Test Tools for InfiniBand. From Physical Layer to System Integration. Bundle promotion! See page 12 TRADE ASSOCIATION

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1 Test Tools for InfiniBand From Physical Layer to System Integration Bundle promotion! See page 12 TRADE ASSOCIATION

2 Moving to the High Speeds of InfiniBand The explosion of the Internet and the resulting need to move huge amounts of data instantly have placed a considerable strain on existing server technologies. The Information Technology (IT) industry has struggled to keep up with a continuing demand to decrease cost, increase performance, and provide continuous availability. The InfiniBand interconnect technology uses a channel-based, switched-fabric, point-to-point architecture to deliver new levels of scaleability, availability, and performance. Scalability is delivered in part by its switched network interconnect, its automatic reconfiguration of the network upon addition or removal of devices, and its use of virtual channels rather than hardwired links to connect servers to other devices. Availability is a product of reliability, fault tolerance, and serviceability. InfiniBand technology utilizes point-to-point interconnects, allows for redundant paths between devices with subsequent failover capability, and includes improved error detection and correction. It also allows hot-swapping devices with automatic network reconfiguration. Improved performance is another cornerstone of InfiniBand. Data is transferred between InfiniBand fabric elements on links of copper or optical fiber. The effective sustained data rates are 500 MB/s (1x), 2 GB/s (4x), and 6 GB/s (12x). Beyond the raw data transfer rates, system-level performance is improved by the concept of intelligent channels, with computing intelligence distributed into the I/O system to off-load the task of controlling I/O from processors. InfiniBand certainly presents considerable opportunities for new high-speed products, but it also presents you with a significant learning curve when tasked with developing these products. The data transfer rates are enough to test your engineering abilities. Add to that the complex protocol, hot-swapping ability, automatic network reconfiguration, and distributed computing intelligence, and you have a real challenge ahead. But you won t have to meet this challenge alone. Agilent Technologies is committed to providing the InfiniBand test solutions you need. Agilent is a member of the InfiniBand Trade Association and will be there with the required tools to get the job done even in the face of evolving standards. In addition, Agilent offers extensive training in both InfiniBand design technology basics, and high-frequency test and system verification. From verifying the signal integrity of the physical layer to checking the BER (Bit Error Rate) to analyzing InfiniBand traffic to stepping through the InfiniBand protocol, Agilent can provide the required tools. Moving into the InfiniBand realm will present challenges, but Agilent will be at your side all the way. Figure 1. It is expected that data centers will adopt this high-speed data transfer technology to cluster servers and storage devices. 2

3 Higher level protocol Application & Management software verification Establish and tear down connections Handle error conditions Transport Packed validation Packets in sequence, end-to-end flow control, QPs Transport time (latencies) Network Test logistical switching Switching inputs to outputs according to switch table Handling of load conditions Port Link Level Verify point to point connection between two nodes Implementation of buffers, virtual lanes, data paths Variant CRC checks (goes to the 8bit level) Link training, link-level flow control E2950 Series E2951A protocol analyzer for InfiniBand 1x E2952A protocol analyzer for InfiniBand 4x E2953A traffic generator for InfiniBand 1x E2954A exerciser for InfiniBand 4x E2955A InfiniBand 4x Bundle Option 100 Compliance Test Software for E2953A and E2954A Series Logic Analysis System N4206A software tool N4217A logic analysis probe N4216A 4:1 converter box 81134A Pulse/Pattern Generator Port Physical Verify the 2.5 Gbit design Signal integrity (measure eye opening, BER, jitter, etc.) board design and component characterization Ensure proper 50-Ω strip line design, board layout, connectors, cables, etc. (TDR measurements) Symbol encoding, running disparity, control symbols and ordered sets, lane-to-lane skew, elastic FIFOs 86100B Infiniium DCA with TDR ParBERT 86130A BitAlyzer N1947A, 48A, 51A Physical Layer Test System (VNA) InfiniBand Components HCA - Host Channel Adapter TCA - Target Channel Adapter Figure 2. The complexity of the InfiniBand technology requires many different tools at various stages within an implementation. This diagram shows a typical InfiniBand system and where each type of instrument is used. Test Instruments OSC - Oscilloscope/TDR PLTS (VNA) - Physical Layer Test System PG - Pulse Generator PB - ParBERT SB - Serial BERT LA - Logic Analyzer PA - Protocol Analyzer/ Traffic Generator BE - Bus Exerciser/ Analyzer (PCI-X) 3

4 Physical Layer Characterization Signal integrity is no longer something to be looked at just once at the beginning of a project when laying out the device or board. Everyone must be aware of signal integrity and evaluate it throughout the project, and must have the proper tools to accomplish this sometimes daunting task. The challenging high-speed digital designs of today s data rates require careful use of a wide variety of engineering tools. It is important for designers to learn these new tools effectively to avoid multiple re-design efforts. The breadth of tools available from Agilent Technologies enables signal integrity evaluation throughout the entire design process. After all of the simulations and verifications of your product in virtual form, you eventually get to work with real hardware. The first step in testing any product with such high data rates is to verify the integrity of the physical layer. Great care must be taken to ensure that the physical layer is laid out properly in order to minimize reflections, crosstalk, and other noise sources. When the components are first installed, you can use pulse generators to test your system with live signals. High-speed scopes and active probes enable you to see what is going on. Once the system is running, you can monitor the signal integrity of hundreds of channels simultaneously with a logic analyzer and new eye diagram feature, eye scan. When the system is running, you can use eye diagrams to further validate the quality of individual signals with a scope. Bit error ratio testers (BERTs) can also be used to ensure that errors are within the required range. Finally, when all of the signals have been checked, the entire system can be tested with Agilent's protocol analyzers and bus exercisers. You can stress your design with very specific and controllable worst-case scenarios to give you the confidence that your system is ready to ship. Design Simulation Device and Board System Link to Model Database Devices & Interconnect Characterization Prototype Characterization Bring-Up Test System Integration & Functional Validation External Stimulus Live Signals Device Characterization & Modeling Services Serial/Parallel BERT 81133/34A Pulse Generator ADS SPICE/IBIS IConnect 86100B with TDR Physical Layer System (VNA) 16760A with Eye Scan Series Logic Analysis Systems 86100B DCA (Probes) High-Bandwidth Real-Time Scope Protocol Analyzer Single-Ended/Differential Probes for Real-Time Scope Figure 3. Agilent Technologies helps you address signal integrity issues throughout the entire design process. 4

5 TDR (time domain reflectometry) is ideal for checking the signal integrity of printed circuit boards, cables, and connectors. It requires a high-speed digitizing oscilloscope with a built-in step generator capable of launching a fast edge into a signal path. Monitoring the reflected wave from various impedance discontinuities encountered along the signal path allows you to determine whether or not the signal path adds excessive noise to the signal. Even the most precise printed circuit board layouts can result in impedance discontinuities severe enough to render a signal path useless. For InfiniBand optical-layer testing, Agilent offers the 86101A optical plug-in module for component testing at the 850 nanometer center wavelength. InfiniBand transceiver modulation characteristics can be improved by measuring and optimizing key performance parameters such as extinction ratio, jitter, average power, and duty cycle distortion. The 3 GHz of unfiltered bandwidth gives superior measurement capability for InfiniBand applications. The Agilent 86100B Infiniium DCA (digital communications analyzer) with TDR enables design and analysis of the InfiniBand physical layer by accurately characterizing electrical components, including backplanes, cables and connectors. The 86100B is a wide-bandwidth oscilloscope with the following plug-in modules that support testing of InfiniBand components: Figure 4. Physical layer probing with the N1020A TDR probe and positioning arm A differential TDR 86112A dual 20 GHz electrical plug-in module 83484A dual 50 GHz electrical plug-in module 86101A optical plug-in module Also available is third-party software from TDA Systems that accurately characterizes lossy, dispersive transmission lines using the 86100B s TDR/TDT measurements. For information on this product, send an to webmaster@tdasystems.com Figure 5. TDR measurements on the 86100B Infiniium DCA (digital communications analyzer). 5

6 Physical Layer Characterization (continued) Instead of tracking down the cause of signal integrity problems after the hardware is created, consider addressing signal integrity issues during the simulation of what you will create. With accurate models, you can solve many signal integrity problems before they actually exist. To create accurate models, you must accurately characterize your devices and interconnects. You can modify existing models or use supplied libraries, but the most accurate method for creating models is to measure actual devices. The Agilent N1947A, N1948A and N1951A physical-layer test systems provide an accurate and comprehensive physical-layer characterization of high-speed interconnects and components. Characterizing interconnects and components of high-speed systems has become increasingly challenging. Engineers working with microwave applications have addressed similar issues by using a systematic approach, based in the frequency domain. This same technology based on a VNA (vector network analyzer) is now being applied to high-speed signal integrity problems, resulting in increased measurement accuracy. The accuracy of the measurements is enhanced with the ability to fully remove the effects of the test fixtures. Additionally, the measurements are comprehensive. With a one-time connection, all of the forward and reverse transmission and reflection terms are measured. Once the measurement is complete, analysis can be performed in single-ended-, differential-, common-, and mixed-modes. Switching between frequency and time domains, eye diagrams, and transmission line parameters (RLCG) is as easy as a mouse-click. Figure 6. Gather accurate measurements for model extractions and comprehensive physical-layer characterizations with the Agilent N1947A, N1948A and N1951A. 6

7 Figure 7. The Agilent 81134A pulse/pattern generator enables the precise characterization of devices and minimizes the influence of jitter injection by the source. While bringing a system up, it is often necessary to stimulate a portion of the system before the entire system is running. A pulse/pattern generator can provide the stimulus signals used by a scope to make eye diagrams. The generator must also allow you to stress the system by adding controllable jitter to the stimulus signal. The 81134A pulse/pattern generator is a high-performance and easy-to-use pulse and data-pattern source for characterizing the physical layer as well as verifying and validating high-speed clock systems. The graphical user interface enables you to easily set up very complex signals. From generating PRBS to adding jitter to your clock or data, the 81134A gives you the required signals. The fast rise times, low jitter, and full parameter flexibility provide just the signal you need, especially in high-speed systems where timing is critical. Performance can be evaluated with eye-diagram measurements with PRBS from to The delay control input allows you to add jitter to the clock or data signals. The eye can be distorted with the variable crossover function. Other features include LVDS levels and a remote graphical user interface and SCPI commands for remote handling and programming. For more specific information about signal integrity solutions, log onto 7

8 Digital Data Transfer Performance Once the signal integrity of the physical layer is validated, you must test the InfiniBand channel with full-speed digital data. This is commonly accomplished by creating test data, running it through the channel, and then comparing the data received with the data transmitted. Your goal is to verify that the design has an acceptable Bit Error Rate. If the BER is not acceptable, you must be able to find the source of the problem quickly. Another test goal is to stress the InfiniBand implementation to determine its limits of operation, ensuring that your design is well within the parameters of the specification. Key testing capabilities are to vary signal parameter levels or data contents for margin test; to accurately move pulse edge positions in time relative to pulses on other, parallel, bus lines; and to stress devices until the limits of performance are established. New measurement software offers deeper analysis capabilities for R&D engineers characterizing devices. Fast pass/fail measurements are available for engineers in manufacturing. The ParBERT is a parallel BERT, an instrument that is currently unique in the marketplace. It is able to stimulate and analyze multiple InfiniBand bus lines with standard test patterns (PRBS and PRWS pseudo random word sequence), user-defined custom patterns, and a mix of PRBS and custom data. For SerDes (serializer/de-serializer) devices, it is particularly useful to be able to generate data on a number of lower-speed parallel lines and detect the fidelity of the multiplexing process on the high-speed serial side of the device. Likewise, the can be used to stimulate the serial side of the SerDes device and analyze the lower-speed parallel lines. The ParBERT can be used to test 1x InfiniBand serializer and deserializer devices, 4x InfiniBand and 12x InfiniBand serializers. Figure 8. View the BER results of several ports with ParBERT Figure 9. The ParBERT stimulates and analyzes multiple InfiniBand bus links. 8

9 The ParBERT is a modular solution for simultaneously testing multiple channels at data rates up to 10.8 Gb/s. ParBERT thoroughly characterizes your device by going beyond BER measurements, providing test features such as propagation delay and setup and hold times. The system generates PRBS/PRWS up to The 86130A BitAlyzer is a serial BERT that is particularly suitable for stimulating and measuring the BER performance of individual channels in an InfiniBand optical link, up to 3.6 Gb/s. Besides superior waveform performance that stimulates the device under test fully, the instrument also has advanced error analysis capabilities that allow complete and accurate characterization of errors in ways that have not been widely available before. The 86130A s error analysis feature quickly reveals the underlying causes behind errors. Combined with a user interface that is quick and easy to learn, and in-depth help similar to the 86100B Infiniium DCA, these capabilities will make InfiniBand development cycles shorter. By reducing time to discovery, design problems can be eliminated earlier and more easily. Figure 11. The 86130A BitAlyzer stimulates and measures the BER performance of individual channels in an InfiniBand optical link. Figure 10. Error analysis on the 86130A an underlying repetition is revealed that is contributing to the error performance of the test device. 9

10 Protocol Analysis and Exercising Once your InfiniBand nodes are up and running, you can begin validation of the InfiniBand fabric itself. An isolated high-level view of the InfiniBand bus allows you to focus on protocol and performance-related issues. It is critically important to exercise the InfiniBand system with worst-case traffic conditions in a repeatable and controllable fashion. By generating repeatable traffic, you can change the system parameters to verify operation, and upon encountering a problem, repeatedly force the error until a solution is found. By representing data in a hierarchical way, automatically pointing to protocol errors and data mismatch, and stimulating the system with test data, the Agilent E2950 Series speeds system validation. Agilent s E2950 Series Solution The E2950 Series decodes bus information into InfiniBand-specific code, and can generate worst-case InfiniBand traffic conditions. To aid troubleshooting, the E2950 Series provides real-time triggering on events, the header, and parts of the payload. It performs counting and sequencing, protocol error detecting, and data filtering. Figure 12. The E2951A protocol analyzer s graphical interface lets you easily deal with all levels of the InfiniBand protocol. Comprehensive error-detection features sense and alert you to protocol violations at all protocol levels, from 8b/10b and disparity errors on the physical layer to out-of-sequence packets. An interactive graphical user interface running in the familiar Windows environment allows you to easily deal with all levels of the InfiniBand protocol. In addition, a C-Application Programming Interface (C-API) offers a convenient R&D debugging tool and the foundation for structured and automated testing. Finding the Right Instruments for Your InfiniBand 1x or 4x Application The E2950 Series has its consistent look and feel, and allows you to expand your test environment as the InfiniBand technology and standard evolve. The E2951A protocol analyzer for InfiniBand 1x and the E2952A protocol analyzer for InfiniBand 4x are standalone instruments that analyze the physical and protocol levels, provide time analysis and real-time performance analysis, and verify efficiency. The analyzers are preconfigured with either one 2.5 Gb/s (for 1x) or four 2.5 Gb/s InfiniBand front-end modules (for 4x). The front-end module does not influence the physical protocol behavior of the observed InfiniBand link. These analyzers have up to 512 MB or 2 GB of memory and a packet time-stamp resolution of 8 ns. They can analyze dual-simplex packets and count skip-ordered sets. Their extensive triggering capabilities include InfiniBand header bits, bits of data payload, real-time errors, link-training sequences, and message-level or packet sequences. 10

11 The E2951A s/e2952a s GUI depicts data hierarchically regardless of whether a data representation on a higher message level or individual bit level is needed. Timing information is presented as an absolute time stamp, as a time delta between time stamps, or as idle time between packets. You can also collapse or expand packet fields, and define their format and bit ordering. The E2953A traffic generator and the E2954A exerciser deliver a controlled stimulus of InfiniBand traffic to test compliance, corner cases, stress and error scenarios. The tools create predictable InfiniBand test traffic in a fully controllable way, as well as generating sequences of arbitrary InfiniBand packets that the user can program via a C++ or TCL script interface. It can monitor incoming traffic, participate in link training, transmit idle data and skip-ordered sets, generate sequences of arbitrary packets, perform packet framing, and respond to incoming packets under software control. The E2953A/E2954A let you generate various InfiniBand test scenarios so you can validate your designs and ensure compliance with standards. An optional InfiniBand Compliance Test Suite (option #100) is also available. The option contains pre-written InfiniBand compliance tests you can execute by simply clicking Run. The E2950 Series include an integrated power supply, USB (universal serial bus) connector to interface to the controlling PC, indicators, trigger I/O connectors, Figure 13. The E2952A protocol analyzer for InfiniBand 4X. Server Host channel adapter Universal serial bus Switch Switch E2951A RAID Target channel adapter Figure 14. Typical application for protocol analyzer. and a 1x or 4x InfiniBand interface. These InfiniBand tools are the ideal combination for designing, debugging and validating your InfiniBand products. For example, you can use them to validate an HCA (host channel adapter) and server. The two instruments allow you to stress the server from the I/O side, monitor system performance, and test with worst-case scenarios in a fully predictable and controllable way. Generator and analyzer for critical test traffic One additional generator/port to generate background load Universal serial bus E2951A E2953A E2953A E2953A E2953A Figure 15. Typical application for traffic generator. Four-port switch Bundle Promotions Offer Discounts for E2950 Series Get a 20% discount on InfiniBand 1x products when you buy both an E2951A protocol analyzer and an E2953A traffic generator/exerciser. Get a 25% discount on Infiniband 4x products (E2952A protocol analyzer and E2954A exerciser) when you buy the E2955A bundle. In the USA call ext or call your Agilent sales representative and ask for the 1x bundle or the E2955A InfiniBand 4x bundle. For more information, log onto this website: 11

12 System-Level Testing After establishing that your InfiniBand link meets the required BER, you can then validate both the InfiniBand device (HCA, TCA, switch, etc.) and the system that incorporates the device. The N4217A logic analysis probe captures InfiniBand traffic and, in combination with the Series logic analysis system, provides triggering, cross-correlation, and detailed measurements for complete InfiniBand system hardware and software debugging. The probe connects to a copper 4x InfiniBand cable, allowing the Series to trace and trigger on InfiniBand traffic from the physical 10b level, through 8b logical, and on to high-level InfiniBand protocol-based measurements. 4x copper cables connect directly to the N4217A analyzer probe. Additional SFP connectors allow the use of SFP copper or optical 1x modules. You can define the logic analyzer triggers in terms of the InfiniBand packet protocol, and view measurement results as decoded InfiniBand packets. You do not have to become an InfiniBand protocol expert to trigger the logic analyzer or interpret the results. The flexibility of the Series allows you to combine triggering of high-level InfiniBand events with other logic analyzer-measured events. This allows you to trigger and analyze data from different sources and quickly narrow your search for a problem. All of this can be done in real time with full system loads so you can realistically exercise the system and be sure that your design works properly. Beyond validating the InfiniBand channel, you can extend the modular Series to acquire time-correlated data from other parts of the system. Additional probes are available for measuring other system buses such as Rambus, SDRAM and DDR memories, PCI, and PCI-X. Powerful microprocessor analysis probes and inverse-assembly software provide visibility into the software running on an HCA or TCA. The modular nature of the Series logic analysis system gives you the flexibility to measure a handful of signals for an isolated problem, or to measure thousands of signals to locate a problem that spans many domains. For validation of 1x, 4x and 12x InfiniBand channels, the N4206A protocol analysis tool for InfiniBand (used with the Series logic analysis system) reads the 10b data stream for each byte lane and produces decoded InfiniBand packets. To capture the 10b data, Mictor or Samtec connectors are used to probe the 10b data going between the SerDes (serializer/de-serializer) device and the InfiniBand controller chip (such as HCA, TCA, or switch) for each byte lane. Figure 16. The 16702B logic analysis system with touch screen. Figure 17. Packet Decode. 12 Figure 18. The N4217A trigger menu.

13 Related Literature Publication Title Publication Type Publication Number Signal Integrity Solutions Color Brochure EN Agilent Infiniium DCA Oscilloscope Color Brochure E Agilent 86100B Wide-Bandwidth Oscilloscope Technical Specifications EN Should a Bit Error Ratio measurement be Color Brochure E hard to make? Agilent BitAlyzer Error Technical Specifications E Performance Analyzer Need to test BER? Complete solutions for Color Brochure E high speed digital transmission testing Agilent ParBERT Parallel Bit Product Overview E Error Ratio Tester Agilent E2950 Series for InfiniBand Product Overview EN Agilent Technologies Series Logic Analysis System Product Overview E Agilent Physical-Layer Test Systems Product Overview EN VNA-Based System Tests the Physical Layer Application Note EN 81133A and 81134A 3.3 GHz Pulse/Pattern Generators Data Sheet EN InfiniBand System-Level Debugging Application Note EN Choosing the Right Signal Integrity Tools for InfiniBand Measurements White Paper EN Passively Probing an InfiniBand System with an Agilent Technologies Series Logic Analysis System Product Note EN 8 Hints for Debugging and Validating High-Speed Buses Application Note EN Instrument Connectivity Made Easy Color Brochure EN 13

14 Key Features and Specifications 86100B Infiniium DCA with TDR 50 GHz bandwidth 62.5 femtosecond time interval resolution 1.7 picosecond RMS jitter 200 mvp-p sensitivity 300 MHz microprocessor running Windows 98 TDR Probe for InfiniBand 1x 5 GHz bandwidth calibration terminations compatible with the 86100A A Differential TDR Module 2 channels (single-ended or differential) 12 GHz (TDR); 18-GHz (electrical) bandwidth 35 picosecond nominal TDR step rise time + 5%, 3% 1 ns from edge TDR step flatness ±0.4% of full scale dc accuracy 86101A Optical Module 2 (1 electrical and 1 optical) channels 12.4/20 GHz electrical; 3 GHz optical bandwidth 750 to 860 nanometer wavelength 2 or 3 switchable filters 17 dbm mask test sensitivity Physical Layer Test Systems 2 differential channels or 4 single-ended Powerful analysis tools: time domain analysis (TDR/TDT), frequency domain analysis, eye diagrams, and RLCG transmission-line parameter extraction N1947A/N1948A 300 khz to 9 GHz 80 ps rise time Greater than 100 db dynamic range N1951A 50 MHz to 20 GHz 35 ps rise time Greater than 75 db dynamic range 81134A Pulse Generator Pulses, data patterns and PRBS data from 15 MHz to 3.35 GHz Fast rise time <50 ps, low jitter < 2 ps RMS PRBS from to Jitter generation up to 500 ps on the clock or data signals 1 or 2 output channels LVDS levels can be addressed with output levels from 50 mv to 2.00 V User defined data patterns can be created Graphical user interface Remote programming via GPIB, LAN and USB ParBERT Bit-rate coverage up to 10.8 Gb/s Parallel input and output channels Modular design Generation of PRBS/PRWS up to A BitAlyzer 50 Mb/s to 3.6 Gb/s bit-rate coverage Advanced error analysis Excellent waveform Up to 10 nm clock/data delay Compatible with the Agilent 71501C jitter analyzer 14

15 E2951A/E2952A Protocol Analyzer for InfiniBand 1x and 4x Preconfigured with either one or four 2.5 Gb/s InfiniBand front-end modules Analysis of dual-simplex packets Up to 512 MB of memory Packet time stamp with 8 ns resolution Triggering on 0, 1, X pattern, Op Codes, Q-Pairs, etc. Real-time error triggering on ICRC, VCRC, skip-ordered set error, CRC error, running disparity error, alignment errors, end of bad packet code, and invalid 10b code Triggering on link-training sequences Message-level or packet-sequence triggering Timing information represented as absolute time stamp, time delta between time stamps, or idle time between packets Interactive graphical user interface with trigger-, storage, filter- and search capabilities MAD (management datagram) decoding Real-time performance analysis Adjustable trace memory depth of 512 MB(1X) and 2 Gbytes(4X) Record of skip-ordered sets Ability to view packet level, operation level, 10-bit coders or as decoded Management Datagrams (MADs) E2953A/E2954A Traffic Generator/Exerciser for InfiniBand 1x and 4x Monitoring of incoming traffic Participation in link training Transmission of idle data and skip-ordered sets 8 MB traffic-generator memory Automatic CRC calculation and packet framing 8b/10b coding Response to incoming packets with software control Error location for ICRC, VCRC, invalid headers, packet framing, disparity, 8b/10b Generates and receives arbitrary InfiniBand packets C++ & TCL scripting language Graphical user interface Automatically responds to incoming packets in real time Programmable inter-packet delay Tests error recovery circuits Maximum bandwidth data source or data sink Switch packet latency analysis Record and replay 2 Mbytes transmit and 2 Mbytes receive trace memory Optional compliance test software External triggering/synchronization Real-time performance counters N4217A Logic Analysis Probe for InfiniBand 1x or 4x Capturing and triggering on InfiniBand 1x or 4x traffic at 2.5 Gb/s (all fields in the InfiniBand protocol up to the transport layer are supported in the trigger macro) Viewing of InfiniBand protocol (the N4217A performs lane-to-lane link de-skew and displays packet data striped across four lanes) Loss-of-signal information provided by LEDs Detection of 8b/10b coding, disparity, framing, and control-symbol errors Filters allow different views of the data (filtering on idles and payload data) All packets or cells time-stamped in the logic analyzer for time-correlation with other system buses InfiniBand Connections Connection to 4x copper cables. Additional SFP connectors allow the use of SFP copper or optical 1x modules N4206A Protocol Analysis Tool for InfiniBand 1x, 4x, and 12x Decoding of InfiniBand protocol from captured 10b data for InfiniBand 1x, 4x, and 12x links Detection of disparity, VCRC, and ICR errors Display of byte lane skew amounts for InfiniBand 4x and 12x links Filter protocol display of idle symbols, data, link packets, control symbols, and packet payloads N4216A 4:1 Converter Box for InfiniBand 2 each 4x copper connectors convert to 4 each 1x copper connectors 15

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