Research on technical scheme of outdoor-layout relay protection in smart substation

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1 The 6th International Conference on Renewable Power Generation (RPG) October 2017 Research on technical scheme of outdoor-layout relay protection in smart substation Song Shuang 1, Qiao Xingjin 2, Bu Qiangsheng 1, Yang Yi 1, Song Liangliang 1 1 Power Grid Technology Centre, State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Research Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People s Republic of China 2 Substation Maintenance Centre, State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Maintenance Branch Company, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People s Republic of China sslouis@126.com Published in The Journal of Engineering; Received on 9th October 2017; Accepted on 1st November 2017 Abstract: The scheme of secondary equipment outdoor layout in smart substation has become the development trend in constructing smart substation. In this study, some schemes about outdoor layout relay protection in smart substation using electronic transer are provided and compared, which is mainly focused on technical ideas, implementation plan and their advantages and disadvantages in engineering application. In addition, aiming at the problem of changing in testing, operation and maintenance work under this new mode, the authors provide a brief introduction on assembly line automatically closed-loop test technology of outdoor layout, miniaturisation relay protection equipment. The research results have been initially applied in design, test, operation and maintenance work in smart substation. 1 Introduction In recent years, new devices such as electronic instrument transer, merging unit (MU) and intelligent terminal have been widely used in the constructions of smart substations due to the rapid development and applications of the smart substations [1]. So far, the layout of intelligent relay protection devices changes from centralised arrangement to location pattern such as outdoor cabinets. Some research work is being done to make relay protection devices miniaturised and location. The application of new technology and equipments will bring about new challenges to the construction, debugging, operation and maintenance of substations. Therefore, the development of smart substation faces new challenges [2]. There are three drawbacks in the relay protection systems of traditional smart substations. First, the tripping speed slows down due to the complex procedures such as sampling, data processing, logical calculus and tripping operation. Meantime, the failure of a single unit may cause incorrect operation of the relay protection system, which will reduce the reliability and stability of the power system. Second, the equipments in process level are installed on site in sink cabinets. Analysis suggests that the harsh environment in cabinets may affect the running behaviour of equipments due to their low protection class, large heat release and poor antiinterference ability. Third, there is large quantity of work such as wiring, configuration, debugging and maintenance corresponding to secondary equipment. The challenges above have to be settled urgently for the development of smart substations concerning construction, debugging, operation and maintenance. To reduce costs of smart substation construction, the location of secondary equipments is designed to be close to primary equipments. The installation of secondary equipments considers concentrating testing and maintenance to improve the quick action and reliability of relay protection systems. In the meantime, the strategy above helps to release the work of testing, operation and maintenance. This paper focuses on the localisation of relay protection system for smart substation using electronic transers. Several schemes are compared by analysing their technical ideas, system architecture, advantages and disadvantages. Although some research work has been done about the automatic testing in smart substations [3, 4], it mainly focuses on testing of equipments in process level and has no mature application instance. Therefore, this paper introduces a novel application of local relay protection system named factory testing, replaceable maintenance. Moreover, some research work concerning pipeline automatic measurement technique is mentioned in this paper. 2 Basic ideas There are several basic principles of schemes discussed in this paper: (i) using electronic transer; (ii) direct sampling in protection system, and tripping directly through cable; (iii) transmission line protections are installed locally and unshielded; (iv) cancelling intelligent terminal; and (v) operation plug-in is independent, and operating circuit is simplified. For relay protection system served for a single interval, it should be installed locally and unshielded. It makes use of sampled value (SV) to sample directly by point-to-point. The data synchronisation is achieved by internal difference method in the relay protection equipments. In this way, it is independent of external network device to ensure reliability of sampling to its greatest extent. Meanwhile, the tripping through cable improves its reliability because the relay protection equipments are close to primary equipments. For relay protection system served for across intervals, it may adopt host and slave mode or no-host and looped network mode according to the engineering application. The host and slave mode realises the tripping and closing through cable by means of slave in the relay protection systems. For the no-host and looped network mode, there is no host in the protection room. The host and slave mode involves many circuit breakers, and there is some distance among host and breakers in the protection room. Therefore, the tripping and closing through cable are achieved by means of slave in the protection system. Considering the development of intelligent primary equipments, the tripping of breakers can be achieved using generic object oriented substation events (GOOSE) between acrossintervals protection and slave in the long run. It needs to be stressed that the monitoring system utilises SV, whereas the tripping and protection systems utilises GOOSE. In

2 the schemes considered in this paper, the GOOSE and SV are merged in the process level, and the manufacturing message specification (MMS) in station level is unily allocated in the substation. 3 General framework 3.1 Host and slave mode served for across intervals This scheme applies to newly building smart substations and reconstruction of smart substations, all utilising electronic transers. The protection system served for single interval makes use of SV to sample directly and cable to trip directly. For the host and slave mode served for across intervals, the host is installed in the cell room to sample directly by means of SV, while the slave is in charge of tripping. As shown in Fig. 1, the host and slave are associated through internet by point-to-point. (i) The MU of electronic transers is installed locally and unshielded, and the MU is in charge of voltage juxtaposition and switching. (ii) The protection system of single interval such as transmission line or bus coupler is installed locally. (iii) For the protection system of across intervals such as bus bar or main transer, it adopts the host and slave mode. The host is installed in the cell room to sample directly by means of SV, while the slave is in charge of tripping. (iv) In the protection system of across intervals, it samples by means of SV and the salve is in charge of tripping. The reliability and sensitivity are guaranteed, because the host and slave are connected point-to-point. This connection takes advantages of network to share ination. In this way, the number of device interfaces is reduced. (v) Both the host and slave observe public agreement. Owing to horizontal decoupling, it is not essential to use the same manufacturer. Therefore, it is convenient to maintain and rebuild the equipments. (vi) The slave in bus bar protection system is publicly owned, which provides ination for stability control, substation area protection and faults recorder. (vii) The inations of substation area protection, faults recorder and network analysis are transported through network. The GOOSE and SV are merged in the substation, and both the protection system and slave access to MMS network. Table 1 Comparison of advantages and disadvantages of scheme 1 sampling realisation Advantages direct sample, reliable and easy to realise both host and slave adopt general statute Disadvantages different protection systems for across intervals need independent slaves host is unable to be installed locally and unshielded The advantages and disadvantages of scheme 1 are shown as Table 1. One of the advantages is that it is able to satisfy the existing technical condition and trip through cable. Moreover, it reserves the tripping interface through GOOSE to adapt the development of intelligent primary equipments. Overall, this scheme sustains the construction and operation mode of existing smart substations with strong compatibility. The obvious disadvantage of the scheme is that the secondary equipments are not locally installed, which means it is unable to realise plug and play. Moreover, it depends on the perance of switchboard when the host and slave are connected through network. 3.2 No-host and looped network mode served for across intervals This scheme applies to the newly constructed smart substations equipped with electronic transers. In this scheme, the protection system in single interval samples directly through SV and trips directly through cable. While the protection system across intervals adopts no-host and looped network mode, it improves the reliability of the protection system by redundancy double loop network. The framework of the scheme is shown as Fig. 2. (i) For the protection system of across intervals such as bus bar and main transer, it adopts the distributed no-host mode. The slaves adopt redundancy double loop network to improve reliability of data transmission. (ii) All the protection equipments are installed locally and unshielded. Therefore, it is convenient to realise plug and play, and exchanging of equipments. (iii) To protect the privatisation of slaves, it is essential to add extra slaves to provide public ination such as stability control, substation area protection and faults recorder. Fig. 1 Overall structure under host and slave mode

3 Fig. 2 Overall structure under no-host and looped network mode Table 2 Comparison of advantages and disadvantages of scheme 2 sampling realisation Advantages redundancy double loop network host is installed unshielded Disadvantages rely on the reliability of looped network, links and delay increases management is complicated, needs additional public slaves (iv) The requirements for transmission line protection, measurement and control device, substation area protection, faults recorder and electronic transers are equal to scheme 1. The advantages and disadvantages of scheme 2 are shown as Table 2. One of the advantages is that the protection system for across intervals is installed locally and unshielded. The protection equipments are completely independent and the host is able to realise plug and play. Moreover, it improves the reliability of the protection system by redundancy double loop network. One of the disadvantages is that the protection systems for across intervals rely on the reliability of looped network. The safety measurements for maintenance are supposed to be more complicated. The sampling data is transmitted through looped network, and therefore the links and delay increases. The management of no-host protection equipments is complicated. Moreover, the number of equipments increases due to the newly added public slaves. 3.3 Double-ended prefabricated aviation plug and no-slave mode On the assumption of network technology maturation, this scheme is designed for standardisation and maturation of primary equipments in the future. Therefore, this scheme applies to newly building smart substations using electronic transers. In this scheme, the data sampling and breakers tripping are realised through fibre. There is no slave in this scheme and the protection system in across intervals is installed locally. The detailed implementation is shown as Fig. 3. (i) The primary equipments are intelligent and the fibre interface of double-ended prefabricated aviation plug is used to connect the secondary equipments. (ii) The protection system of single interval such as transmission line and bus coupler is installed locally and unshielded. The data are sampled through SV directly and breakers are tripped through GOOSE. (iii) The protection system for across intervals is installed locally and unshielded. There is no slave and the host network is sampled through SV and breakers are tripped through GOOSE. (iv) The network technology is mature and reliable. The advantage of this scheme is that the interface between primary equipment and secondary equipment is standard. The secondary equipments are installed locally and the interface of protection equipments is simplified. The disadvantage is that the protection facility depends heavily on the network. Therefore, it is tough to realise this scheme in technology and more research work is needed. 4 Research on pipeline auto-measurement technique Currently, the testing methods of protection system rely on independent testing equipments. By simulating sampling and signal of primary equipments, the perance of single equipment is researched and the input and output responses are verified [5 7]. After the equipments are installed in the site, mounts of testing work needs to be done. On the one hand, too much work brings about enormous pressure to crews of operation and maintenance. On the other hand, it is hard to undertake comprehensive testing work restricted by the subjective factors and security risk [8]. In the meantime, because liquid-crystal display panels are abolished in the locally installed protection equipments, the traditional testing method for relay protection is not applied. Therefore, it is urgent to research on new testing methods [9, 10]. In recent years, the standardisation of relay protection equipments keeps promoting [11]. The functions, setting values, inputs and outputs of protection equipments made by different manufacturers are unified. With the miniaturisation and localisation of relay protection systems, the size, interface and ination output are unified. All the advantages above pave the way for the development of pipeline auto-measurement technique. This novel measurement mode is able to acquire ination of relay protection equipments automatically [12, 13]. The testing system and the equipments being tested are connected automatically through

4 Fig. 3 Overall structure under double-ended prefabricated aviation plug and no-slave mode standard interface. In this way, all the testing items and reports are done and ed automatically. The flowchart of auto-measurement technique is shown as Fig. 4. The basic approach of auto-measurement technique is to get the equipment ination by scanning its intelligent label. The equipment is moved to the standard working position and connected to the testing system through specific interface. Then, the loading and configuration download of the equipment are automatically done. After the detection of virtual terminal authentication, sampling accuracy, value testing and overhaul mechanism, the further functional simulation test of the equipment is done. The testing report and the corresponding label are ed for the equipment. In terms of the current technical level, the realisation of the proposed pipeline auto-measurement technique needs the development of intelligent label, automatic positioning and loading of the equipment. In the meantime, the mapping relation of substation control level and process level [14], as well as the functional simulation of the equipment [15, 16], need further research. With the development of the proposed system, a novel operating mode named factory testing, replaceable maintenance can be ulated to deal with the detection before grid connection, spot checking, inspection and rectify defection. The testing centre of area level and provincial level can be set up to meet the needs of testing work. 5 Conclusion This paper discussed the layout of locally installed relay protection system using electronic transers. To realise the layout analysed, three schemes are given. The advantages and disadvantages of these schemes are analysed based on their basic approach, overall framework and technique characteristics. In the end, it introduced the pipeline auto-measurement technique for the localisation and miniaturisation of relay protection equipments. The flowchart of the testing process suggests that this testing method paves the way for the testing of relay protection equipments and needs further study. 6 References Fig. 4 Basic flowchart of pipeline auto-measurement technique [1] Zaichao H., Liang Y., Yao Z.: Automatic testing method of intelligent relay protection device, Jiangsu Electr. Eng., 2013, 32, (1), pp [2] Xiang G., Peichao Z.: Main features and key technologies of digital substation, Power Syst. Technol., 2006, 30, (23), pp

5 [3] Guoqing Z., Chenyu J., Haidong Z., ET AL.: Research on the integrated simulation test system for smart substation, Jiangsu Electr. Eng., 2016, 35, (1), pp [4] Mingjun F., Haoyu L., Leichao D.: Research and application of relay protection automatic test system for smart substation, Power Syst. Prot. Control, 2015, 43, (1), pp [5] Zhanhuang Y., Jianbin H., Ruidong Z., ET AL.: Research and design of relay protection equipment automated test system, Power Syst. Prot. Control, 2010, 38, (17), pp [6] Minchou H., Mingyuan G.: Automatic test system of relay protection in smart substation, Smart Grid, 2015, 3, (10), pp [7] Wei L., Yong Z., Guang S.: One-key test system for relay protection equipment of intelligent substation, Electr. Power Autom. Equip., 2013, 33, (2), pp [8] Jianmin C., Zhiyong Q., Jian W., ET AL.: Study on application in substations based on IEC61850, East China Electr. Power, 2009, 37, (6), pp [9] Leichao D., Haoyu L., Mingjun F., ET AL.: Development of automatic test system for bay level equipment of smart substations, Autom. Electr. Power Syst., 2015, 39, (5), pp [10] Zhiguo W., Xingjian L., Yanguo W., ET AL.: Research on the development of relay protection tester based on unified building mode, Power Syst. Prot. Control, 2010, 38, (19), pp [11] Q/GDW : Technical specifications of protection for smart substation, State Grid, Beijing, 2010 [12] Zhiguo W., Xingjian L., Yanguo W., ET AL.: Automatic test plat in smart substation for relay protection, Autom. Electr. Power Syst., 2015, 39, (18), pp [13] Tiecheng L., Xiangjun G., Xiaoguang H., ET AL.: Research of the test method for digital protection device, Power Syst. Prot. Control, 2011, 39, (3), pp [14] Q/GDW : Data model of protection relay in project based on IEC61850, State Grid, Beijing, 2012 [15] Xianmei L., Jiadong H., Baofeng K.: Research on testing technology of relay protection for digital substation, Power Syst. Prot. Control, 2012, 40, (3), pp [16] Huanzhi L., Jianfeng H., Feng L., ET AL.: Design and implementation of simulation test system for substation automation, Autom. Electr. Power Syst., 2012, 36, (9), pp

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