Polar Space Task Group - Meeting 7 and SAR Coordination Working Group - Meeting 6 December 12-14, ASI Contribution: the COSMO-SkyMed Mission

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1 Polar Space Task Group Polar Space Task Group - Meeting 7 and SAR Coordination Working Group - Meeting 6 December 12-14, 2017 ASI Contribution: the COSMO-SkyMed Mission Maria Libera Battagliere, Fabrizio Battazza, Maria Girolamo Daraio Italian Space Agency

2 Polar Space Task Group Outlines COSMO-SkyMed MISSION STATUS COSMO-SkyMed ACQUISITION PLANS AND COMPLETION STATUS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF SAR CWG-PSTG SYNERGISTIC ACTIVITIES: STATUS OF COSMO-SkyMed PROJECT ON POLAR AREAS OPEN CALL - SCIENCE

3 COSMO-SkyMed Mission Status: lifetime extension Program Management: ASI in cooperation with Italian MoD Developed by the Italian National Industry Space Segment: Thales Alenia Space-Italy Ground Segment: Telespazio Commercialization: e-geos CEOS INFO ON SPACE MISSIONS CSK1 31 DEC 2018 CSK2 31 DEC 2018 CSK3 31 DEC 2018 CSK4 31 DEC This document contains proprietary information of ASI, and may not be reproduced, copied, disclosed or utilized in any way, in whole or in part, without the prior written consent of ASI

4 COSMO-SkyMed Programme: CSK-1 and CSK-2 celebrate 10 years! Il contributo Italiano all YEAR OF POLAR PREDICTION PROJECT (YOPP) - CNR Sede centrale

5 SYSTEM and MISSION FEATURES HIGH REVISIT TIME (max 12 H) HIGH RESOLUTION (< 1m) HIGH DATA TAKE OPPORTUNITIES HUGE IMAGING CAPABILITIES Worldwide global coverage All weather night/day acquisitions Fast response (>= 4 collection opportunuties per day) and Fast large/long area mapping Accurate information frequently updated Interferometric capability (1 day) Multi-mode acquisition capability

6 MISSION and UTILIZATION MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGY of the DUAL USE SYSTEM COSMO-SkyMed ASI OWNERS PROJECTS CIVILIAN DOMAIN INSTITUTIONAL USERS NATIONAL INSTITUTIONAL USERS INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONAL USERS INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIONS DUAL MISSION 75% SYSTEM RESOURCES DEFENCE DOMAIN ABSOLUTE PRIORITY COMMERCIAL USERS NATIONAL CIVILIAN COMMERCIAL USERS INTERNATIONAL CIVILIAN COMMERCIAL USERS FOREIGN DEFENCES USERS (ABSCENCE OF AN AGREEMENT WITH AD PARTNER ) DEFENCE DOMAIN 25% SYSTEM RESOURCES NATIONAL DEFENCE USERS FOREIGN DEFENCES USERS (PRESENCE OF AN AGREEMENT WITH AD PARTNER)

7 MISSION UTILIZATION STRATEGY IN THE CIVILIAN DOMAIN INSTITUTIONAL USERS ASI OWNERS PROJECTS NATIONAL INSTITUTIONAL USERS INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONAL USERS INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIONS MAP ITALY PROJECT INTERNATIONAL COOPERATING INITIATIVES and WORKING GROUP BACKGROUND MISSION ON- DEMAND INSTITUTIONAL and COMMERCIAL USERS INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIONS OPEN CALL INITIATIVES

8 Polar Space Task Group TABLE OF COORDINATED SPACE AGENCY ACQUISITION PLAN AND ASI COMPLETION STATUS Continuity of the acquisition plans over Greenland and Antarctica following the PSTG Ice Sheet Requirements Activation of new Permafrost acquisition plans over cold spots and mountain STARTING FROM OCTOBER 2017

9 CSK BACKGROUND MISSION CONTRIBUTION to the PSTG ASI-eGEOS Background Mission Specific Sites (egeos/asi) Large Areas Mapping (ASI) GLOBAL COVERAGE Polar Areas (ASI) Polar Space Task Group (WMO) from September 2014 Ice Sheets 30% of the global background acquisition plans Approach: Acquisition geometries of plans chosen in order Stripmap mode (3-5 m res., 40 km swath), HH, asc/ desc directions, right look side, incidence angles between 25-45, Time resolution of 4 or 8 dais ( glaciers lev3, higher proirity), 16 days (glaciers lev 2 and 1, antartic coast) ScanSAR wide region mode (30 m resolution, 100 km swath) ScanSAR huge region mode (100 m resolution, 200 km swath) Datasets are available in the COSMO-SkyMed archive and visible on the online COSMO-SkyMed catalogue

10 Polar Space Task Group COSMO-SkyMed Acquisition Plan based on PSTG Requirements Ice Sheets Ice sheets are acknowledged by WMO and UNFCCC as Essential Climate Variable (ECV) Ice sheets science requirements document: outlines general requirements and defines super sites for specific observations. The requirements specification are addressed to Greenland and Antarctica ice sheets. Objective To meet the objectives of the Polar Space Task Group (PSTG) assuring the data continuity through space-borne data collection over ice sheets: Prioritized coastal regions in Antartica (left) and Greenland (right) for a reduced acquisition requirement (1: highest, 5:lowest priority) from September 2014 ASI activated new background acquisition plans over the polar areas.

11 Polar Space Task Group COSMO-SkyMed SAR data available (Status at December 2017) Activation date of InSAR COSMO- SkyMed plans At the end of September 2014 Antartic and Greenland Glaciers with higher priority level 3. At January 2015 Antarctic Glaciers priority level 2 and 1 At July 2015 Greenland Glaciers priority level 2 and 1 October 2017 Activation of Acquisition plans for PERMAFROST Cold Spots Coverage of the Artic territory in ScanSAR Huge acquisition mode was started at the end of December 2015 and it was completed in January Status at September 2016 December 2017 AREA NAME TOTAL FRAMES 2016 TOTAL FRAMES 2017 Antartic Glacier Antartic Coast Greenland Glacier Other Polar Acquisition % PSTG 72% PSTG 2% is related to Permafrost starting from October 2017

12 COSMO-SkyMed / Sentinel-1 data collection over Antarctica - Reminder & Scope ON GOING INITITIVES Objective: Offer scientists with an open access to a joint collection of CSK S1 data over Antarctica for a given period of acquisition, stimulating the use of S1 and CSK missions data and promoting ESA/ESRIN as the European EO data access hub Relevant areas: Critical areas of Antarctica ice sheet / glaciers, where regular observations are performed by CSK and S1 Data access: Copernicus Open data access hub Data product type: Similar products types from CSK and S1 Opening of access to this collection planned before end 2017 Relevant CSK data sets have been identified: Acquired over 5 main glaciers in Antarctica: Pine Island Glacier Thwaites Pope Smith Kohler Data acquired during the period: Sep 2014 (beg. of S1A operations) to end 2015 SAR mode: STR_HIMAGE Single look complex (for InSAR): L1A Representing more than 1000 products ESA UNCLASSIFIED For Official Use CSK-PSTG data set EXPLOITATION

13 ASI OWNERS PROJECTS: OPEN CALL INITIATIVES CSK-PSTG acquired data are available in the COSMO-SkyMed catalogue and have been used from the scientific international community in the context of the ASI s Open Call initiative Selected projects will be supported for a maximum of two years, through a provision of a maximum of 100 free of charge COSMO-SkyMed scenes 80 archive product 20 Tasking product Selected projects will be supported for a maximum of two years, through a provision of a maximum of 100 free of charge COSMO-SkyMed scenes from both archive products and tasking product SUBMITTED PROPOSALS > 100 with 91 new activated projects (13 in 2017) SUBMITTED PROPOSALS: 6 7% of the total number of new activated projects

14 COSMO-SkyMed Open Call Projects over Polar Areas or Mountain Areas (activated from 2015 to 2017)

15 Larsen C crack evolution The Italian COSMO-SkyMed Constellation during its present periodic and continous monitoring of the Larsen C crack evolution, in the framework of an Italian Project leaded by ISAC-CNR and started by the ASI Open Call initiative for the Scientific Community, clearly showed the speed-up of the crack evolution itself and the finale separation, as visible in the following two COSMO-SkyMed images (SCANSAR Acquisition mode mosaic) acquired the first one only four days before the iceberg brake-off (July 8th) and the second immediately after the iceberg separation from the parent Ice Shelf, on July 13th at 10:08 a.m.

16 COSMO-SkyMed Projects over Polar Areas or Mountain Areas in the institutional domain (activated from 2015 to 2017) 1/2

17 COSMO-SkyMed Projects over Polar Areas or Mountain Areas in the institutional domain (activated from 2015 to 2017) Dynamics of the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf (FRIS), Antarctica and it s primary tributary ice streams. ASC DESC Asc and Desc Coverage of the AoI using the PSTG planned acquisitions: The priority level of these acquisitions has been raised from background (lowest) to user level. 2/2

18 COSMO-SkyMed INSTITUTIONAL NATIONAL and INTERNATIONAL USERS: focus on polar research 326 PROJECTS activated from 2012, among them 36 new projects in PROJECTS on going in PROJECTS activated in the framework of the Open Call CSK ( ) GENERAL TREND and STATISTICS based on activated projects % DISTRIBUTION of PRIMARY APPLICATION DOMAINS for INSTITUTIONAL PROJECTS % DISTRIBUTION of PRIMARY APPLICATION DOMAINS for INSTITUTIONAL PROJECTS INCLUDING SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY (Open Call) 3% 3% 13% 1% 7% 11% Land Cover & Vegetation Ocean & Marine Applications Other Polar Research 9% 6% 11% 2% 9% 11% 7% Land Cover & Vegetation Ocean & Marine Applications Other 62% Risk Management & Security SAR Methods & Research Water Resources & Idrology 56% Polar Research Risk Management & Security SAR Methods & Research

19 Polar Space Task Group COSMO-SkyMed Acquisition Plan (Background mission over Fraim Strait, starting from March 14, 2013) Floating Ice The COSMO-SkyMed Greenland acquisition campaign is ongoing on Fraim Strait to provide information on the east Greenland current and sea ice drift using ScanSAR acquisition modes. A one/eight day revisit time could be used for specific cases if needed. Total number of ScanSAR Huge scenes: 8100

20 Polar Space Task Group PSTG-SAR CWG - COSMO-SkyMed Contribute PERMAFROST Permafrost is acknowledged by WMO and UNFCCC as Essential Climate Variable (ECV). Permafrost, defined as sub-surface earth materials that remain at or below 0 C continuously for two or more years, is widespread in the Arctic and sub-arctic regions. There is a need for improved and less expensive, remote sensing based tool and method to asses permafrost stability risk, and to monitor existing infrastructure integrity such us roads, rail beds, pipelines, and buildings. Studies regards the use of short revisit sensor as COSMO-SkyMed to increase the temporal resolution of deformation time series are addressed to better capture permafrost seasonal dynamics and to separate seasonal from long-term subsidence trends. In addition to carry out a comparative analysis to assess the suitability and complementarity of other radar bands such as C-band and X-band. About 50 locations ( called cold spots ) where permafrost (Arctic and Antarctic) in situ monitoring has been taking place for many years have been proposed to WMO PSTG as focus areas for monitoring by satellite data In the framework of COSMO-SkyMed contribute to PSTG on Permafrost Theme over polar area, ASI has recently activated, starting in October 2017 an acquisition plan over these sites, on the base of the scientific community requirements. Acquisition plan Stripmap mode (3-5 m res., 40 km swath); Polarization HH, right look side; High values of look angle (> 45); Time resolution. Winter period: from 1 to 3 time for orbital cycle (16 day) on the base of AOI extension; summer period:1 time each 2 orbital cycle (32 d).

21 Polar Space Task Group PSTG-SAR CWG - COSMO-SkyMed Contribute PERMAFROST About 50 COLD SPOTs monitored starting form October Among these sites, with the aim to improve the sharing policy of the PSTG, providing data sets over the same areas of interest, 5 COLD SPOTs where DLR extended the area of monitoring, have been selected to be monitored with the same extension (source: Table of coordinated space agencies acquisition plan and completion status) : CS7, CS1, CS2, CS3, CS9, RUSSIA: 8 - Terpyai Tumus (Central Siberia) 7 RUSSIA: 7 -Mamontov Klyk (Central Siberia) 8 CSK Stripmap acquisition mode, 40km x 40 km COLD SPOT 23 CS3- Drew Point USA DLR area CSK monitored area

22 Polar Space Task Group New publications Fracture on Nansen ice shelf, on the west side of Antartica. SCANSAR- WIDEREGION COSMO-SkyMed, Image acquired on 23 March 201, a.m.polarizzation HH, Right descending, pixel size 30 m M. Moctezuma-Flores and F. Parmiggiani SAR observations of the Nansen Ice Shelf fracture Eur. Phys. J. Plus (2016), doi: /epjp/i y M. Moctezuma-Flores and F. Parmiggiani Tracking of the iceberg created by the Nansen Ice Shelf collapse Int. J. Remote Sensing (2017), doi: / Wadhams P., Aulicino G., Parmiggiani F., Pignagnoli L. SAR Ice Thickness Mapping in the Beaufort Sea Using Wave Dispersion in Pancake Ice A Case Study with Intensive Ground Truth, Proc. Living Planet Symposium 2016, Prague (ESA SP-740, August 2016) P. Wadhams, G. Aulicino, F. Parmiggiani, O. G. Persson and B. Holt Pancake ice thickness mapping in the Beaufort Sea from wave dispersion observed in SAR imagery re-submitted after revision to JGR in October 2017 M. L. Battagliere, M. Virelli, G.F. De Luca, A. Coletta Status and perspectives of the International Cooperation based on the Italian EO space asset COSMO-SkyMed 68th International Astronautical Congress (IAC), Adelaide, Australia, September 2017.

23 Polar Space Task Group Thank You! Fabrizio Battazza, ASI PSTG delegate, Maria L. Battagliere, ASI PSTG delegate and COSMO-SkyMed Deputy Mission Manager, Maria G. Daraio, Expert for SAR CWG and COSMO-SkyMed Mission Engineer,