Lambda Networks DWDM. Vara Varavithya Department of Electrical Engineering King Mongkut s Institute of Technology North Bangkok

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1 Lambda Networks DWDM Vara Varavithya Department of Electrical Engineering King Mongkut s Institute of Technology North Bangkok vara@kmitnb.ac.th

3 Treads in Communication Information: High Speed, Anywhere, Anytime, Everyone. Optical Networking Research has been conducted over the past 20 years. Optical WDM technology has been emerged in the marketplace.

4 Fiber-optic Technology Huge bandwidth-- 50Tbps Low material usage Low cost Low signal attenuation db/km Low Space requirements, and

5 Bandwidth Demand Single Computer-- PCI Express: 133MHz--64 bits with peak transfer of Gbps Electronic speed is limited to a few Gbps While Fiber has four orders of magnitude more in capacity (50Tbps)

6 Bandwidth Demand The demand is much higher than high speed ATM can offer. Newly adopt applications Voice Video Conferencing, Movie on Demand WWW, JAVA Applications

7 How to make use of fiber bandwidth? Code division multiplexing (CDM) Time division multiplexing (TDM) Both CDM and TDM are limited by electronic speed. Wave-length division multiplexing (WDM) current favorite multiplexing techniques

11 C band ( nm) L band ( nm) S band ( nm) Tbps has been demonstrated using this combination O band ( nm)

12 WDM End-user equipment needs to operate at the bit rate of a WDM Channel. The optical transmission spectrum is divided into a number of nonoverlapping wavelength. Multiplexing large numbers of wavelengths (lambdas) onto a single fiber Coarse Wave Division Multiplexing (CWDM) 20nm Dense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM) 1.6nm

13 From: Overview of Wideband Optical Fiber Amplification Technologies, Makoto Yamada

14 Erbium-Doped FiberAmplifer DWDM over long distances EDFA: enabling technology 120km between amplifier

15 WDM It is easier to create WDM device because it operate only at electronic speed. Now deploy mainly in backbone networks End user s aggregate activities can be used close to the peak electronic transmission rate. Each fiber can carry 100s of parallel wavelength

16 Point to Point WDM In some case, WDM is more economical than lay down more fiber. OC-n -- n * Mbps OC-48: 2.5 Gbps, OC-192: 10Gbps, OC-768: 40Gbps OC-768 is the next step of electronic communication speed

17 Point to Point WDM From WDM Optical Communication Networks: Progress and Challenges, B. Mukherjee

18 Point to Point WDM

20 Wave-length Add/Drop MUX the signal on the corresponding wavelength is dropped. a new data stream can be added. From WDM Optical Communication Networks: Progress and Challenges, B. Mukherjee

21 Fiber and wavelength Crossconnects Passive Star Broadcast Device, no power needed Passive Router Static Route, allow wavelength reuse, no power needed Active Switch Allow wavelength reuse Dynamic Route- Wide area network, electronic control, need power, less fault tolerant Wavelength Convertor

22 Passive Star From WDM Optical Communication Networks: Progress and Challenges, B. Mukherjee

23 Passive Router

24 Passive Star is used to build Local WDM Network Tunable Transmitters and Receivers Support Multicast Active Switch is for WAN Environment

25 Active Switch

26 Optical Switch Fabric 2D 3D

32 From WDM Optical Communication Networks: Progress and Challenges, B. Mukherjee Wavelength-Routed

33 Wavelength Route Each node has a set of transmitters and receivers, tunable Lightpath: All optical communication between two nodes. may span more than on fiber links Without wavelength-conversion: same wavelength channels

34 WDM Problems All optical lightpaths Circuit Switching Wavelength Allocation We target for all optical networks

35 Electro-Optical Networks Transport plane: Data plan, covey user information between location. Control plane: performs the call control and connection control functions Management Plane: performs management Functions From: Optical Networks--the electro-optic reality, Andrzej Jajszczyk

36 Interconnection Model Overlay: no routing information exchange between IP and Optical Pear Model: Using single control plan, common addressing schemes Augmented Model: Compromise between the overlay and the peer From: Optical Networks--the electro-optic reality, Andrzej Jajszczyk

37 IP over Fiber IP ATM IP IP SONET ATM SONET IP OPTICAL OPTICAL OPTICAL OPTICAL

38 Protocol Control Planes SONET Based IP Overlay Approach IP ATM IP ATM SONET IP Direct Lambda SONET WDM IP Physical Optic Layers

39 GROOMING Traffic Grooming: efficient multiplexing/ demultiplexing low-speed traffic streams onto/from high speed trunk Wavelength utilization Assign low rate circuit to wavelength

40 Optical Packet Switching Normally employ circuit switching Connections in switching nodes are set up by external control signal from management of control plane Not match with packet-oriented Traffic From: Optical Networks--the electro-optic reality, Andrzej Jajszczyk

41 Packet Switch in WDM Switching time require in order of nano second Can use an optical switch with electronic header processing Using fiber delay line From: Optical Networks--the electro-optic reality, Andrzej Jajszczyk

42 Case Study: OptIputer, Quatzite, and Starlight Projects Dedicate optical connections versus shared internet connection Begining of the use private 1 Gbps or 10 Gbps light pipe create deterministic network between laboratory Using Lambda connect Linux clusters

43 OptIPuter: create interactive visualization as easy as Web Quartzite: connects over 300 cluster nodes at UCSD, moving toward packet switching only... apart from optical-circuit-only Using packet switch that tightly coupled with MEM passive optical switch

44 Plug lab instrument of cluster to fiber uplink core Backbone carries multiple standby allocatable lambda in addition to the common shared Internet Target 100s of 10Gbps bisection bandwidth Now Quartzite core handle up to 32 ten- Gbps

45 Conclusions Overview of DWDM Key enabling technologies Next level of bandwidth Dedicate light path between end points Barebone optical networks

Name of Course : E1-E2 CFA. Chapter 15. Topic : DWDM

Name of Course : E1-E2 CFA. Chapter 15. Topic : DWDM Name of Course : E1-E2 CFA Chapter 15 Topic : DWDM Date of Creation : 28.03.2011 DWDM 1.0 Introduction The emergence of DWDM is one of the most recent and important phenomena in the development of fiber