Energy Performance Tracking: Tools and Best Practices

Transcription

1 Energy Performance Tracking: Tools and Best Practices Hannah Friedman, PE Technical Research Director Dave Moser, PE Senior Engineer Mark Effinger, Engineer Portland Energy Conservation, Inc.

2 AIA Quality Assurance Learning Objectives 1. What energy performance tracking is; Why do it? 2. How to identify types of energy performance tracking tools 3. The key considerations to start energy performance tracking at your building 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 2

3 Research Background Market Research on Best Practices & Tools Energy Performance Tracking Guide To be published December 2010 Research Project Team PECI Enovity 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 3

4 Purpose of Presentation Clarify approaches in an emerging industry Highlight best practices from the real world Getting started 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 4

5 How does this affect me? Commissioning Providers Assist with ongoing commissioning Building Owners, Managers, Operators Help track and meet goals for energy savings Utility program managers Develop programs with improved savings verification and persistence Incent use of tools to find energy waste 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 5

6 Presentation Overview Why track energy performance? 4 Methods FDD Tools in Detail What are other people doing? Where to begin? 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 6

7 Presentation Overview Why track energy performance? 4 Methods FDD Tools in Detail What are other people doing? Where to begin? 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 7

8 Energy Performance Tracking Monitor & Track Energy Use 1 2 Use Information to Detect Problems Steps in the Energy Performance Tracking Process Action! Fix Problems and See Results 4 3 Diagnose Problems & Identify Solutions 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 8

9 Energy Performance Tracking and Commissioning Commissioning Process Well-functioning and documented systems with training for O&M staff Ongoing commissioning Energy Performance Tracking Updated documentation Ongoing training 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 9

10 The Need for Performance Tracking Protect the investment in EBCx Energy savings from EBCx reduced by 25% after about 4 years Study by Texas A&M Energy Systems Lab for the US DOE and IEA. (IEA Annex 47 Subtask C Final Report, 2009) 22 of 96 (23%) measures failed since installation 3-4 years ago SBW, Final Report CA RCx Impact Evaluation, th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 10

11 Why track energy performance? Part of sound building operations Verify energy savings from projects Identify additional savings Make sure savings persist over time 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 11

12 Presentation Overview Why track energy performance? 4 Methods FDD Tools in Detail What are other people doing? Where to begin? 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 12

13 Types of Energy Performance Tracking Method 1: Benchmarking Method 2: Energy information systems Method 3: Building automation system Method 4: Automated fault detection and diagnostic tools Hybrid tools are available on the market 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 13

14 Method 1: Benchmarking Compare energy to other buildings Big picture indicator of efficiency More systems coming ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager is leader, but limited coverage ASHRAE BuildingEQ coming soon California Benchmarking Tool coming soon 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 14

15 Oregon Department of Administrative Services (DAS) Utility Manager report kbtu/sqft 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 15

16 BuildingEQ (ASHRAE) Currently in pilot stage 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 16

17 Method 1: Benchmarking Pros Cons Great first step easy Helps select which buildings to target State mandates for benchmarking Only gives the big picture don t know where to look Not good at detecting problems early Isn t necessarily a predictor of potential savings 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 17

18 Method 2: Energy Information Systems EIS Basic Features Monitoring and collection of energy data Utility bill analysis Web browser interface Often includes data filtering and benchmarking See Building Energy Information Systems: State of the Technology and User Case Studies, Granderson, Piette, th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 18

19 Slice and Dice! 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 19

20 Look for Outliers or Trends 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 20

21 Method 2: Energy Information Systems Pros Great for portfolio of buildings Many EIS have ability to program custom alarms Focus is giving energy managers the big picture on energy performance for drilling in using other ways Cons Mainly only electric whole building and maybe gas meters Submetering in more expensive systems Usually a separate system from BAS 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 21

22 Method 3: Using BAS for Energy Performance Tracking Typical BAS don t track energy usage Make a tracking tool by adding Energy meter data Calculate system metrics Smart alarms to help detect problems BAS vendors starting to offer packaged solutions 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 22

23 Example Energy Performance Tracking Dashboards using Building Automation Systems (BAS) 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 23

24 Example: BuildingLogix 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 24

25 Predicted vs. Target usage Example: BuildingLogix Current net performance streak: 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 25

26 Example: BuildingLogix 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 26

27 Method 3: BAS for Performance Tracking Pros Operators are familiar with BAS Nice to have one front end, rather than EIS and BAS separate Whatever energy tracking tool used, use BAS for troubleshooting Cons Not many packaged solutions, but create custom system Likely does not have as many EIS-like features for data visualization 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 27

28 Method 4: Fault Detection and Diagnostic (FDD) Tools FD Automated detection of faults D Diagnose of the cause of the fault 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 28

29 Two Fault Detection Approaches Top-down approach: whole building / main meter level Deviations from model of historical energy use FD Tools or Energy modeling Generally preferred by energy managers Can be used to track energy savings 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 29

30 Top-Down Fault Detection 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 30

31 Bottom-up FDD Bottom-up approach: equipment level Monitors system data from BAS System fault identification rules-based Helps to diagnose possible causes of faults FDD Tools Generally preferred by facility engineers Potential to reduce operational complaints 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 31

32 Method 4: Fault Detection and Diagnostic (FDD) Tools Pros Cons Automated detection of faults saves time, finds hidden problems, calculate cost of energy waste Top-down FD provides the big picture Bottom-up FDD can give operators more information on problem and its potential cause Top-down FD doesn t tell you where to look Bottom-up FDD can be complex to implement; may be false alarms without customizing the system 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 32

33 Presentation Overview Why track energy performance? 4 Methods FDD Tools in Detail What are other people doing? Where to begin? 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 33

34 Fault Detection Tools Selected for Investigation Top-down Fault Detection Pulse (Pulse Energy) Energy Expert (Northwrite) Multiple Systems Bottom-up FDD PACRAT (Facility Dynamics) Infometrics (Cimetrics) SCIWatch (Scientific Conservation, Inc.) Metasys Sustainability Manager (JCI) System-specific Bottom-up FDD Efftrack (Efftec) chilled water systems APAR (NIST) air handlers VPACC (NIST) VAV boxes 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 34

35 Summary of Fault Detection Tool Features 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 35

36 Market Penetration Limited Market Penetration End users have the perception that there are few options o Adoption rate highest at facilities where energy reduction has been mandated Service Based Tools More Prevalent 80% of end users surveyed are using software as a service - Lower up-front cost - Ease of installation - External support 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 36

37 Top-Down Example: Pulse Energy 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 37

38 Bottom-up Example: SCIWatch 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 38

39 Bottom-up Example: Metasys Sustainability Manager 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 39

40 Questions to the Audience Which tools do you find most useful in tracking energy performance? Why? Benchmarking Energy information systems Building automation systems Fault Detection and Diagnostic Tools Hybrid tools / multiple tools integrated together 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 40

41 Presentation Overview Why track energy performance? 4 Methods FDD Tools in Detail What are other people doing? Where to begin? 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 41

42 What are other people doing? Market Research Literature review results Themes from phone survey and site visits Case Studies 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 42

43 What are other people doing? Literature Review Journal articles, research papers, guidelines, webinars, presentations and a utility program evaluation report Observed Gaps Mainly technology focused Key Barriers: Available resources and staffing Staff training and education Costs/Savings? - No specifics, very general Monitor & Track 1 2 Performance Tracking Process Detect 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 43

44 What are other people doing? Phone surveys and site visits 19 interviews large commercial, government, universities 4 site visits Successful tracking Best performing participants had defined: - Goals (what) - Policies (how, when) - Accountability (who) 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 44

45 What are other people doing? Phone survey and site visits Key findings: Simplistic methods can be effective Internal champions required Information transfer to all levels is critical 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 45

46 Case Study: Glenborough Realty Aventine La Jolla, CA Large Office (217,000 ft 2 Rentable) ENERGY STAR 100 LEED Platinum soon Central Plant Retrofit Turbocor Compressors OptimumLoop Energy Savings ~33% EUI = 26.7 kbtu/ft 2 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 46

47 Aventine Tracking Strategies Software as a service Constellation Energy Billing analysis Automatic utility bill pay service Data mining monthly consumption to identify anomalies OptimumMVM 3 rd party continual monitoring of central plant performance 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 47

48 Aventine tracking report 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 48

49 Aventine Successes Constellation Identified improperly split meters after the property was subdivided OptimumMVM Continual and automatic optimization Onsite staff responds quickly to high kw/ton Persistence of energy savings is maintained 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 49

50 Case Study: Oregon Department of Administrative Services (OR DAS) Portfolio of various buildings Office Lab Data Centers State mandate to save 20% of 2000 level by % portfolio savings achieved by th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 50

51 Oregon DAS Tracking Strategies Management level (EIS) Utility Manager (Itron/McKinstry) Used for long term tracking Snapshots are communicated to tenants quarterly Operations level (Top-down FD) Energy Expert (NorthWrite) Used for day to day diagnostics Daily energy reports are monitored 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 51

52 Oregon DAS: Tracking report Management level: Utility Manager Performance and progress to goal is tracked Quarterly report cards used to communicate 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 52

53 Oregon DAS: Tracking Report Operations level: Energy Expert 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 53

54 Oregon DAS: Energy Expert report Operators eventually learned how each building s load profile should look and can now diagnose issues more efficiently 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 54

55 Presentation Overview Why track energy performance? 4 Methods FDD Tools in Detail What are other people doing? Where to begin? 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 55

56 Questions to the Audience What are the greatest successes related to energy performance tracking? Examples: Helps make the business case for other energy-related projects Catch issues before they become comfort complaints Increased energy savings What are the challenges? Examples: Upfront cost / making the business case Time investment for continuous use Tools not integrated with other systems (work orders, BAS) 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 56

57 Your own Performance Tracking Program I m interested!! but where do I begin? 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 57

58 Setting Up A Program First steps Selecting a tool Designing a process What metrics to track? Monitor & Track Act Energy Performance Tracking 3 Detect Diagnose 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 58

59 High level energy performance tracking A good first step, a good general practice Against others: benchmarking E.g., ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager Against yourself E.g., Utility bill tracking - The California Commissioning Collaborative ( has free tools that can help with utility bill analysis 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 59

60 The People and The Tools They Use Recognize the two main aspects to energy performance tracking: Process The who, when and how Tool The what Beware the shiny new object syndrome 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 60

61 Key considerations for establishing a process Staff availability Make sure you have capacity to: Analyze data Act on alerts Document actions No use investing in a tool if you don t have time to use it Consider using an outside vendor for monitoring and analysis 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 61

62 Key considerations for establishing a process Assign clear responsibilities Who monitors performance? Who receives alerts, and who acts upon them? Who reports back, to close the loop? Who estimates and documents the benefits related to using the tool? To help make the financial case Monitor & Track 1 2 Detect Act 4 3 Diagnose 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 62

63 Which tool is best for you? Pop quiz: What are the four main types of energy performance tracking tools? - Benchmarking - Energy Information Systems (EIS) - Building Automation System (BAS) - Fault Detection and Diagnostic (FDD) 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 63

64 Which tool is best for you? It depends. Consider: Goals Monitor overall building performance, or specific equipment? Generally: - Overall performance Benchmarking, EIS - Specific equipment BAS, FDD Staff capability and availability Operators, energy manager(s) Remember that all tools require monitoring and action for benefits to be realized - Maybe use third party monitoring and analysis? 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 64

65 Which tool is best for you? Considerations, cont d Integration with existing tools Utility bill tracking Work order system BAS - BAS trend analysis is valuable in identifying root causes 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 65

66 BAS trends help identify the root cause Scenario: tracking tool shows high energy usage starting July 23 rd. But what s the cause? Unstable operation, causing excess energy use Stable operation pre-7/23 Problem Fixed! 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 66

67 Which metrics are best to track? Depends on: Tracking goals Equipment type (HVAC, lighting) Staff sophistication / level of expertise From our research to date: If you can t trace a metric back to a goal, don t bother tracking it At a minimum, track the high level metrics (e.g., whole building kwh) Track more detailed metrics as needed to meet your goals (e.g., chiller kw/ton) 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 67

68 Which metrics are best to track? Research findings, cont d. Start high level, then get more detailed Make sure you can do the simple stuff before getting too complex Note that high level tracking may not show every performance issue, only major ones - Systems-level tracking would help target areas to investigate 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 68

69 Making the financial case Energy performance tracking is good value If it s used right Robust tool, defined process Satisfies energy performance goals If it s used consistently Performance issues are identified faster Don t have to wait until next energy audit / commissioning project 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 69

70 Know thy baseline! Baseline needed for calculating savings Savings = Baseline usage Current usage (generally) From Guidelines for Verifying Existing Building Commissioning Project Savings - Using Interval Data Energy Models: IPMVP Options B and C (Jump, 2008). 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 70

71 Reset the baseline After savings have been calculated for major energy projects, reset the baseline Otherwise, tool will give a false indication of relative energy performance Old baseline / energy target New baseline / energy target 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 71

72 Summary of key considerations For a successful energy performance tracking program: Develop clear goals Evaluate tool options, and weigh these against staff availability / capability Form a solid process Track ongoing energy savings Monitor & Track 1 2 Detect Act 4 3 Diagnose 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 72

73 Summary Energy performance tracking rapidly expanding Use performance tracking to: protect Cx investment find even more opportunities CCC/CEC Energy Performance Tracking Guide Will help navigate through the options Influence the guide by becoming a Technical Advisory Group member 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 73

74 Questions? Hannah Friedman, PE Dave Moser, PE Mark Effinger Portland Energy Conservation, Inc th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 74

75 AIA Quality Assurance Portland Energy Conservation, Inc is a registered provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for non-aia members are available on request. This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. 18 th National Conference on Building Commissioning A PECI EVENT 75

76 Thank you!