Unbridled Raw Hex,
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- Allison Dickerson
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1 Unbridled Raw Hex,
2 This on Twitter and Mastodon Raw Hex, 44CON, HIDIOT I like breaking and building (the Internet of) things
3 What Is HIDIOT? Human Interface Device Input/Output Toolkit Tool To Teach Hardware Hacking Skills uc and host programming Circuit design and Soldering Bus interfaces and protocols
4 What Is HIDIOT? Specific focus: year old kids Teach kids to: void warranties, do unspeakable things to microcontrollers, save the world
5 What is HIDIOT? Alternative focus: Hackers Originally built as a tool to explore USB protocols, HID devices for USB/Bluetooth Used to simulate USB devices and for rapid prototyping
6 Part 1 Using (and abusing) HIDIOT
7 What Does HIDIOT Have? USB interface to ATTiny85 8k SRAM, 512 bytes RAM, 512 bytes EEPROM Almost any bus type thanks to USI Soft UART, SPI, I2C, 1-wire buses, USB :)
8 HIDIOT Software Stack Arduino IDE with Digispark/Trinket capability AVR-GCC for those who like to go manual Micronucleus Bootloader V-USB for USB management Library support for lots of add-ons
9 Physical HIDIOT Temp Sensor Light sensing via LED 2x LEDs 2x Tact switches Breakout area
10 Host Comms With HIDIOT USB Generic HID Class/LibUSB CDC Serial* Keyboard/Mouse/Joystick/MIDI etc. Anything you can write reports for
11 Computer Add-on Projects (CAPs) Like Shields or HATs Interchangeable hardware add-ons Ideal for modular HID-based exfil
12 Rapid Prototyping With HIDIOT Use breakout to add parts Build CAP for components Take ATTiny85 off board and add to CAP Add Power Source
13 Part 2 A High Level Overview of USB 2.0
14 Part 2 A High Level Overview of USB 2.0 While I build a HIDIOT live
15 Electrical USB 4 Pins - VCC, GND, D-, D+ Differential Encoding on D-/D+ for noise cancellation Pull-up/down resistors for different device/ host/hub combinations
16 USB 2.0 Terms Transfers Transactions Packets/Phases PID CRC
17 USB 2.0 Comms All transfers/transactions are IN or OUT from the hosts perspective. IN - Device to Host OUT - Host to Device
18 USB 2.0 Transfer Types Control Bulk Interrupt Isochronous
19 USB 2.0 Transactions Transfers consist of 1 or more transactions Each Transaction consists of two or three packets (stages/phases) Packets contain PIDs and other info
20 USB 2.0 Packets Token packet (all transactions, contains PID, endpoint and CRC) Data packet (contains PID, data and CRC) Handshake packet (contains PID)
21 Other Packets PING packets PRE packets
22 Control Transfers 1 Setup stage transaction 0 or more data stage transactions 1 Status stage transaction (in opposite direction, IN if no data stage sent)
23 Control Transfers Each stage has 3 phases (packets) Token Data Handshake
24 Interrupt Transfers Low Speed Transfers 1 or more IN or OUT transaction Same 3 phases as before
25 Lets Get Out Of The Weeds (Thank goodness)
26 USB Device Classes Lots of em We re focused on USB HID Device Class BONUS: USB HID === Bluetooth HID
27 Common USB HID Class Devices Keyboards Mice Game Controllers Generic HID Class*
28 Uncommon USB HID Class Devices UPSes Software Protection Dongles Medical Devices
29 USB Reports Each device communicates using reports Device describes report structure during enumeration IN interrupt transfer is minimum required for HID (e.g. keyboard press) OUT transfers are optional (e.g. to report keyboard LED status change)
30 How HID Works Host polls device s interrupt IN endpoint If device has data it will send data in report format Common devices use reports compliant with USB-IF standards Custom devices require custom drivers
31 Part 3 Software Stack
32 Installation Install Arduino Add Digispark board Install Windows USB drivers (optional) You can play along.
33 Part 4 DEMOS!
34 #1: Morse Code Blinker
35 #2, #3 Keyboard Control Hello World A Bit More
36 #4 DuckyScript
37 #5 Improving DuckyScript
38 #6 Pi Shutdown
39 #7 Improved Pi Shutdown
40 #8 Randomness
41 #9 Better Randomness
42 #10 Entropy Through WDT Jitter
43 #11 Hardware SSH Key
44 DENIED!!! #11 Hardware SSH Key
45 #11 Interfacing With Hardware
46 #12 Something Different
47 Part 5 Expanding HIDIOT
48
49
50
51
52
53
54 Part 6 Things For You To Try
55 Some Ideas To Try USB Host Fuzzing USB Device Fuzzing Brute forcing PINs with USB Keyboard Visible Light Comms Software Defined IR
56 Some Ideas To Try Portable RF hacking projects USB Host power-based side channel attacks Fuzzing SPI devices Fuzzing I2C devices Abusing USB report structure trust
57 Some Ideas To Try USB Device change detection and alerting EFI/SPI/I2C integrity monitoring U2F Security Key USB RF Bug/Anomaly Detection
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