Status on fiber and optic in Campus

Transcription

1 Status on fiber and optic in Campus Kurosh Bozorgebrahimi, UNINETT, (Nettmøte, )

2 Outline Fiber and the standards Ethernet PHY Myths or facts New and non-standard fibers CWDM Passive Optical LAN (POL) 19. desember

3 What is optical fiber? Waveguide made of glass Total Internal Reflection (TIR) 9µm Higher refractive index in the core than the cladding (e.g. 1550nm) 125µm The most commonly used glass is silica SiO 2 Low loss Uses dopants to achieve different refractive index n µm 19. desember

4 Fiber-, link- and cable attributes Attenuation Chromatic dispersion Core diameter Macrobending loss Attenuation coefficient Core concentricity error Core non-circularity Longitudinal uniformity of Chromatic dispersion Chromatic dispersion coefficient Modal bandwidth Mode field diameter Polarization mode dispersion coefficient Cladding diameter Microbending loss Modal bandwidth Cladding non-circularity Numerical aperture Non-linear coefficient Fiber and protective materials Cut-off wavelength Proof-stress level Refractive index profile Differential group delay Protective materials

5 Fiber-, link- and cable attributes Attenuation Core diameter Chromatic dispersion Macrobending loss Attenuation coefficient Chromatic dispersion coefficient Polarization mode dispersion coefficient Modal bandwidth Mode field diameter Cladding diameter Microbending loss Cut-off wavelength Effective Core Area Refractive index profile

6 ITU-T standars G.651.1: Characteristics of a 50/125 µm multimode graded index optical fibre cable for the optical access network G.652: Characteristics of a single-mode optical fibre and cable G.653: Characteristics of a dispersion-shifted, single-mode optical fibre and cable G.654: Characteristics of a cut-off shifted, single-mode optical fibre and cable G.655: Characteristics of a non-zero dispersion-shifted single-mode optical fibre and cable G.656: Characteristics of a fibre and cable with non-zero dispersion for wideband optical transport G.657: Characteristics of a bending-loss insensitive single-mode optical fibre and cable for the access network

7 Modes A mode is a defined path along which light travels A mode is a self-consistent electric field distributions in waveguides

8 MMF Core diameter ITU-T OM fiber type 62.5 µm -- OM1 50 µm G OM2 50 µm G OM3 50 µm G OM4 OM1 OM2 OM3 OM4 Source: Corning 8

9 Ethernet G PHY Nomenclature Distinctions Electrical links over four Twisted pairs of wires (Category 6 or better) with bidirectional signaling. Supports up to at least 100 m. 10GBASE-T Electrical link that use 4 pairs of Copper wires with bi-directional signaling in a jumper cable assembly with external sourced coding. Supports up to at least 15 10GBASE-CX4 m. Optical link that uses Short wavelength (850nm) lasers over two multimode optical fibers with scrambled encoding. Supports up to at least 300 m on OM3 10GBASE-SR fiber. 10GBASE-LR 10GBASE-ER 10GBASE-LRM 10GBASE-LX4 10GBASE-KX4 10GBASE-KR Optical link that uses Long wavelength lasers (1310nm) and two single-mode optical fibers with scrambled encoding. Supports up at least to 10 km. Optical links that use Extra long (1550nm) wavelength lasers and two single-mode optical fibers with scrambled encoding. Supports up to at least 40 km. Optical link that use Long wavelength (1310nm) lasers with scrambled encoding over Multimode fiber. Supports up to at least 220 m on FDDI grade fiber. Optical link that uses Long wavelength (4 wavelengths in 1310 nm range) lasers with external sourced coding and wavelength division multiplexing into one multimode fiber. Supports up to at least 300 m of FDDI grade fiber. BacKplane link with external sourced coding that uses 4 bi-directional traces. Supports up to at least 1 m. BacKplane link with scrambled encoding that uses 1 pair of traces. Supports up to at least 1 m. Source: BROCADE 9

10 Ethernet 100G PHY Nomenclature Distinctions 100GBASE- CR10 100GBASE- SR10 Electrical link that uses 10 pairs of Copper wires in each direction with scrambled encoding. Supports up to at least 7 m. Optical link that uses Short wavelength (850 nm) lasers with scrambled encoding over 10 pairs of multimode optical fibers in each direction. Supports Short Reach applications up to at least 100 m on OM3 fiber or at least 150 m over engineered links on Optical Multimode 4 (OM4) fiber. LR10 Optical link that uses 10 Long wavelength (near 1550 nm) lasers with scrambled encoding over two single-mode optical fibers. Supports Long Reach applications up to at least 2 km. This is based on the 10X10 MSA and not an IEEE standard. Optical link that uses 4 Long wavelength (near 1310 nm) lasers with scrambled encoding over two single-mode optical fibers. Supports Long Reach applications 100GBASE-LR4 up to at least 10 km. Optical link that uses 4 long wavelength (near 1310 nm) lasers with scrambled encoding and two single-mode optical fibers. Supports Extended Reach 100GBASE-ER4applications of up to at least 40 km. Source: BROCADE Source: MSA CFP 10

11 Fiber specifications (sample) 19. desember

12 G.652 and it s variations G.652 A, B, C and D Corning

13 G.657 bending-loss insensitive fiber Source: PennWell

14 When should I consider using bendoptimized fiber in my network? Low count cables High density connectivity Small enclosures Low temperature applications Company cable designs In-building applications, including drops Source: OFS 14

15 Loss sources Core diameter Numerical aperture Fresnel reflection Refractive index profile Surface roughness Lateral offset Micro-bending Axial separation Macro-bending Axial tilt Source: Piotr Turowicz, Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center 15

16 Myths or facts 16

17 Could fiber ever burn? Yes, Fiber Fuse this phenomenon can occur already for powers below 1 W if something (e.g. a burning dust particle) triggers the plasma at the output end. Hold your fiber ends clean 17

18 Capacity (bits/s) Fiber and capacity limitation. Is it unlimited? Shannon limit Shannon capacity C =B log2 (1 + SNR) Maximum Capacity Area where the Capacity is dominated by noise (mainly ASE) Area where the Capacity is dominated by fibrt nonliearity SNR [db], Signal Launch Power [dbm]

19 New and non-standard fibers 19

20 New and non-standard fibers Plastic Optical Fiber (POF) Multi Core Fiber (MCF) Few Mode Fiber (FMF) Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF)

21 CWDM 21

22 CWDM (Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing) Nominal central wavelengths (nm) for spacing of 20 nm (G.694.2) 1271, 1291, 1391, 1411, 1591 and 1611 (#18) Multiplexer/Demultiplexer Fiber = 10s of km Multiplexer/Demultiplexer There are passive, active CWDM solutions and solutions with and without management Source/Receiver Source/Receiver We are using the passive solution without management 22

23 CWDM use scenario 1300nm over xx km of fiber pair 23

24 Passive Optical LAN (POL) 24

25 Background: PON Passive Optical Network is a point to multi-point optical system with following features: Shared medium (fiber) Common control point: All traffic terminates at OLT which controls communication from/to all CPE devices No active device is located between the control point and CPEs (ONU/ONT-OLT) OLT ONU ONT Optical Line Termination (OLT): An OLT provides the network-side interface of the OAN, and is connected to one or more ODNs. Optical Network Unit (ONU): An ONU provides (directly or remotely) the user-side interface of the OAN, and is connected to the ODN. Optical Network Termination (ONT): An ONT is an ONU used for FTTH that includes the User Port function. Kilde: G984.1

26 Passive Optical LAN Bringing the PON FTTx concept to the LAN. It flattens and simplifies the LAN It is not limited by distance and bandwidth constrains of twisted pair networks It is secure by design, based on optical fiber and built-in encryption (ASE) Can eliminate wiring closets. Eliminate the need for midspan electronics, power and cooling OPEX saving Source: Motorola SLIDE 26

27 APOLAN The Association for Passive Optical LAN is a non-profit organization composed of manufacturers, distributors, integrators, and consulting companies who are actively involved in the Passive Optical LAN marketplace. August 2013 The Founding members: Corning,IBM, SAIC, TE Connectivity, Tellabs, Zhone, 3M. SLIDE 27

28 Fail detection and repair Fiber cleaner kit Light or no light Laser pen (visible light) Light detector card Power meter Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) 28

29 Plastic Optical Fiber Poly Methyl Methacrylate (PMMA) with a large core diameter (~1 mm) and high numerical aperture (NA ). Is used for very short reach and low bitrate application Easy to handled (used in automotive industry) Could be a promising fiber for home networking Deployment of Ethernet continues to stimulate the need for PHY technologies that address particular market needs. Plastic Optical Fibre provides distinct advantages for deployment of Gigabit Ethernet in diverse environments. POF is an attractive and complementary medium for automotive application environments. It also provides significant installation advantages for home networking. This Call for Interest will request the formation of a study group to explore the available technologies, market need and market application requirements for a POF 1000 Mb/s Physical Layer specification. Call for Interest will be discussed 18th March 2014 at IEEE plenary meeting. 29

30 Spatial multiplexing Multi-Core fiber [Jun Sakaguchi, Proc. OFCNFOEC2011, OWJ2] Crosstalk is one of the main issues Multimode fiber Mode Division Multiplexing (MDM) Challenges Mode coupling Intersymbolic interference at receiver side

31 Fiber Transmission Technologies toward Pbit/s Source: Multi-Core Fiber Transmission Technologies for Peta b/s Per Fiber Capacity, Hidehiko Takara, ECOC

32 Photonic Crystal Fiber, PCF Source: Dr. Jason Eichenholz, Optoelecronics world, Photonic Crystal Fiber

33 NTT and HAF Hole-assisted optical fiber Source: Development of Indoor Single-mode Optical Fiber Cable Using Bending-lossinsensitive Fiber, NTT 33

34 19. desember