Cloud 101. Wayne M. Pecena, CPBE, CBNE Texas A&M University - KAMU

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1 Cloud 101 Wayne M. Pecena, CPBE, CBNE Texas A&M University - KAMU v3

2 My Agenda Introduction & IP Networking Review Cloud Fundamentals Virtualization & The Data Center Environment Network Providers Takeaways / Closing Thoughts / Q & A 2

3 The Keys to Understanding Technology Do Not Be Afraid to Ask Questions! Understand the TLA s Understand the FLA s (and xfla s) Do Not Confuse FLA s Understand the Context of TLA s and FLA s Did I Mention to Ask Questions? 3

4 5 Things Required To Build a Network Send Host Receive Host Message or Data to Send Between Hosts Media to Interconnect Hosts Protocol to Define How Data is Transferred

5 Reference Models The OSI Model DoD Model TCP/IP Model Encapsulation 7 Application Service Provided to Applications 6 Presentation Provides Data Formatting 4 Application Application Data 5 Session Provides Conversation Control 4 Transport Provides Data Sequencing, Flow Control, Integrity 3 Transport TCP UDP Segments 3 Network Provides Logical Addressing, Fragmentation, End-End Delivery 2 Internetwork IP Packets 2 1 Data Link Physical LLC MAC Provides Physical Addressing, Error Correction Provides Media Interface, Topology 1 Network Access Network Interface Frames Bits Please Do Not Take Sausage Pizza Away! 5

6 Another Look at the OSI Model Application 7 Presentation 6 Session 5 Transport 4 Network 3 Data Link 2 Physical 1 POP SMTP 25 RS-xxx WEB HTTP 80 TCP IPv4 PPP ISDN ADSL File Transfer FTP 20 / SNAP CAT 5 Directory DNS 53 UDP IPv6 Ethernet II Coax Net Mgmt SNMP 161 / 162 Fiber Application Layers Network Layers 6

7 Layer 2 Standards: Project 802 Ethernet Standards: Bridging Ethernet Wireless 7

8 Layer 3 Standards: Request for Comments RFC s The Standards Bible of the Internet Explains All Aspects of IP Networking 8

9 Addressing Each Host on an Ethernet Based IP Network Has: An Unique MAC Address Layer 2 Physical Address (local network segment) An Unique IP Address Layer 3 Logical Address (global routed) Simplified Representation FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF 00:12:3F:8D:4D:A DATA Trailer Destination MAC Source MAC Source IP Destination IP IP Packet Ethernet Frame

10 TCP Connection Oriented Guaranteed Delivery Reliable, But Higher Latency Resends Dropped Segments Provides Flow Control Performs CRC UDP Connectionless No Guaranteed Delivery Unreliable, But Low Latency No Retransmission No Flow Control Performs CRC 10

11 Routing & Switching Summary Route Between Networks (Control Broadcast Domains) Switch to Eliminate a Collision Domain Within a Broadcast Domain 11

12 Why is QoS Important? QoS Is Important for Broadcasters Network Factors Impacting Quality of Experience (QoE): Throughput or Bandwidth Errors Dropped Packets or Packet Loss Latency Jitter Packet Delivery Out-of-Order TOTAL BANDWIDTH SQL Data Packets Video over IP (VoIP) Data Packets http / SMTP / POP Data Packets Audio over IP (AoIP) Data Packets ICMP Data Packets Scavenger Data Packets Provider Service Levels Preminum Platinum Gold Bronze Silver Best Effort 12

13 End To End QoS Policy Essential Egres s QoS Ingres s QoS Layer 3 Trust Boundary Ingres s QoS Layer 2 Trust Boundary Egres s QoS Ideal Trust Boundary 13

14 Cloud Fundamentals 14

15 Defining Cloud Computing I Know It When I See It! Characteristics: Scalable Pooled Resources Device-Independent Task Oriented OPEX Based 15

16 Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand Network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. Source: National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST) 16

17 Scalable Device- Independent Task Oriented OPEX Based Characteristics Pooled Resources SaaS PaaS IaaS Service Models Public Private Hybird Community Deployment Models 17

18 Cloud Service Architectures Three Fundamental Platforms: SaaS Software as a Service PaaS Platform as a Service IaaS Infrastructure as a Service 18

19 Provider Application Used By Consumer End Product Applications Created By Consumer Ready to Use Resources SaaS PaaS QB Online Google Mail MS 365 Amazon EC3 Google AP Engineer MS Azure Computing Resources Provisioned By Consumer Raw Resources IaaS RackSpace Mozy, DropBox 19

20 The Nested Cloud The Cloud Within a Cloud Approach SaaS SaaS IaaS SaaS 20

21 SaaS Delivery Model PaaS Delivery Model IaaS Delivery Model 21

22 Cloud Deployment Architectures Public Cloud Private Cloud Hybrid Cloud Community Cloud 22

23 The Public Cloud 23

24 The Private Cloud 24

25 The Hybrid Cloud 25

26 The Community Cloud 26

27 Virtualization & The Data Center Environment 27

28 Virtualization AP 1 AP 2 AP 1 AP A AP 2 AP B AP A AP B 28

29 Scaling Scaling Up Adds Capacity (CPU, Memory, Storage) Scaling Out Adds Resources (Dynamic) 29

30 The Data Center Google North Carolina 30

31 The SLA Service Level Agreement Service Contract or Performance Contract Specifies Specific Service(s) Provided & Service Target(s) Quantitative Factor (measurable) Based Examples: Voice: Availability, Call Blockage Network: Availability, Latency, Data Rate, Fail-Over Cloud: Availability, Provisioning Time, Restoration Time 31

32 Typical SLA Provisions: 32

33 Are You Getting What You Are Paying For? SLA Monitoring Systems Confirm: Provide Real-time Monitoring Dashboard Proactive Alerting Can Automate Repair Performance Reports 33

34 Data Center Classification Tier Classification Used to Describe Reliability Tier 4 Tier 3 Tier 2 Tier 1 34

35 Tier 1 Data Center Redundancy: None Reliability Metric: % Downtime Allowed: 28.8 Hours/Year Staffing: none 35

36 Tier 2 Data Center Redundancy: N+1 Fault Tolerance Single Distribution Path Reliability Metric: % Downtime Allowed: 22 Hours/Year Staffing: 1 shift 36

37 Tier 3 Data Center Redundancy: N+1 Fault Tolerance Alternate Distribution Path 72 Hour Power Protection Reliability Metric: % Downtime Allowed: 1.6 Hours/Year Staffing: 1 + shifts 37

38 Tier 4 Data Center Redundancy: 2N+1 Fault Tolerance Redundant Distribution Path 96 Hour Power Protection Reliability Metric: % Downtime Allowed: 26.3 Minutes /Year Staffing: 24 x 7 38

39 Network Providers 39

40 Network Providers Tier Classification Used to Describe Performance However, No official Rating Body Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3 40

41 Tier 1 3 Network Provider 41

42 Tier 1 Network Provider Access to Global Internet Routing Table One of More Autonomous System Number(s) Own or Lease International Fiberoptic Transport Scope Spans More Than One Continent 42

43 Tier 2-3 Network Providers Characterized by Slower Network Access Speeds Farther From Core of the Internet Scope is Usually Regional or Local Based Focused Upon Consumer Access Often Share Common Gateways 43

44 Recognize The Context of Tier Ratings 44

45 Takeaways: Cloud Characteristics: Scalable, Device Independent, Task Focused, OPEX Cost Basis 3 Fundamental Cloud Service Models: IaaS, PaaS, & SaaS 4 Cloud Deployment Models: Public, Private. Hybrid, & Community Virtualization is Inherent in the Cloud Resource Elasticity SLA Provides Service Definition Data Center Classifications: Tier 1-4 Network Provider Classifications: Tier 1-3 We Have Barely Scratched the Surface There is More to Learn! 45

46 Want to Learn More? Don t Change That Channel! 2pm Cloud 201: Leveling Up With Cloud Technologies for Broadcast with Ron Clifton 46

47 Closing Thoughts: Be Careful When Using TLA s, FLA s, and Technical Jargon: 27% of Americans Identified a GigaByte as an Insect 23% Thought an MP3 was a Star Wars Robot 18% Thought a Blu-Ray was a Marine Animal

48 12% Said USB Was an Acronym for an European Country 11% Thought HTML was a Sexually Transmitted Disease And Finally 61% Felt it Was Important to Have a Good Knowledge of Technology! Source: Vouchercloud.net

49

50 ? Questions? Thank You for Attending! Wayne M. Pecena, CPBE, CBNE Texas A&M Information Technology Educational Broadcast Services

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