Metering Best Practices: A Guide to Achieving Utility Resource Efficiency Greg Sullivan PE, LEED AP Principal Engineer Efficiency Solutions

Transcription

1 Metering Best Practices: A Guide to Achieving Utility Resource Efficiency Greg Sullivan PE, LEED AP Principal Engineer Efficiency Solutions

2 AIA Quality Assurance Learning Objectives: 1. Present the importance and application of metering to overall resource efficiency. 2. Highlight key metering technologies appropriate for today s buildings. 3. Underscore profitable uses for metered data. 4. Share available resources for further education.

3 Presentation Overview EPAct 2005 and EISA 2007 Metering Requirements Overview of Metering Best Practices Guide

4 EPAct 2005/Section 103 Energy Use Measurement and Accountability Highlights: October 1, 2012 All Federal buildings deemed practicable Meter electricity using advanced meters Goal: efficient energy use and cost reduction

5 Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA 2007) Amongst other requirements: EISA Section 434B expands EPAct 2005 to include Natural Gas and Steam By October 1, 2016 All requirements of EPAct for electricity apply to natural gas and steam Four additional years to complete

6 Legislative Resources FEMP Web site: WWW1.EERE.ENERGY.GOV/FEMP EPAct 2005 Guidance for Electric Metering in Federal Buildings Instructions for Implementing E.O Links to EISA requirements

7 Metering Best Practices Guide Metering Best Practices Guide (MBPG) genesis MBPG goals MBPG layout and content *** IMPORTANT *** Audience Participation Segment

8 Acknowledgements PNNL co-authors: Ray Pugh, Dave Hunt PNNL graphics editing staff: Dave Payson, Kathy Neiderhiser, Elaine Schneider FEMP Sponsor and Visionary: Mr. Ab Ream

9 MBPG Development: For whom, why, and how? Target audience: Federal energy/o&m/facility managers and practitioners Responsibilities for: Financial Technical Installation Operations

10 MBPG Development: For whom, why, and how? Recognition that metering is a resource Good information drives good decisions Advocate more and better metering Multi-resource metering Energy and water Where justified beyond whole building Panel, circuit, end-use

11 MBPG Development: For whom, why, and how? Based on interaction with Federal staff FEMP O&M workshops On-going activities at various agency sites Literature searches Equipment vendors Industry experts

12 MBPG Development DISCLAIMER This guide is NOT the universe of Metering This guide is not a cookbook We provide information not recommendations We defer to manufacturer s specifications/ recommendations.

13 MBPG Development DISCLAIMER Cont d Actions and activities recommended in this guide should only be attempted by trained and certified personnel. If such personnel are not available, the actions recommended here should not be initiated.

14 MBPG Layout and Contents Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 Why Metering Chapter 3 Metering Planning Chapter 4 Metering Approaches Chapter 5 Metering Technologies Chapter 6 Communications and Data Storage Chapter 7 Data Analysis and Use

15 MBPG Layout and Contents Cont d Chapter 8 Metering Economics Chapter 9 Federal Sector Case Studies Appendix A Glossary Appendix B Energy Policy Act Requirements Appendix C Metering Codes and Standards Appendix D Suggestion Form

16 MBPG Chapter 2: Why Metering? Legislative requirements DOE and DOD Business case for metering High-level uses for data and cost-justification Reduce utility use/costs Improve building operation/tenant satisfaction Track, trend, benchmark Identify efficiency opportunities Measurement and verification

17 MBPG Chapter 3: Metering Planning Planning needs why plan? Steps to consider: Goals/objectives Data, analysis, and equipment needs Evaluation criteria Cost, savings, benefits Pass/fail iteration Implementation Performance evaluation Upkeep, O&M, and persistence

18 Metering Planning Flow Chart

19 MBPG Chapter 4: Metering Approaches One-time/spot measurements (system/sub-system) Run-time measurements (system/sub-system) Short-term monitoring (system/sub-system/whole building) Long-term monitoring (system/whole building)

20 MBPG Chapter 4: Metering Approaches One-Time/Spot Measurement Advantages Lowest cost Ease of use Non-intrusive Fast results One-Time/Spot Measurement Challenges Low accuracy Limited application Measures single operating parameter Long-Term Measurement Advantages Highest accuracy Can quantify magnitude and duration Captures most variance Long-Term Measurement Challenges High cost Most difficult to install/monitor Time duration for result availability

21 MBPG Chapter 4: Metering Hierarchy End-Use-Level Metering Level of Effort Circuit-Level Metering Panel/Sub-Panel Metering Whole-Building Metering Diagnostic Capability

22 MBPG Chapter 5: Metering Technologies Highlight the predominant utilities Electricity Natural gas Steam Potable water Chilled/HTHW

23 MBPG Chapter 5: Metering Technologies For each utility present: Relevant technologies Advantages and challenges of each Maintenance needs Specification considerations Selection criteria

24 MBPG Chapter 5: Metering Technologies Key decision metrics Accuracy Precision Turndown ratio Ease/cost of installation Ease/cost of maintenance/recalibration

25 MBPG Chapter 5: Metering Technologies Natural Gas Meter Technologies: Positive displacement Diaphram Rotary Differential pressure Orifice Venturi Annubar Velocity Turbine Vortex shedding Present diagrams and function Present advantages and challenges

26 MBPG Chapter 5: Metering Technologies: Steam Meters

27 MBPG Chapter 5: Metering Technologies: Steam Meters Turbine Meter Advantages/Challenges Advantages: Good accuracy over larger turndown ratio. Challenges: Impeller bearing wear Rotor blade erosion Recalibration to adjust for bearing and blade wear Vortex Meter Advantages/Challenges Advantages: Good accuracy over large turndown ratio Higher reliability owing to the lack of any moving parts With high-quality steam, recalibration need is negated Challenges: Meter needs to be isolated from mechanical vibration Longer lengths of straight pipe for accurate operation

28 MBPG Chapter 5: Metering Technologies: Maintenance: Positive Displacement Meters Monthly Inspections Steam Meters All connections for gas leakage Abnormally loud or discontinuous sounds internal to meter General meter cleanliness Annual Inspections Calibration of velocity meter according to manufacturer s recommendation or if trended data indicate mis-calibration.

29 MBPG Chapter 5: Metering Technologies: Specification considerations: Steam Meters Determine expected range of flows Determine the accuracy requirements over the flow range this will help define the necessary turndown ratio. Physical installation requirements lengths of piping, communications, etc. Staff who install, maintain, and use the data should have a voice in meter selection.

30 MBPG Chapter 5: Metering Technologies Steam Meters Selection Criteria: Positive Criteria Displacement Orifice Venturi Annubar Turbine Vortex Shedding Accuracy Good Moderate Good Good Good Good Turndown Ratio 10:1 <5:1 < 5:1 10:1 10:1 20:1 Repeatability Good Good Good Very Good Low Very good Installation Ease Easy Easy Moderate Easy Challenging Moderate Pressure loss Medium Moderate Low Low Moderate Low Recalibration Needs Infrequent Frequent Infrequent Infrequent Frequent Infrequent Capital Cost Low Low Moderate Low Moderate Moderate Installed Cost Moderate Low Moderate Low Moderate Moderate Maintenance Cost Low High Moderate Low Moderate Low

31 MBPG Chapter 6: Metering Communications and Data Storage Metering Communications Present most common options Phone/modem Local area network Building automation system Wireless Power line carrier Descriptions and advantages/challenges

32 MBPG Chapter 6: Metering Communications and Data Storage Local Area Network Building Automation System Wireless Advantages: Proven technology Increasing availability Always connected Data sharing opportunities Challenges: Network/IT security concerns Wired installation need for network connectivity Advantages: Usually available Fast communications Always connected Challenges: Potential system compatibility issues Potential data availability issues Advantages: No communication wiring to install Fast communications Always connected Challenges: System cost though prices are coming down Perceived RF interference issues Distance and materials limitations New system, new infrastructure

33 MBPG Chapter 7: Data Analysis and Use Data Analysis Present most common options In-house/on-site Third-party/vendor-based solutions Highlight selection criteria Vendor profile Graphical outputs Analytical outputs Alarming capabilities

34 MBPG Chapter 7: Data Analysis and Use Data Uses Highlight typical uses Reimbursable billing Efficiency opportunity identification Operational opportunity identification Measurement and verification Benchmarking

35 MBPG Chapter 7: Data Analysis and Use Sample Data Uses

36 MBPG Chapter 7: Data Analysis and Use Data Uses: Efficiency Identification Building Daily kw Profile (Monday 15-minute intervals ) Demand (kw) :00 1:15 2:30 3:45 5:00 6:15 7:30 8:45 10:00 11:15 12:30 1:45 3:00 4:15 5:30 6:45 8:00 9:15 10:30 11:45 Time

37 MBPG Chapter 7: Data Analysis and Use Data Uses: Efficiency Identification Building Daily kw Profile (Monday 15-minute intervals ) Demand (kw) :00 1:15 2:30 3:45 5:00 6:15 7:30 8:45 10:00 11:15 12:30 1:45 3:00 4:15 5:30 6:45 8:00 9:15 10:30 11:45 Time

38 MBPG Chapter 7: Data Analysis and Use Data Uses: Efficiency Identification Building Water Use Profile (Thursday 15-minute intervals ) 25 Water Use (gallons) :00 1:15 2:30 3:45 5:00 6:15 7:30 8:45 10:00 11:15 12:30 1:45 3:00 4:15 5:30 6:45 8:00 9:15 10:30 11:45 Time

39 MBPG Chapter 7: Data Analysis and Use Data Uses: Efficiency Identification Building Water Use Profile (Saturday 15-minute intervals ) 25 Water Use (gallons) :00 1:15 2:30 3:45 5:00 6:15 7:30 8:45 10:00 11:15 12:30 1:45 3:00 4:15 5:30 6:45 8:00 9:15 10:30 11:45 Time

40 MBPG Chapter 7: Data Analysis and Use Data Uses: Operational Opportunity Boiler Frequency Cycle Indicator "1" represents boiler-on event, "0" represents boiler-off event 2 1 On/Off Indicator 0 6:05 7:00 7:55 8:51 9:46 10:41 11:36 12:31 1:27 2:22 3:19 4:15 5:10 6:07 7:03 7:59 8:55 9:50 10:45 11:41 12:37 1:31 2:26 3:21 4:15 5:10 6:04 Time

41 MBPG Chapter 7: Data Analysis and Use Data Uses: Operational Opportunity Weekday Lighting Profile :05 4:30 8:55 1:20 5:45 10:10 2:35 7:00 11:25 3:50 8:15 12:40 5:05 9:30 1:55 6:20 10:45 3:10 7:35 12:00 4:25 8:50 1:15 5:40 10:05 2:30 6:55 11:20 kw Time of Day

42 MBPG Chapter 7: Data Analysis and Use Data Uses: Operational Opportunity Lighting kw 10/14/05 Note the "spike" :05 12:55 1:45 2:35 3:25 4:15 5:05 5:55 6:45 7:35 8:25 9:15 10:05 10:55 11:45 12:35 1:25 2:15 3:05 3:55 4:45 5:35 6:25 7:15 8:05 8:55 9:45 10:35 11:25 kw Time of day

43 MBPG Chapter 7: Data Analysis and Use Data Uses: Measurement and Verification Spectrally-Enhanced Lighting Demonstration Aggregate Daily Lighting Profile kw Time of Day Retrofit kw Baseline kw

44 MBPG Chapter 8: Metering Economics Metering cost ranges Cost variables: Equipment Configuration Location Communications Metering savings Savings variables: Available data Analysis capabilities Commitment Persistence

45 MBPG Chapter 8: Metering Economics Cost justification How to cost justify metering on un-metered buildings? Financing approaches: Capital project specified Appropriations Alternative financing Utility UESC Private - ESPC

46 MBPG Chapter 9: Federal Sector Case Studies Electric metering at Brookhaven National Lab GSA Kastenmeier Courthouse GSA Enterprise Metering system NIH Headquarters

47 Metering Resources FEMP Web site: WWW1.EERE.ENERGY.GOV/FEMP Metering Best Practices Guide Guidance for Electric Metering in Federal Buildings Facility Metering for Improved Operations and Maintenance Advanced Utility Metering

48 Audience Participation Segment Could Metering Help?

49 Could Metering Help?

50 Could Metering Help?

51 Could Metering Help?

52 Could Metering Help?

53 Could Metering Help?

54 Could Metering Help?

55 Could Metering Help?

56 Could Metering Help?

57 Questions?

58 Greg Sullivan PE, LEED AP Principal Engineer Efficiency Solutions 1857 Kingston Rd. Richland, WA

59 AIA Quality Assurance Portland Energy Conservation, Inc is a registered provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-aia members are available on request. This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.