Network Design and Optimization course
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1 Practical informations Network Design and Optimization course Lecture 1 Alberto Ceselli alberto.ceselli@unimi.it Dipartimento di Tecnologie dell Informazione Università degli Studi di Milano September 28th, 2011
2 Practical informations Teacher: Alberto Ceselli Course weekly schedule: Wednesday ( ) Friday ( ) Tutoring: TBA (anytime after the lectures, but also in other time slots: contact me by ) Homepage:
3 Practical informations Reference books: M. Pioro and D. Medhi, Routing, Flow and Capacity Deisign in Communication and Computer Networks; Morgan Kaufmann Eds. R.K. Ahuja, T.L. Magnanti, J.B. Orlin, Network Flows; Prentice Hall Eds. More detailed links during the course... Exam: development of a project (Model + Algorithm + Experimental analysis + Technical report) project discussion
4 Practical informations Reference books: M. Pioro and D. Medhi, Routing, Flow and Capacity Deisign in Communication and Computer Networks; Morgan Kaufmann Eds. R.K. Ahuja, T.L. Magnanti, J.B. Orlin, Network Flows; Prentice Hall Eds. More detailed links during the course... Exam: development of a project (Model + Algorithm + Experimental analysis + Technical report) project discussion Any question on practical issues?
5 From Morse... Practical informations Some steps in network routing and design... Samuel Morse ( ) professor of arts and design at New York University in 1835, proved that signals could be transmitted by wire...
6 ... to Bell... Practical informations Some steps in network routing and design... Alexander Graham Bell ( ), and Thomas Watson initially working on multi-tone telegraphy (many signals on the same line at the same time) multi-tone then became the telephone! patented during
7 ... to ARPANET... Practical informations Some steps in network routing and design... The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANet), J. C. R. Licklider, articulated the ideas in his January 1960 paper, Man-Computer Symbiosis, first operational packet switching network between computers... actually deployed in the first message LO(G) yielded a system crash!
8 ... to Ethernet... Practical informations Some steps in network routing and design... Ethernet was developed at Xerox PARC between 1973 and transmission rate of 10 Mbit/s, network of computers in 1986.
9 Practical informations... to the World Wide Web... Some steps in network routing and design... WWW: a system of interlinked hypertext documents Tim Berners-Lee wrote a proposal in March Robert Cailliau proposed in 1990 to use hypertexts...
10 Practical informations... to Google and FB. Some steps in network routing and design... Google (Larry Page and Sergey Brin in 1998): over 1 million servers, at least 12 data centers located only in the U.S.A.; internet search: about 24 PB of user data daily; cloud computing: managing and balancing distributed resources. Facebook (Mark Zuckerberg et al. in 2004): handling social networks of several hundred million users...
11 Practical informations What s the lesson to learn? Some steps in network routing and design... What s the lesson to learn?
12 Practical informations What s the lesson to learn? Some steps in network routing and design... A few observations: networks are pervasive; network problems moved from technologies to applications, and now to services; by network we mean far more than computers connected by cables; networks are in general too complex to be managed by humans without decision support systems.
13 Practical informations Routing for dummies Some examples Terminology and common ground Let s consider a flight metaphore... How to fly from Milan (Italy) to Torp (Norway)? Issues: travel times and costs, connection delays, flight capacities...
14 Practical informations Some examples Terminology and common ground An example of network design Design in urban transit networks... What s the best connection for a new urban ring? Issues: building costs, improvement in routing... A. Ceselli, DTI Univ. of Milan Network Design and Optimization course
15 Practical informations Robustness and resilience Some examples Terminology and common ground What happens if a link or a node of the networks fails? Which are the critical connections? Issues: budget, worsening in routing...
16 Common ground Practical informations Some examples Terminology and common ground Airlines Telecomm. NDO course airport computer node flight network connection link people moving (data) packets transfer traffic ways of reaching the airports access network whole airport connections core (or backbone) network seats on an airplane link bandwidth capacity travel time, lost luggage, communication time, quality of service delay, cost... packets lost, energy... wait at an airport for buffer and transmit store-and-forward next connection packets paradigm (i.e. packet switching)
17 Practical informations Appropriate questions Some examples Terminology and common ground Given a telecommunication network (structure and routing)... Can we find better routes? Where should we add more bandwidth? Where and when should we add more nodes / links in the network? What level of abstraction is appropriate for modeling a particular network, so that meaningful results can be obtained? How to design cost-effective networks? (mainly core/backbone...)
18 Course Objectives: Practical informations Course objectives In this course we ll try to learn: how to formally represent a network, how to model its behaviour using mathematical programming tools, how to formalize optimization problems (e.g. design, routing, protection...) on it, how to solve them by means of general purpose solvers and/or, how to devise suitable ad-hoc algorithms, how to provide quantitative performance analyses of networks. In this course we do not cover: technological equipment issues.
19 Course spirit : Practical informations Course objectives How? With a problem-solving driven attitude... description of a practical network problem, mathematical modeling, study and implementation of solution algorithms, computational tests.
20 Practical informations What background is needed? Course objectives Some coding skills (but no bit-slicing skills needed!), Algorithms and data structures, Operations research basics, (Design and analysis of algorithms).
21 Practical informations Course objectives What programming languages will be covered Goal: learn how to solve network optimization problems code efficiency is not the main issue; flexibility and possibility of understanding by testing is more important; AMPL (or its MathProg dialect).
22 Course Program Practical informations Course objectives Part I: basic optimization problems on networks routing: shortest paths, max flow, min cost flow; design: minimum spanning trees and forests, min cut; partially covered also by the Operations Research: complements course.
23 Course Program Practical informations Course objectives Part II: advanced optimization problems on networks routing: multicommodity flows, generalized flows; design: hub location (medians, centers...), Steiner trees, multi-layer networks; resource allocation: generalized and quadratic assignment.
24 Course Program Practical informations Course objectives Part III: protection and reliability protection againts link failures; protection againts node failures.
25 Course Program Practical informations Course objectives Methodologies: dynamic programming; linear programming and integer rounding; lagrangean relaxations and heuristics; local search; approximation methods.
26 Course Program Practical informations Course objectives Questions????
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