PSTN, NGA and cable access networks compared: a technical perspective
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1 FACULTE D INFORMATIQUE 1/20 PSTN, NGA and cable access networks compared: a technical perspective L. Schumacher (FUNDP The University of Namur) CLEC Seminar, September 30 th, 2010
2 FACULTE D INFORMATIQUE 2/20 Warning! This presentation is meant to be technical Hopefully not too boring Fun stuff (laws, regulations, etc) comes next
3 FACULTE D INFORMATIQUE 3/20 How to deliver broadband? Core networks currently over-provisioned Where is the bottleneck? Access network a.k.a. last mile Upgrade legacy access or deploy new access? Mbps on legacy access? No big deal PSTN = ADSL2+, VDSL2 CATV = DOCSIS 3.0 Beyond 100 Mbps? Not realistic Inherent limits of electric wires Fiber the most efficient way forward today FTTx deployment scenarios
4 FACULTE D INFORMATIQUE 4/20 Legacy PSTN Originally circuitswitched architecture One dedicated copper wire per subscriber Voice (circuit) and data (packet) split at LEX/CO
5 FACULTE D INFORMATIQUE 5/20 Legacy Higher modulations 4 QAM log 2 (2) = 2 bits/transmission 16 QAM log 2 (16) = 4 bits/transmission 64 QAM log 2 (64) = 6 bits/transmission The higher the modulation The higher the bit rate The more sensitive to attenuation and noise
6 FACULTE D INFORMATIQUE 6/20 Legacy 100 Mbps over PSTN/ISDN 256 QAM 8 bits/symbol xdsl MAX download [Mbps] MAX upload [Mbps] MAX range [km] ADSL ADSL ADSL VDSL Source: Cisco At least ADSL2+ required for IPTV HD (min 8 Mbps) within 1 km from LEX/CO
7 FACULTE D INFORMATIQUE 7/20 Legacy CATV Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC) Fiber in the Core Adapted access network (bidirectional amplis) Shared infrastructure (originally broadcast) Source: Wikipedia EN
8 FACULTE D INFORMATIQUE 8/20 Legacy 100 Mbps over CATV Source: John Bartell, DOCSIS 3.0 Tutorial, DOCSIS 3.0 Dynamic channel bonding enables m x 50 Mbps downstream goodput More bandwidth available thanks to decommissionning of analog TV channels Still a shared infrastructure: bonding means sharing New modems but same HFC network
9 FACULTE D INFORMATIQUE 9/20 Legacy Pro's and Con's Pro's Limited CapEx thanks to recycled infrastructure Con's Not a full IP network Optical fiber is better medium Immune to electro-magnetic noise Low attenuation:.3 db/km (50% after 10 km) vs 20 db/km in copper wire (50% after 150 m) Enable fully passive networks
10 FACULTE D INFORMATIQUE 10/20 Full IP network IP ATM Phy Source:
11 VDSL2 FACULTE D INFORMATIQUE 11/20 Coming through FTTx for NGA Central Office Feeder Cabinet Distribution Building ( m) ( m) Fibre Loop Copper Loop Access FTTE ADSL2+ Up to 20 Mbps FTTE: Fiber To The Exchange Metro BackBone Copper CO FTTCab FTTCab ONU VDSL2 17MHz Up to 50 Mbps FTTCab: Fiber To The Cabinet POP Cabinet FTTH FTTB FTTB VDSL2 30MHz Up to 100 Mbps FTTH: Fiber To The Home FTTB: Fiber To The Building FTTH Up to 1.0 Gbps Source: Alfonso Mariconda, Telecom Italia domestic NGN2: First deployment experience and current plan,
12 FACULTE D INFORMATIQUE 12/20 A model for the infrastructure Core / backhaul network PSTN: Local Exchange (LEX) / Central Office (CO) Optical Distribution frame (ODF) HFC: Hub PSTN: Street Cabinet (SC) HFC: optical node Concentration point (optional) Enables access to a subgroup of subscribers Subscriber
13 FACULTE D INFORMATIQUE 13/20 Full-mesh Tier 1 ISP Inter exchange ISP A ISP B ISP C Every end-user has a dedicated physical link to every operator Not scalable Most expensive scenario
14 FACULTE D INFORMATIQUE 14/20 FTTH Point-to-Point (PtP) / FTTB ISP A LEX/CO ODF SC Concentration ISP B PSTN-like architecture One plug/operator not user-friendly Not scalable, not affordable nowadays
15 FACULTE D INFORMATIQUE 15/20 Operator switch Tier 1 ISP Inter exchange ISP A ISP B ISP C Single physical link to the end-user At a given point upwards in the access network, enable any operator to reach the end-user
16 FACULTE D INFORMATIQUE 16/20 Unbundling at concentration ISP A LEX/CO ODF SC Concentration ISP B FTTH scenarios Dedicated fiber running down to subscriber to be shared beyond last splitter Technically similar to ODF unbundling Requires deeper fiber roll-out
17 FACULTE D INFORMATIQUE 17/20 Street Cabinet unbundling ISP A LEX/CO ODF SC Fibre Loop Copper Loop ISP B Fiber to the Cabinet (FTTC) Hybrid solution: reuse of legacy access Optical-to-electrical converters at SC VDSL2 scenario Limited coverage
18 FACULTE D INFORMATIQUE 18/20 ODF unbundling ISP A LEX/CO ODF SC Concentration ISP B PtP scenario Optical switching Sharing of the dedicated fiber running down to the subscriber
19 FACULTE D INFORMATIQUE 19/20 Wavelength unbundling ISP A LEX/CO ODF SC λ Concentration ISP B λ Passive Optical Network (PON) scenario Sharing of the shared fiber running down to the subscriber Traffic multiplexed upwards beyond last splitter Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)
20 FACULTE D INFORMATIQUE 20/20 Summary PSTN VDSL2 HFC DOCSIS 3.0 FTTH Fibre Loop Copper Loop ODF at LEX/CO Hub ODF at LEX/CO SC Optical node Bidirectional amplifier Concentration
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