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1 Fathur AB Afif A Hari A Gary A Dhika AB April AB Mulya AB Yusuf AB Anin A Rizka B Dion AB Siska AB Mirel AB Hani AB Airita AB

2 Public Switch Telephone Network The Access Course Number : TTH2A3 CLO : 1 Week : 2

3 How do we connect telephone? One to One One to Two

4 How do we connect telephone? Two to Two

5 How do we connect telephone?

6 How many copper cable needed for each line? Basically, only 2: TD (Transmit Data) RD (Receive Data)

7 PSTN (Public Switch Telephone Network) PSTN consists of groups of local networks, connected by long distance network Main element of local network is customer premises equipment (CPE), copper cable that connect customer (subscriber) to local switch through main distribution frame (MDF).

8 What are main characteristics of PSTN? Analog, able to transfer Hz or 64 kbps circuit-switched = with handshaking + dedicated path Fixed station, limited mobility Foundation of all telecommunication standard easy integration with ISDN, PLMN, PDN

9 Three main networks in PSTN 1. Backbone network core network, connects all local exchange (switching unit within local network) 2. Access Network connect subscriber to local exchange Four types of access network: Access Network with Copper Access Network with Radio Access Network with Fiber Optic Access Network with Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC) 3. Interconnection Network special backbone network, connect other licensed operator

10 Three main networks in PSTN 1. Backbone / Core network 2. Access Network / Local Loop 3. Interconnection Network Other Licensed Operator Access Network Interconnection Network Local Network Local Network Local Exchange Core Network Backbone Network

11 Topology

12 Core Network Other Licensed Operator Interconnection Network Core Network Backbone Network

13 Local Exchange Basic functionalities: Connects two subscribers through switching mechanism Provides signaling for synchronization Provides subscriber ID (numbering) Distribution Point Street Cabinet Local Network Local Exchange Secondary Cable Primary Cable Direct Feeder

14 Direct Feeder When to Use? In area where subscribers are located nearby the Local Exchange In area with small number of subscriber Connecting VIP Benefit: Lower cost (no street cabinet) Easier cable management Loss: Not Flexible (for rerouting) Tougher to locate fault

15 Street Cabinet

16 Distribution Point 10 pairs DP 20 pairs DP

17 Fiber Optic for Transmission As a replacement for primary cable As a replacement to reach subscriber FTTx: FTTP (Premises): Home, Building, Desktop, Office, Zone FTTdp (Distribution Point) FTTN (Node) FTTC (Cabinet) Distribution Point Street Cabinet Secondary Cable Primary Cable

18 Radio for Transmission Single Channel LOCAL EXCHANGE BASE STATION SUBCRIBER RADIO TERMINALTelephone RADIO TOWER (ANTENNA) Telephone Multi Channel LOCAL EXCHANGE BASE STATION BASE STATION RADIO TOWER (ANTENNA) RADIO TOWER (ANTENNA) Telephone Telephone Telephone LOCAL EXCHANGE BASE STATION SUBCRIBER RADIO TERMINAL Multi Access RADIO TOWER (ANTENNA) Telephone Telephone REPEATER Telephone

19 Comparison between Copper Fiber Radio Copper Fiber Optic Radio Speed Fastest Slowest Cost Highest Lowest Distance Nearest Farthest MTTF* Shortest Longest MTTR** Shortest Longest MTTI*** Longest Shortest Quality (S/N)**** Best Worst *MTTF = Mean Time To Failure (Longest = good) **MTTR = Mean Time To Recovery (Shortest = good) ***MTTI = Mean Time To Install (Shortest = good) ****S/N = Signal to Noise Ratio

20 See you on next class

Fathur AB Afif A Hari A Gary A Dhika AB April AB Mulya AB Yusuf AB Anin A Rizka B Dion AB Siska AB Mirel AB Hani AB Airita AB PSTN Extended Transmission Media Course Number : TTH2A3 CLO : 1 Week : 2 extended

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