITS 13] DHT topology for basemesh construction. b ( routing table size ) is adjustable for varying degree of traffic volatility Guaranteed average latency ( average hop count per look-up ) Basemesh b=1 Avg Hops = 2.5 Basemesh b=3 Avg Hops = 1.4 Basemesh b=5, Avg Hops =1 Fully connected mesh network (w=5) Recommended for low latency apps 3/29/17 SING-CSE-HKUST 24
25 Evaluations Testbed benchmark Real application deployments 3/29/17 SING-CSE-HKUST 25
26 Prototype Evaluation Setting: 5 nodes (OWS-EPS pair) 8 wavelengths per node 8 servers per node Out-of-band control plane for EPS and OWS Traffic demand matrices are known 3/29/17 SING-CSE-HKUST 26
27 Basic measurements Host-level stride All-to-all pattern [Helios, Sigcomm 10] Every 10s, one wavelength changes per rack. Measured ~20ms total reconfiguration delay. WSS (~3ms), EPS routing (~5ms), transceiver initialization (~10ms) ~50Gbps MegaSwitch achieves full-bisection bandwidth when circuit is stable 3/29/17 SING-CSE-HKUST 27
28 Redis on MegaSwitch Latency-sensitive application 1 Million GET/SET requests from all nodes to a server in Node1 Microseconds Average Query Completion Time Number of Basemesh Wavelengths (b) Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Node 4 Node 5 Fully connected basemesh à Uniform latency (one-hop) 3/29/17 SING-CSE-HKUST 28
29 Apache Spark on MegaSwitch Parallel computing applications First connect the servers to a single ToR switch, and measure the bandwidth demand MegaSwitch updates wavelength assignment every 1 sec. <10 reconfigurations in run-time. Seconds Job Completion Time KMeans WordCount WikiPageRank Single ToR MegaSwitch (1s) MegaSwitch performs similar to the optimal scenario: all servers in the same rack 3/29/17 SING-CSE-HKUST 29
30 Summary Spatial reuse of wavelengths to provide non-blocking connectivity for all ports. Basemesh to provide consistent connectivity to latency-sensitive flows. Practical implementation of a 5-node ring of 40 ports. MegaSwitch: An optical design that supports wide-spread, high-bandwidth traffic patterns in today s production workloads. More in our paper: Fault-tolerance, delay measurements, power budget, cost 3/29/17 SING-CSE-HKUST 30
31 Got New Ideas for NSDI 18? Test them in APNet 17! The first Asia-Pacific Workshop on Networking Aug. 3-4, Kong A good venue to test your innovative ideas and get feedback from the community. Submit your 6-page paper on/before Apr. 21th, /29/17 SING-CSE-HKUST 31
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