Learning from the Past: Wired City to Wireless Society

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1 Learning from the Past: Wired City to Wireless Society Mischa Schwartz Charles Batchelor Professor Emeritus of Electrical Engineering Columbia University New York, NY 10027

2 Moving toward a Wireless Society? People on the move- WiFi big success Multimedia; social networking latest app Cellphones/Smartphones worldwide Future wireless plans- high bit rates, enhanced mobility

3 Wideband Mobile Competitors LTE (Long-Term Evolution) Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) high thruput, low latency Ex: Downlink, 100 Mps; Uplink, 50 Mbps adopted by Verizon, ATT Mobile WiMAX mobile, IEEE e

4 Theme: How did we get here? Connecting Past with Present

5 Outline of Talk Wireless Proposals: Applications and Requirements- Wireless Society? Wired City, early 1970s: Applications and Requirements Videotex, expts, mid-1970s to mid-1980s Wireless Research, mid-1990s: Applications and Requirements Current: wideband wireless, LTE, WiMax Competition or Complementary?

6 Wireless Proposals Applications: Multimedia! High quality video/pictures Broadcast/Multicast capability (Video, Download newspapers, ) Social networking, Network games, (plus, of course!, Voice, Data, ) Amazing growth, wireless terminals Wireless Society?

7 Requirements Seamless communication, heterogeneous nets High bit-rate transmission: Mbps, high mobility (350 km/hr), 1 Gbps (!), low mobility Desired QoS, end-to-end: Reduced latency, packet dropping, jitter More services at lower cost

8 Wired City Concept- Early- to Mid-1970s Two-Way Cable TV Telephone Video Telephone

9 Cable TV By Significant impact Studies undertaken, problems and possibilities USA examples: Sloan Commission on Cable Communic. Report, 1971 Paul Baran, Inst. for the Future, 1970, Delphi study, future of telephone industry

10 Sloan Report- On the Cable Mostly about cable TV: Choice [by citizens] is still possible Stress on public services But, Appendix A, two-way services: schools, conferences, , voting

13 Baran paper, Jan. 75, IEEE Trans.Comm. Market Forecast, 30 home electronic services Education From home: work, meetings, banking Info. access: electronic newspaper, legal, library, weather, Shopping facilitation: cashless, catalogs, consumers advisory Note: least potential: plays/movies, mass mail!

14 Experiments and Proposals, Wired City Improved education delivery Simplified shopping and banking Telemedicine, health care delivery Work at home Citizen-government interaction

15 Possible Benefits Education and culture to more people More leisure time Improved medical care Reduced commuter time Better informed

16 Concerns Expressed Effect, life styles: more stay at home? Less people-people interaction? Population dispersal? Effect on job market/labor skills Questions of privacy Communications overload? Increased stress, anxiety?

22 Videotex, mid-1970s to mid-1980s UK: BPO, BBC first, concepts, late 1960s Services, mid-1970s- CEPT, Prestel Canada, Dept. Communication, late 1970s, Telidon (TV and telephone) France, Minitel, directory service, free terminals, by mid-1990s: many services available

23 Two-Way Cable TV Systems USA, pilot systems, early 1970s E.K.Smith, Pilot Two-Way CATV Systems. IEEE Trans. Comm., Jan Warner Cable, QUBE, Columbus, OH Introduced 1977; ½ million homes, 1983 Cox Cable, INDAX, San Diego, 1981

26 Ex: El Segundo Theta-Com SRS Operated by Theta-Cable/Teleprompter Developed by Theta-Com/ Hughes Aircraft Started, Jan. 72; 30 home terminals Simulated 10,000 terminals

28 Early-Mid 90s: Beginning of Wireless Age Second-Generation Digital Systems North America and elsewhere: IS-136, 1991; IS-95, 1993 Europe and elsewhere: GSM, 1992 Japan: PDC, 1993 Next Generation?

29 Wireless Research, mid-1990s (IEEE Personal Comm. 6/95) All-Packet-Switched (But ATM cells) Multi-media Traffic Heterogeneous Networks: Lower-BW Cellular, Higher-BW WLANs, Multihop Wireless Nets Cellular hierarchy: Macro-, Micro-, Pico-

30 Multimedia Applications Teleconferencing Design Team, Distributed Work Environment Electronic Newspaper Mixed-Media Database Search Nomadic Computing

31 Application Requirements/ Environment Varying BW, QoS Requirements Terminals, Different Capabilities Multicast Often Required Wireless Access + Wired Core Network Heterogeneous Networks Yet- Seamless Communication End-to-End

32 Electronic Newspaper Example To the home, business, during commute Transmit text, image, video Current news, background inform. (multiple databases consulted) Electronic tablet/ Notebook computer Pressure-sensitive buttons

34 Network Management/ Control Issues Raised Multi-media traffic, heterogeneous nets: How to maintain desired QoS end-to-end? Dynamic BW control- how, where? Hierarchical/layered coding? Specialized network node/switch? Flow control, non-real-time traffic Admission/handoff control

35 Now Return to Present Cellphones/Smartphones ubiquitous ipad, Tablet computer-use fast-growing Lightweight Laptops Wi-Fi systems predominate Data/Video transmission all Internet based

36 Cellular Carriers look to Broadband Systems 4G(3.xG?) Cellular, 3GPP, IEEE e LTE vs.ieee e/WiMAX Competition or Complementary?

37 4G Cellular Proposals Both 3GPP, WiMAX stress layers 1, 2 improvements: new high data-rate, low latency access new transmission schemes, OFDM-based dynamic bandwidth sharing multi-antenna use: MIMO (MIMO-OFDM) cognitive/software-defined radio

38 4G Cellular Proposals, cont All-IP networking Advanced mobility management: handoff, location, Interworking with other nets: 4G, WLANs, Seamless communications, QoS end-to-end

39 Concerns again expressed Overuse of texting? Psychological side effects? Friends Without a Personal Touch (NY Times book review, 2/22/11)

40 But- Political impacts dramatic! Facebook, Twitter change tide Middle East!

41 Technology in the Future Multiple, heterogeneous wireless nets, all handling multimedia traffic? Will the Internet be mobile? seamless communications end-to-end a reality? Wireless Society?

42 Wait and See! (Your guess is as good as mine!)

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