EU Security and Defense Priorities and Challenges

Transcription

1 EU Security and Defense Priorities and Challenges Declan Kirrane ISC Intelligence in Science Brussels Page 1

2 Swedish EU Presidency Intelligence in Science Stockholm Programme New strategic work programme for the Justice and Home Affairs policy area EU cooperation in police, border and customs issues, legal matters and asylum, migration and visa policy Strengthening transatlantic cooperation EU-USA Summit Development of the EU s crisis management capability European armaments cooperation Security System Reform EU Battlegroups optimal activation Civil security EU Capability Development (e.g. strategic transport or ambulance helicopters) Civil-military capability development EU-NATO cooperation Maritime surveillance Page 2

3 Spanish Presidency 2010 Intelligence in Science Further definition for European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP) Set-up the European Headquarters Development of the Mediterranean and African Axis Cooperation of third countries in ESDP operations, esp. US, South American countries EU Battlegroups Support for civil-military sec. capacities Strengthening EU-NATO Cooperation Page 3

4 Stockholm Programme: Intelligence in Science Citizens Security New Action Plan for EU Member States for cooperation on judicial matters and homeland sec for Preparatory phase: Communication of the Commission in An area of freedom, security and justice serving the citizen (COM(2009) 262 final of 10 June 2009) Informal meeting of Ministers for Justice and Home Affairs July 2009 Approval foreseen by EU Summit December 2009 Page 4

5 Stockholm Programme: Intelligence in Science Citizens Security Promotion of citizens rights Strengthening of civil protection, developing cooperation in the area of risk analysis (including regional aspects) and strengthening EU s response capacity (better organisation of the assistance mechanisms and interoperability of the resources available) Protection of citizens EU Internal Security Strategy ( clarification of the EU s and Member States role, establishment of operational priorities, ) Integrated Approach to Controlling Entry (development of an integrated border management, modernisation of the Schengen Acquis, increased cooperation among Member States, rationalisation of types of checks at border crossings, development of EUROSUR with cooperation establishment by 2013, ) Page 5

6 Stockholm Programme: Intelligence in Science Citizens Security Protection of citizens (cont.) Reduction of terrorist threat (initiatives to counter radicalisation, further surveillance on the use of the internet for terrorist purposes, adaption of instruments combating the financing of terrorism to new circumstances, establishment of common parameters for specific prevention measures to master the risk of terrorism, CBRN Defense, Critical Infrastructure Protection, explosives safety, ) Page 6

7 EU Crisis Management Actual EU Response Mechanisms: Civil Protection Monitoring and Information Centre (MIC) Assistance to Member States with major emergencies (mobilisation, coordination, transport, ) Crisis Coordination Arrangements (within and outside EU) EU Participation through ARGUS, a central crisis coordination system which links specialised EU systems for emergencies Rapid Alerts Systems ECURIE Systems for radiological emergencies Early Warning and Response System for communicable diseases RAS-BICHAT for biological and chemical health threats Page 7

8 CBRN Defense Strengthening Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Security in the European Union CBRN Action Plan Goals implemented through 133 measures: Risk-based approach to CBRN Well protection of CBRN materials Strengthening the exchange of information Improvement of detection systems Provision of essential tools for responders Main areas of work: Prevention (main focus of the Action Plan working on limiting the number of vulnerabilities regarding CBRN materials) Detection (supplement to prevention) Preparedness and response ( supplement to prevention) Page 8

9 Maritime / Border Security Surveillance Initiatives Vessel Monitoring System, Vessel Detection System, Automatic Identification System, ) No interface set-up and non-interoperable Integrated Surveillance Initiatives Vessel Traffic Monitoring and Information System (VTMIS) data exchange SafeSeaNet data exchange Future initiatives: Information systems: Entry/Exit, registered traveller, ESTA (border checks) Operational Cooperation: EUROSUR (border surveillance: system of systems ) Page 9

10 Maritime / Border Security Challenges: Creation of the integrated network delivering data from surveillance, monitoring, tracking, identification and reporting Technological development for improving efficiency Technical interoperability (systems, software architecture, ) Legal constraints Study ongoing in the analysis of legal and regulatory obstacles Page 10

11 Counter-Terrorism: Intelligence in Science Background EU Counter-Terrorism Strategy and EU Action Plan on Terrorism Four Pillars: Prevention Protection Pursuit Response Main EU Actions: Supporting Member States capabilities Facilitating cooperation at EU level Developing EU capability Promoting international partnership Revision of EU Counter-Terrorism Strategy each 6 months Page 11

12 Counter-Terrorism: 2009 Intelligence in Science First steps in capability building in order to address crisis management at EU level Training experts Concept development Tech definition Page 12

13 EU Space GMES Conference: GMES towards operationality in 2010 under the Spanish EU Presidency First Defense and Space Council during the Belgian Presidency EU-wide operational phase of GMES with the objective of being fully operational by 2014 Galileo will by 2013 deploy 30 satellites providing services for individuals, professionals and institutions GMES will provide 2013 onwards a long-term service availability and sustainability of timely and reliable information and coordination of observation systems for global safety, developing strategic policy options Page 13

14 EU Space Security Link EU trend towards the use of space technologies for security and Defense Set up of the EDA-EU-ESA Joint Task Force New DG Security and Space Page 14

15 EU R&D: FP7(2007 ( ) 2013) It is the main EU research funding instrument More than 50 billion will be spent in different programmes More than 60% of the total budget will be spent on collaborative research projects The calls for proposal are included in annual Workprogrammes (WPs). The WPs include provisions on innovation, dissemination and knowledge transfer. Page 15

16 EU R&D: FP7(2007 ( ) 2013) The EU 7 th Framework Programme (FP7): FP7 52 Billion for collaborative R&D FP7 general structure: Cooperation Collaborative research Ideas Frontier Research People Human Potential Capacities Research Capacity

17 EU R&D: FP7(2007 ( ) 2013) Page 17

18 Transnational R&D Intelligence in Science Progress 20,0 As of 1995, a clear saturation of the transnational research effort AS % OF R&D FINANCED BY GOVERNMENT 18,0 16,0 14,0 12,0 10,0 8,0 6,0 4,0 2,0 FP1 FP2 EUREKA CERN,COST,EMBL,EMBO,ESA,ESF,ESO,ESRF,ILL FP3 FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME 0, FP4 FP5 15,50 14,02 6,10 Page 18

19 ERA Strategic Partnership Strengths Opportunities Diversity Quality Worldwide operation Open innovation Fragmentation of funding bodies isolation and compartmentalization of national research efforts & systems Weaknesses Babel tower syndrome Mimetism One size fits all Threats Page 19

20 Lujbljana Process: Next Intelligence in Science Phase A MULTIPOLAR ERA IN THE WORLD Page 20

21 Restructuring a fragmented ERA Public Funding for Research (Source : ERA Key Figures 2007, EC) Joint Programming in EU 27: 10 to 15 % EU27 + EC Joint Programming in US : 85 to 90 % Germany France UK Italy Spain Commission Netherlands Sweden Belgium Finland Austria Denmark Portugal Ireland Poland Greece Czech rep. Hungary ROmania Slovenia Slovakia Bulgaria Luxembourg Lithuania Estonia Cyprus Latvia Malta China Japan United States Mio Euro Page 21

22 EU in the World Chindia United States European Union United in Diversity Page 22

23 Security and Defence Intelligence in Science R&D/T Increasing EU Budget for Security R&D 2009 Budget: million euros 2010 Budget: million euros Maintaining EU Member States Collaborative Budget for Defense R&T: 2006 Budget: 2.6 billion euros 2007 Budget: 2.6 billion euros Collaboration in R&T between the European Commission and EDA Future development of a European Framework Cooperation for synchronising Defense and civilian related research activities (Defense Ministers Council, May 2009) Proposal for FP8 end of 2009 Page 23

24 R&D Capacity - Research Infrastructures EU Research Infrastructures Social Sciences and Humanities Environmental Sciences Energy Biological and Medical Sciences Materials and Analytical Facilities Physical Sciences and Engineering E- Infrastructures Security CESSDA CLARIN DARIAH European Social Survey SHARE AURORA BOREALIS COPAL EISCAT_3D Upgrade EMSO EPOS EURO- ARGO(GLOBAL) IAGOS ICOS LIFEWATCH SIAEOS ECCSEL HiPER IFMIF (GLOBAL) JHR BBMRI EATRIS ECRIN ELIXIR EMBRC EU- OPENSCREEN EuroBioImaging High Security BLS4 Laboratory Infrafrontier INSTRUCT EMFL ESRF Upgrade EuroFel European Spallation Source European XFEL ILL20/20 Upgrade CTA E-ELT ELI FAIR KM3NeT PRINS SKA SPIRAL2 PRACE Research Infrastructures????? Page 24

25 Future R&D spending Member States % of GDP = 212 bill ,1% of GDP = > 300 bill. (est.) CIP bill. for different innovation activities Structural Funds % of 308 bill. for R&D&I FP7 from bill. Member States After 2010: 3% of GDP CIP evaluation Structural Funds ? FP8 from > 60 bill. Energy focus Source IMF April 2008 Page 25

26 Integrated ATM System The European Initiative is called SESAR Project SESAR has three phases: 1. Definition Phase ( ) ATM Master Plan defining the development and deployment phases 2. Development Phase ( ) SESAR Joint Undertaking has been settled in order to develop new generation of technological systems and components Present interest on deciding accessibility regulation to industry which will manage the services 3. Deployment Phase ( ) The building of new infrastructures in Europe and third countries without public funds EU-US agreement on developing an Integrated Air Traffic Management System Page 26

27 Transatlantic Cooperation Initial phase for the support of R&D cooperation between Europe and US EU Institutions Member States Support to push US research centres, academia and industry to enter the European Research Consortium Page 27

28 BEYOND FORTRESS AMERICA : NATIONAL SECURITY CONTROLS ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN A GLOBALIZED WORLD US NRC 2009 Need for export controls restructuration and visa controls on credentialed foreign scientists and engineers further streamlining to maintain US Competitiveness The actual policies weaken relations with allies, reduce the capability and strength of US defense industrial base, and help to create foreign competitors diminishing US market share in critical technologies US national security and economic prosperity depend on global engagement in science, technology and commerce Solutions: Export control decisions with respect to individual requests for licenses and the creation of a new administrative coordination entity Creation of an economic competitiveness exemption that eliminates export controls on technologies already available in world markets Maintain and enhance access to the reservoir of human talent from foreign sources Page 28

29 Maritime / Border Security 27/04/09-28/04/09 EU-US maritime security R&D workshop On April 2009, the Maritime Affairs Unit of the JRC Institute for the Protection and the Security of the Citizen (IPSC) hosted a workshop on research and development in the field of maritime security. The workshop brought to light a number of common research interests, and both sides agreed on widespread interest of working together on basic technologies, in order to foster uniform standards and norms, and hence harmonisation in a potentially world-wide market. Research topics that were mentioned in particular included: wide area maritime surveillance, data fusion and anomaly detection, container security, and satellite AIS. The event brought together around 50 participants from the EU and the US, including from the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Department of Defense, Coast Guard, and Navy. Delegates from the NATO Research Centre of La Spezia, several Commission services as well as from the EU Agencies EMSA (European Maritime Safety Agency) and Frontex (European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the Member States of the European Union) also attended the meeting. Representatives from industry involved in collaborative research projects were also participating. From the European side, the various policies that impact on maritime security were presented, as well as the most relevant EU research projects in this field: OPERAMAR, AMASS, SECTRONIC, LIMES and WIMAAS. The JRC presented its work in the fields of maritime surveillance, container security and port security. Participants from the US gave an overview of the structures, initiatives and activities related to maritime security science and technology. It is foreseen to strengthen EU-US R&D cooperation on maritime security, and, in the future, collaborative projects may be defined. Page 29